Study: Prejudice Could Cost A Black Worker Thousands
ScienceDaily (Dec. 23, 2008) — A recent study in the Journal of Political Economy sheds light on the role racial prejudice plays in the wage gap between whites and blacks in the U.S.
Prejudice accounts for approximately one-quarter of the racial wage gap, costing a black worker up to $115,000 over a lifetime depending upon where he or she lives, according to study authors Kerwin Kofi Charles from the Harris School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago and Jonathan Guryan from Chicago's Booth School of Business.
Educational inequality, differences in workers' skill levels and other forms of discrimination likely account for the rest of the gap, the authors say.
Charles and Guryan used statistical models to test the extent to which wage gaps in each U.S. state vary according to levels of prejudice. Levels of prejudice were determined by a series of surveys conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. In the surveys, white people were asked their views on issues like interracial marriage, whites-only private clubs, neighborhood segregation and whether or not they would vote for a black president.
The result was a fairly robust correlation between wage gaps and prejudice.
"Though prejudice explains only a minority—albeit a significant one—of the black-white wage gap, the costs borne by blacks ... are large," the researchers write. "Consider an 18-year-old black male choosing between two states…. Our estimates imply that if he lives in Florida rather than Massachusetts … the net present value of his [lifetime] earnings will be about $34,000 smaller. If he lives in Mississippi rather than Wisconsin … his discounted earnings are about $115,000 smaller."
The researchers found that wage gaps vary significantly according to the level of prejudice reported by the least prejudiced people in each state. Where the least prejudiced people hold more prejudice, wage gaps are higher.
Why are the least prejudiced people the ones that determine wage gaps?
In his seminal 1957 work The Economics of Discrimination, Nobel Prize-winning economist Gary Becker offered an answer. He theorized that the least prejudiced should be the ones who determine black wages because they are most likely to employ black people. The most prejudiced would either refuse to hire blacks, or pay them so little that blacks would naturally gravitate to less prejudiced employers.
Charles and Guryan's study is the first to offer empirical support for Becker's model. Not only did they find that the least prejudiced have a strong influence on wage gaps, levels of prejudice among the average and most prejudiced have no influence whatsoever.
"This is precisely as the Becker model predicts," the researchers write.
Adapted from materials provided by University of Chicago Press Journals, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. Email or share this story: Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the following formats: APA
posted
the problem in wage disparity has almost nothing to do with racism. It is caused by an almost complete breakdown of the black community in many areas. Broken homes, anti intellectualism, the rap culture, drug addiction etc all contribute to lack of educational preformance. The black community could do much to solve their own problems.
Posts: 2069 | From: Texas | Registered: Sep 2008
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You're absolutely right! The US job market is the worst form of Racism in existence. It is the primary reason there is no such thing as the illusionary counterattack, Whites like to promote and some confused blacks like to propagate the false reality of, Reverse Racism. Economic empowerment denial is the number 1 tool in white Amerikkka's racism tool chest.
George Bush Jr. is the perfect example of how the system operates in microcosm. White family fortunes were made in the age of blatant discrimination such as the Bush Family fortune being made in assisting Nazi Germany. Now come Bush, Jr., one of the most ignorant people you ever want to meet. However, no matter how ignorant he is, his father, with the ill gotten wealth of his father is able to set Junior up in multiple businesses, which in his ignorance, all of which, he manages to run in the ground, exactly as he has done to the US economy.
Wall Street, a business 98% white system runs on this same formula. They insist they only hire the most qualified, but as we see, these ignorants managed to bankrupt the whole country because they were hired by their white fathers, uncles and aunts in spite of being some of the stupidest people on the planet.
For blacks to expect any form of fair play from these barbarians is akin to expecting charitable blessings from Satan. It just ain't gonna happen.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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Egmond, When 70% of black children are born out of wedlock, when 12% of the population makes up 65 % of the prison inmates and blacks lead the nation in high school drop out rates how in the hell do you think they are going to be able to compete in the job market. Racism has nothing to do with it.
Posts: 2069 | From: Texas | Registered: Sep 2008
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quote:Originally posted by TheAmericanPatriot: Egmond, When 70% of black children are born out of wedlock, when 12% of the population makes up 65 % of the prison inmates and blacks lead the nation in high school drop out rates how in the hell do you think they are going to be able to compete in the job market. Racism has nothing to do with it.
