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No difference between Egyptians and Nubians?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] The culture of the Nile Valley flowed from South to North. Making this artificial cultural entity called "Nubia" is designed to obfuscate and confuse people about this fact. Earliest graves found in Sudan, not "Egypt": [QUOTE] Prehistoric Burials in Ancient Egypt Paleolithic Burials The oldest known skeleton in Ancient Egypt was discovered in a burial site referred to as Taramsa 1, close to the Temple of Hathor at Dendera. The body of an "anatomically modern" child was found which was dated to around 55,000 years ago (Pleistocene Age). The body was seated, with its legs bend to the left, leaning backwards in an east-west orientation. The head was looking up to the east, the left arm resting on the pelvis and the right arm behind the back. Although numerous blades, shards and flakes were also found in the grave, they are not thought to be burial gifts. Nazlet Khater (an Upper Palaeolithic site near Tahata in Upper Egypt) is the site of the oldest known underground mine in Ancient Egypt. Close to the mine archaeologists discovered two graves tentatively dated to 30,000 – 35,000 BC. One grave was in a very poor state, but in the other the body was clearly placed on its back, knees bent, head tilted to face the west. The left arm rested on the pelvis, the right stretched along the body. A bifacially shaped axe had been carefully placed at the bottom of the grave close to the head. [b]Qadan burials dating to between 14,000 and 12,000 (late Paleolithic) have been excavated at Gebel Sahaba (near Wadi Halfa in Lower Nubia). Bodies, a large number of which showed signs of violence and many of whom were buried in mass graves, were semi-contracted (where the body is placed in a foetal position) on their left sides with heads facing east. They were interred in pits covered with large sandstone slabs. Near contemporary burials at Wadi Tuskka (north of Abu Simbel) were marked by the placement of cattle skulls.[/b][/QUOTE] https://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/prehistoricburials.html Note the bolded part. There was no Egypt in 14,000 BC. So these burials weren't "Egyptian" and if anything they were in the areas called "Nubian"..... Not to mention: [QUOTE] [b]In the process of reconstructing the evolution of these societies, a great contribution has been provided by another important group of sites located just north of the Sudanese-Egyptian border, in the Western Desert of Egypt, 100 km west of the II Cataract: the areas of Nabta playa and Kiseiba, thoroughly investigated by the Combined Prehistoric Expedition starting in the 1980s (Wendorf et al. 1980, 1984; Wendorf and Associates 2001). During the Early-Middle Holocene, these areas gravitated toward the Khartoum Variant cultural sphere (Gatto 2002, 2006; Usai 2004, 2005, 2008a), and they more or less correspond to the northernmost zone of the spread of the pottery-bearing hunter-gatherer-fishers of the Nile valley. Beyond this border a different situation has been described (Vermeersch 1978; Vermeersch et al. 2015).[/b] [b]Currently, the beginning of the Mesolithic can be pushed back to ~9000 BC (Honegger 2012, 2013), and these oldest phases have been recognized at Nabta/Kiseiba and Kerma areas.[/b] Meanwhile, the oldest phase recorded in central Sudan, at Al Khiday, dates to about ~7000 BC. Along the Nile stretch separating these two regions, sites where similar ancient dates have been recorded are located at the Nile-Atbara confluence (Haaland and Magi 1995) and north of Khartoum, at Sarourab (Khabir 1987). Unfortunately, these ancient dates are not associated with discrete archaeological deposits or contexts (Salvatori 2012; Usai 2014). The sites of the Kerma area, Al Khiday and Nabta/Kiseiba, bear strong similarities in settlement structure and organization. Moreover, and more relevant, the establishment of a village with organized internal spaces coincides chronologically to roughly 7000 BC. At Nabta Playa and Al Khiday the village shows a similar plan with semisubterranean huts and pits. At Al Khiday, however, the functional areas with pits seem more complex, and pits with different fills corresponding to different functions are located in separate zones. At Al Khiday 2 most pits were filled with ash or mixed ash-sand deposits with burned stones and relevant amount of archaeological material; more rarely these pits have darker sandy-clay deposits and are rich in articulated faunal remains. Conversely, the last pit typology is very common at Al Khiday 2B, where the fill becomes more clayish and faunal remains in anatomical connections are the most common find. These numerous features, presently under analytical study for chemical, mineral, and microbotanical content tracing, suggest that the group occupied the area almost continuously. Some break in this continuity may have caused the physical and mnemonic destruction of spatial organization, and this may have caused the observed stratigraphic situation, with pits cutting each other. A small chronological difference could be established by pottery analysis, a difference that, unfortunately, cannot as easily be established with a wide series of radiocarbon dates based on terrestrial shells, mainly of the Pila species. This evidence seems to indicate a more sedentary lifestyle in comparison with the earliest occupation phase. The more ancient levels recorded at Al Khiday are characterized by more ephemeral living structures, with post-holes and fireplaces in low depressions. A similar situation is recorded at Nabta/Kiseiba, while for the Kerma region it is not yet possible to measure any such change.