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Similarity between two individuals in the combination of genetic markers along their chromosomes indicates shared ancestry and can be used to identify historical connections between different population groups due to admixture. We use a genome-wide, haplotype-based, analysis to characterise the structure of genetic diversity and gene-flow in a collection of 48 sub-Saharan African groups. We show that coastal populations experienced an influx of Eurasian haplotypes over the last 7000 years, and that Eastern and Southern Niger-Congo speaking groups share ancestry with Central West Africans as a result of recent population expansions. In fact, most sub-Saharan populations share ancestry with groups from outside of their current geographic region as a result of gene-flow within the last 4000 years. Our in-depth analysis provides insight into haplotype sharing across different ethno-linguistic groups and the recent movement of alleles into new environments, both of which are relevant to studies of genetic epidemiology.

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10.7554/eLife.15266

The thing is, I really really really desire some aDNA going back 2-4kya atleast in central, south, West Africa and the Sahel.

I believe I've been quite transparent so far in regards to my belief that there was a recent selective sweep of some kind within the continent.

I wan't to post more now, but see the trick though is to read a lot of articles, sit on them and when someone says something you know the answer to from one of your "hidden studies", post an unsourced snippet, (make sure you edit it a lil so readers can't find it), and viola! you'll look like you have the inside scoop or a superior researcher or some sh!t... lol

^JK, but no not really
...or am I

Tukuler, you'll probably appreciate figure 4 S1&2
 

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Originally posted by Elmaestro:
We show that coastal populations experienced an influx of Eurasian haplotypes over the last 7000 years,

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Specific Asian gene-flow is observed into two coastal Kenyan groups, the Kauma and Chonyi, which represents a distinct route of Eurasian, in this case Asian, ancestry into Africa, perhaps as a result of Medieval trade networks between Asia and the Swahili Coast around 1200CE

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Originally posted by Elmaestro:
^ the recipients or the donors?
...I believe the former are quite well defined

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Specific Asian gene-flow is observed into two coastal Kenyan groups, the Kauma and Chonyi, which represents a distinct route of Eurasian, in this case Asian, ancestry into Africa, perhaps as a result of Medieval trade networks between Asia and the Swahili Coast around 1200CE

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10.7554/eLife.15266

I believe I seen a video on either here or ESR that corresponds to this. I forgot the name of the empire @ the Swahili coast though.

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Originally posted by Punos_Rey:
Is North Africa being considered "Eurasia" or "Afroasiatic"or is it even being considered at all?

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Originally posted by Elmaestro:
The thing is, I really really really desire some aDNA going back 2-4kya atleast in central, south, West Africa and the Sahel.

I believe I've been quite transparent so far in regards to my belief that there was a recent selective sweep of some kind within the continent.

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Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
So what lead them to "migrate back"?.

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Originally posted by Tukuler:

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Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
So what lead them to "migrate back"?.

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Phat asz thick thigh love lip African gahlz
what else?

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Originally posted by Cass/:

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Originally posted by Tukuler:

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Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
So what lead them to "migrate back"?.

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Phat asz thick thigh love lip African gahlz
what else?

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Well, that's not supported by physical attractiveness data. European/Middle Eastern and East Asian men (on average) don't find large buttocks attractive; Caucasian men like medium size, while East Asians, small:

"This ethnic difference is apparent in the differences in ethnic ideals with respect to buttock augmentation surgery (Roberts et al., 2006) in which Asians prefer very small and African Americans very large buttocks."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4556148/

Caucasian & East Asian women are mostly similar, only African-American women in the following study thought large buttocks were beautiful.

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/IJCST-11-2015-0128?journalCode=ijcst

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Funny, since North African women also have larger and rounder buttocks, like African Americans.
In the paper posted by you the use Moroccans as an example.





In large parts of the Latin world it is liked and considered attractive, so logically Latinas also have large buttocks (logically considering their heritage) like African Americans.

The shape of Indian women's behind is also different from the European women's behind. Then again, some East European women also differ from West European women (some happen to have bubble butts, and relatively large).

And lastly, taste has differed from time to time and location. Renaissance and classical times had different taste. Read on the history of the female body.
 

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Originally posted by Elmaestro:
Are you looking for the common denominator for North Africans & Sehelian and non Saharan/Mediterranean Africans (SNS)Capra?

@Ish Gebor, Like I said in the other thread about V88 and another thread before... What we call SSA, isn't some static Archaic basal populations with little influence on and from neighbors and OOA populations. Not a single group in the study lacked a signal of some form of admixture within the last 4000 years, whether it's intracontinental or global. It's about time we get with the program, Africans were making moves. Why must the rest of the world exhibit complex population history while Africans remain static and untouched, that's silly.