Why the hell do you dare to speak to me directly? You know I do not like your postings. Do you want to spoil my fun on egyptsearch? Just who are you anyway, what happened to you to make you such a caricature. I imagine you a wino, dressed in rags, living in some rat-infested dump after you were kicked out of the mansion or some divorce of a wife who you bugged to death. You and that fucked up soldier are just two of a kind. Now go and straighten out your life, throw out the beer cans and pizza boxes, and live! You cannot blame the blacks or the illegal Latino’s that you messed up and feel shitty. Jesus, or whoever the hell you believe in, loves you too.
Posts: 5454 | From: Holland | Registered: Aug 2008
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I would say that all you men forget about who really is the most discriminated against-women. This is the one thing you men all have in common-the blatant discrimination towards women across the globe by men of all nationalities,color and race..
Im personally sick of hearing men cry discrimination when in reality women are the most discriminated against group of people on this planet, regardless of color, its all the same.You all try to keep women down, mentally and economically, it doesnt matter what color man you are you are all guilty of profiling and discrimination!!!
All of you men stop your whining and understand who are the real victims of hundreds of years of oppression -Women!! Posts: 1121 | From: Too crazy to look at a freakin map to find out.. | Registered: Sep 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Rumicrazieluv: I would say that all you men forget about who really is the most discriminated against-women. This is the one thing you men all have in common-the blatant discrimination towards women across the globe by men of all nationalities,color and race..
Im personally sick of hearing men cry discrimination when in reality women are the most discriminated against group of people on this planet, regardless of color, its all the same.You all try to keep women down, mentally and economically, it doesnt matter what color man you are you are all guilty of profiling and discrimination!!!
All of you men stop your whining and understand who are the real victims of hundreds of years of oppression -Women!!
It's not our fault you're all crazy in the vagina!! Posts: 6335 | From: Straight to my heart. | Registered: Sep 2007
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quote:Originally posted by Rumicrazieluv: I would say that all you men forget about who really is the most discriminated against-women. This is the one thing you men all have in common-the blatant discrimination towards women across the globe by men of all nationalities,color and race..
Im personally sick of hearing men cry discrimination when in reality women are the most discriminated against group of people on this planet, regardless of color, its all the same.You all try to keep women down, mentally and economically, it doesnt matter what color man you are you are all guilty of profiling and discrimination!!!
All of you men stop your whining and understand who are the real victims of hundreds of years of oppression -Women!!
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The way the world is going you guys will hope these women bother to give you a job, much less bring you a beer.
Posts: 2069 | From: Texas | Registered: Sep 2008
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quote:Originally posted by TheAmericanPatriot: The way the world is going you guys will hope these women bother to give you a job, much less bring you a beer.
Prophet of doom ?
Posts: 6335 | From: Straight to my heart. | Registered: Sep 2007
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quote:Originally posted by Egmond Codfried: Racism is wasteful and illogical.
I disagree, the above depends on context. In the long term? Yes. But racism threw morals out the window and pushed for white "supremacy" at all costs. What use are morals when they're in the way of someone's money?
Wasteful, I don't think anyone could argue against that ever but during the slave days they did usually make 300%-1000% increase in gains when they turned to African servants so anyone can see where the greedy bastards got their incentive to make the legal arguement that Africans were not morally meant to go free.
They took it about as far as it would go, looked the other way until our grandparents and great grandparents died, and then ... haven't looked back since - so why should we?Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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The study's conclusions look shaky. Of coruse prejudice will account for SOME of thje wage gap. That is a given. Prejudice against fat women for example denies them higher paying jobs in certain corporate offices which may all be filled with more attractive, slimmer types. Prejudice AT SOME LEVEL will always be, and has been on the job market. The weakness of the study is its attempt to quantify prejudice based on shaky opinion surveys.
right off the bat a fallacy can be spotted:
"Consider an 18-year-old black male choosing between two states…. Our estimates imply that if he lives in Florida rather than Massachusetts … the net present value of his [lifetime] earnings will be about $34,000 smaller. If he lives in Mississippi rather than Wisconsin … his discounted earnings are about $115,000 smaller."
This is hardly strong evidence. Much more relevant is the economic standing of the state in question. Masschusetts has a lot higher wage level that Florida, and Wisconsin has higher wages than Mississippi, along with more higher paying jobs. Right off the bat, the black guy in Mass and Wisconsin is gonna be making more money, even if all the "prejudice" in the world disappeared. A more apt comparison would be WITHIN state comparisons.
Also comparisons have to be made on the same skill level and education parameters. Comparing the earnings of a black engineer to a black social worker is dubious because typically the market pays engineers a lot more. All this is common sense.
As to: "He theorized that the least prejudiced should be the ones who determine black wages because they are most likely to employ black people."