[/QUOTE] http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935413-e-56 The earliest sites of settlement and human activity along the Nile are all in areas between Upper Egypt and Lower Sudan. Precisely the areas of the so-called "Nubians". Yet none of these studies of "Nubia" seem to point this out, because most of these "Nubian" archaeological remains are based on arbitrary and broken up archaeological time periods that were made up by Reisner, such as "A-Group" and "C-Group". There is a long gap in the archaeological record between the "A-Group" and "C-Group" yet they are still called "Nubians". Why if there is such a long gap and differences between the two periods in terms of artifacts? And if they can lump those together why not lump in the older settlements from the same region as Nubian as well? All an arbitrary made up scheme to distort the facts rather than elucidate. In fact, contrary to the opinions of many, the site at Jebel Sahaba is still used to prop up racist fantasies about the ancient Nile Valley to this very day. [QUOTE] Now British Museum scientists are planning to learn more about the victims themselves – everything from gender to disease and from diet to age at death. The discovery of dozens of previously undetected arrow impact marks and flint arrow fragments suggests that the majority of the individuals – men, women and children – in the Jebel Sahaba cemetery were killed by enemy archers, and then buried by their own people. What’s more, the new research demonstrates that the attacks – in effect a prolonged low-level war – took place over many months or years. [b]Parallel research over recent years has also been shedding new light as to who, in ethnic and racial terms, these victims were.[/b] [/QUOTE]Why? Why is there a mystery about the "ethnic/racial" identity of 13 thousand year old remains in Africa? Seriously? [QUOTE] Work carried out at Liverpool John Moores University, the University of Alaska and New Orleans’ Tulane University indicates that they were part of the general sub-Saharan originating population – the ancestors of modern Black Africans. [/QUOTE]What else would you expect? Why are they making it seem as if ancient burials in Africa would be anything other than black Africans. [QUOTE] The identity of their killers is however less easy to determine. But it is conceivable that they were people from a totally different racial and ethnic group – part of a North African/ Levantine/European people who lived around much of the Mediterranean Basin. [/QUOTE]Meaning this is all bull sh*t. They are speculating and making up a "racial" difference between those that died and those that killed them with [b]NO EVIDENCE[/b]. So they are pushing this racial view of history, not the facts on the ground. And this is why they created "ancient Nubia". [QUOTE] The two groups – although both part of our species, Homo sapiens – would have looked quite different from each other and were also almost certainly different culturally and linguistically. The sub-Saharan originating group had long limbs, relatively short torsos and projecting upper and lower jaws along with rounded foreheads and broad noses, while the North African/Levantine/European originating group had shorter limbs, longer torsos and flatter faces. Both groups were very muscular and strongly built. [/QUOTE]What remains are they referring to. At this point this is all just them putting European populations in Africa with no real evidence and promoting "race war". Why are no other ancient cemetaries anywhere else on earth labeled as "race war" except this one? Ooh, this is the Nile Valley and they have to put Europeans in there as the basis for the first civilization on the planet. Of course it couldn't be the indigenous black folks. [QUOTE] Certainly the northern Sudan area was a major ethnic interface between these two different groups at around this period. Indeed the remains of the North African/Levantine/European originating population group has even been found 200 miles south of Jebel Sahaba, thus suggesting that the arrow victims were slaughtered in an area where both populations operated. What’s more, the period in which they perished so violently was one of huge competition for resources – for they appear to have been killed during a severe climatic downturn in which many water sources dried up, especially in summer time. [/QUOTE]Again, where is the evidence of these other "European" populations? No evidence for it, yet they go on and on making up racial distinctions where there is no evidence for any. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/saharan-remains-may-be-evidence-of-first-race-war-13000-years-ago-9603632.html So nothing really has changed since the time of George Reisner. There has never been a "racial" difference between populations in Upper Egypt and Lower Sudan. This is all made up bull sh*t promoted by archaeologists. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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