Whether or not movement was bidirectional in regards to OOA populations, we'll need aDNA to understand the full story. Recent admixture OOA always (90% of the time) seems to be linked to a lazy explanation involving slavery...
I personally believe that there were many movements in and out of Africa well after the initial bottle neck...Or even the Basal Eurasian Exit (If it even happened that way)

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Khoisan hunter-gatherers have been the largest population throughout most of modern-human demographic history

The Khoisan people from Southern Africa maintained ancient lifestyles as hunter-gatherers or pastoralists up to modern times, though little else is known about their early history. Here we infer early demographic histories of modern humans using whole-genome sequences of five Khoisan individuals and one Bantu speaker. Comparison with a 420 K SNP data set from worldwide individuals demonstrates that two of the Khoisan genomes from the Ju/’hoansi population contain exclusive Khoisan ancestry. Coalescent analysis shows that the Khoisan and their ancestors have been the largest populations since their split with the non-Khoisan population ~100–150 kyr ago. In contrast, the ancestors of the non-Khoisan groups, including Bantu-speakers and non-Africans, experienced population declines after the split and lost more than half of their genetic diversity. Paleoclimate records indicate that the precipitation in southern Africa increased ~80–100 kyr ago while west-central Africa became drier. We hypothesize that these climate differences might be related to the divergent-ancient histories among human populations.

[...]

Yet Khoisan populations have maintained the greatest nuclear-genetic diversity among all human populations3, 4, 5 and the most ancient Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages6, 7, implying relatively larger effective population sizes for ancestral Khoisan populations.

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Originally posted by Elmaestro:


Central - West African & Sahel Admixture sources and dates within ~7ky

Results of the MALDER analysis computing weighted admixture decay curves from 0.5cM. As in the main analyses, the algorithm was run independently three times with the HAPMAP, YRI, and CEU genetic maps. The main results shown here are from the HAPMAP analysis. For each population, we show the ancestry region identity of the two populations involved in generating the MALDER curves with the greatest amplitudes (which are the closest to the true admixing sources amongst the reference populations) for at most two events. The sources generating the greatest amplitude are highlighted with a black box. Populations are ordered by ancestry of the admixture sources and dates estimates which are shown ? 1 s.e.

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Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
Ich glaube dass aber nicht.

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Originally posted by capra:
Sprechen wir Deutsch jetzt?

Doesn't have to be the Wilton, that is just an archaeological culture with a wide distribution. What I'm looking for is something that links Khoisan and Biaka, Gbaya, Hadza, Gumuz, Amhara, etc in 30-60 000 years ago range.

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The Khoisan expanded into Europe 44,000 years ago. These Bushman introduced the Aurignacian and Solutrean cultures into Europe.

The Aurignacian civilization was founded by the Cro-Magnon people who originated in Africa. They took this culture to Western Europe across the Straits of Gibraltar. The Cro-Magnon people were probably Bushman/Khoi.


There have been numerous "Negroid skeletons" found in Europe. Marcellin Boule and Henri Vallois, in Fossil Man, provide an entire chapter on the Africans/Negroes of Europe Anta Diop also discussed the Negroes of Europe in Civilization or Barbarism, pp.25-68. Also W.E. B. DuBois, discussed these Negroes in the The World and Africa, pp.86-89. DuBois noted that "There was once a an "uninterrupted belt' of Negro culture from Central Europe to South Africa" (p.88).

Boule and Vallois, note that "To sum up, in the most ancient skeletons from the Grotte des Enfants we have a human type which is readily comparable to modern types and especially to the Negritic or Negroid type" (p.289). They continue, "Two Neolithic individuals from Chamblandes in Switzerland are Negroid not only as regards their skulls but also in the proportions of their limbs. Several Ligurian and Lombard tombs of the Metal Ages have also yielded evidences of a Negroid element.

Since the publication of Verneau's memoir, discoveries of other Negroid skeletons in Neolithic levels in Illyria and the Balkans have been announced. The prehistoric statues, dating from the Copper Age, from Sultan Selo in Bulgaria are also thought to protray Negroids.

In 1928 Rene Bailly found in one of the caverns of Moniat, near Dinant in Belgium, a human skeleton of whose age it is difficult to be certain, but seems definitely prehistoric. It is remarkable for its Negroid characters, which give it a reseblance to the skeletons from both Grimaldi and Asselar (p.291).

Boule and Vallois, note that "We know now that the ethnography of South African tribes presents many striking similarities with the ethnography of our populations of the Reindeer Age. Not to speak of their stone implements which, as we shall see later , exhibit great similarities, Peringuey has told us that in certain burials on the South African coast 'associated with the Aurignacian or Solutrean type industry...."(p.318-319). They add, that in relation to Bushman art " This almost uninterrupted series leads us to regard the African continent as a centre of important migrations which at certain times may have played a great part in the stocking of Southern Europe. Finally, we must not forget that the Grimaldi Negroid skeletons sho many points of resemblance with the Bushman skeletons". They bear no less a resemblance to that of the fossil Man discovered at Asslar in mid-Sahara, whose characters led us to class him with the Hottentot-Bushman group.

The Boule and Vallois research makes it clear that the Bushman expanded across Africa on into Europe via Spain .
 

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Originally posted by Cass/:

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Originally posted by Tukuler:

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Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
So what lead them to "migrate back"?.

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Phat asz thick thigh love lip African gahlz
what else?

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Well, that's not supported by physical attractiveness data. European/Middle Eastern and East Asian men (on average) don't find large buttocks attractive; Caucasian men like medium size, while East Asians, small:

"This ethnic difference is apparent in the differences in ethnic ideals with respect to buttock augmentation surgery (Roberts et al., 2006) in which Asians prefer very small and African Americans very large buttocks."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4556148/

Caucasian & East Asian women are mostly similar, only African-American women in the following study thought large buttocks were beautiful.

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/IJCST-11-2015-0128?journalCode=ijcst

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Nefertiti’s booty,