This too is shaky. Actually what is more relevant in determining black wages is skill level, education and geographic location. A black guy in an urbanized area is gonna typically be making more money than a black guy in a rural area. Government regulation is another factor. To get a first-class taxi cab license in NY is over $70,000 and even that doesnt guarantee acquisition to a deliberately limited number of such licenses. By contrast, in DC or Philly, a black guy can more easily afford the bureaucratic costs and own his own cab. Which area is likely to have black drivers making more money? The stifling bureaucratic location or the more affordable one? That is Economics 101.
Black folk's wage levels are a lot more significantly determined by such factors. So is prejudice a factor? Of course. No one can dispute that. The key question is how significant a factor? This study is shaky on that count. There are a lot more relevant variables that opinion surveys of prejudice.
Posts: 73 | From: Bolville | Registered: Nov 2008
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I would say that all you men forget about who really is the most discriminated against-women. This is the one thing you men all have in common-the blatant discrimination towards women across the globe by men of all nationalities,color and race..
Im personally sick of hearing men cry discrimination when in reality women are the most discriminated against group of people on this planet, regardless of color, its all the same.You all try to keep women down, mentally and economically, it doesnt matter what color man you are you are all guilty of profiling and discrimination!!!
All of you men stop your whining and understand who are the real victims of hundreds of years of oppression -Women!!
I agree that women have often felt the brunt of discrimination in some guise or another, but...whatever may be said about constitutional amendment particulars, I could have sworn that Blacks, both male and female, were the more discriminated group when it came to invariably exercising their voting rights *in all states*, than White women [once the oft spoken of 1920 amendment gave women in all states freedom to exercise their voting rights] for instance, particularly at the height of racialist-driven violence, and notoriously in the jim crow era. After all, wasn't say, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that for, i.e. to ensure Blacks could fully exercise their voting rights in all states?
Posts: 7516 | From: Somewhere on Earth | Registered: Jan 2008
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^ Don't forget Black WOMEN who were even made to breast feed white women's snotty nosed children, cook, clean the house while white women sat on the porch drinking mint juleps. AT night, White men abandoned that white wives, snuck into the slave quarters to rape black women. It was white men who denied white women the right to vote. It was white men who denied white women the right to even drive a car. Also, a great deal of white women were southern slave owners, and many a black man was hung by the neck from a tree simply because some white women whined that she saw him staring at her. See the hanging of the little black boy Emmett Till.
Perhaps this is why White women have some a hate for white men which ultimately created the feminist movement.
White woman fetching her run-away slave from the sheriff's jail house.
LOL, she staring at the brother like he's a pork chop. Probably thinking, Just wait until tonight you black bistard! You got some overtime to put in. LOL
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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I would say that all you men forget about who really is the most discriminated against-women. This is the one thing you men all have in common-the blatant discrimination towards women across the globe by men of all nationalities,color and race..
Im personally sick of hearing men cry discrimination when in reality women are the most discriminated against group of people on this planet, regardless of color, its all the same.You all try to keep women down, mentally and economically, it doesnt matter what color man you are you are all guilty of profiling and discrimination!!!
All of you men stop your whining and understand who are the real victims of hundreds of years of oppression -Women!!
I agree that women have often felt the brunt of discrimination in some guise or another, but...whatever may be said about constitutional amendment particulars, I could have sworn that Blacks, both male and female, were the more discriminated group when it came to invariably exercising their voting rights *in all states*, than White women [once the oft spoken of 1920 amendment gave women in all states freedom to exercise their voting rights] for instance, particularly at the height of racialist-driven violence, and notoriously in the jim crow era. After all, wasn't say, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that for, i.e. to ensure Blacks could fully exercise their voting rights in all states?
To which I would add that women are doing pretty good in the marketplace. The much ballyhooed "wage gap" is primarily caused by hours worked, occupational speciality and marital status not any vile male conspiracies. When apples are compared to apples- same or close- same occupation, same number of years of experience, same job classification, same number of hours worked per week- there is no wage gap of any significance. White women in particular are doing well.
In fact, women have already overtaken men educationally on college campuses and the trend looks to continue in the years ahead. Its males who are in trouble today, particularly young black males not fmales despite a lot of spin put out by white femminists and their allies. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec02/college.html
Indeed, some analysts see women poised to do a lot better than men during the economic downturn. Government and other white collar jobs appear to be a lot better protected than so-called "male" occupations, according to the article below. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/business/06women.html?_r=2&th&emc=th
Black women are doing well also, with the wage gap between them and white women much narrower than between black men and white men. In fact black women on some counts earn more than white women.
“Consider that while black men on average earn substantially less than white men, black women at all levels of education earn about the same as white women with comparable credentials. Remarkably, black women with college degrees earn more than white women with college degrees.” (The Economic Status of Black Women, An Exploratory Investigation, Staff Report, U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, Washington D. C. 1990) (continued) “This result directly contradicts to the theory of discrimination which holds that black women are subject to the ‘double jeopardy’ of both racism and sexism.”
Racism is still a problem, but it's not women in trouble these days, it's the brothers, despite white feminist spin.
Posts: 73 | From: Bolville | Registered: Nov 2008
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: Perhaps this is why White women have some a hate for white men which ultimately created the feminist movement.
Whatever the reasons that "they" created the feminist movement, said feminists are continually putting out the story that women are in so much trouble, when in fact its men, black men in particular that are in trouble. In the 1980s and 1990s they spun this whole mythology alleging that shocking doom and gloom was befalling women, when in fact women were advancing both absolutely and relatively to men on the educational and occupational fronts. That is why today a majority of college attendees and graduats are women for example.
Posts: 73 | From: Bolville | Registered: Nov 2008
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: Perhaps this is why White women have some a hate for white men which ultimately created the feminist movement.
Whatever the reasons that "they" created the feminist movement, said feminists are continually putting out the story that women are in so much trouble, when in fact its men, black men in particular that are in trouble. In the 1980s and 1990s they spun this whole mythology alleging that shocking doom and gloom was befalling women, when in fact women were advancing both absolutely and relatively to men on the educational and occupational fronts. That is why today a majority of college attendees and graduats are women for example.
A True Dat! The movement was headed by Jewish women who are now heading the feminist movements and in charge of many portions of America. These Jewish Feminist are who control and run the Oprah show and why Oprah promotes no blacks other then those deemed to be "Jewish" friendly like Obama. Due to this, you will never, ever see Oprah endorse any true black scholarship. These Jewish female controllers wont allow it.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by carambolas: The study's conclusions look shaky. Of coruse prejudice will account for SOME of thje wage gap. That is a given. Prejudice against fat women for example denies them higher paying jobs in certain corporate offices
I didn't like the way it sounded either at first. And you forgot short people. Check out the statistics and studies on that (being biased against short people is something we never think about or think is silly but it's very real -- people think of them as having less integrety, less ability and more fiendish and it has a serious impact on careers).
Statistics kind of add shocking reinforcement to our knowledge of just how biased people can be. Malcom Gladwell spoke of a study done on car dealerships where when they sent the Ivy League College grads out glaring disparities in the deals showed up based on race, that they couldn't get rid of no matter what they did (nothing they could think of could get the black clients a deal anywhere in the ball park of the white clients).
That said talking about prejudice doesn't really offer a solution other than awareness. Even people like "Professor" have a point:
quote:Egmond, When 70% of black children are born out of wedlock, when 12% of the population makes up 65 % of the prison inmates and blacks lead the nation in high school drop out rates how in the hell do you think they are going to be able to compete in the job market. Racism has nothing to do with it.
Before too many forumers raise a brow I'd like to say that I'm aware that his post was lame for a number of reasons.
It does however place the onus on black moral intelligence. Anti-black racism apart from reinforcing social dichotomies is basically a mechanism for projecting white guilt onto blacks. Guilt for savagery is absolved and converted into guilt on another group for being in that group. Guilt of course, psychologically calls for sacrifice of some sort, or sacrifice of another.
Instead of playing their childish blame games that get no one no where we should dissolve the guilt all together.
Guilt for being black manifests as blacks seeing themselves in a morally incompetent light, this is evidenced in frustrated anti-intellectual and delinquent behaviors. Trying to project guilt back on to what is seen as the "white perpetraiters" doesn't help people who have naturally through their time in America psychologically developed insubordinative dispositions (though this has constantly been pressured against), and second, is futile in the face of a simple question: "what are ya gonna do about it?". Blame whites?
It's insulting as it implies that *we* need *them* to help "us" do anything when "we" did the major helping in the first place.
Instead of passing on this socially passed on psychological disease that seems to manifest as violence in just about every group of people that the white Christians met in violence, we've got to set a tone of pro-action: trust, cooperation, forgiveness, and progress, etc.
The Jews have done it.
Not to imply that non-whites have never had good moral code - back in the motherland many proud people had them, just not the guns.
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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Max, White liberals may feel guilty about the past, most of us do not. I am not responsible for what others have done in previous generations nor can blacks today claim any advantage from what happeneded to their ancestors.
Posts: 2069 | From: Texas | Registered: Sep 2008
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meninarmer, I have been so distraught over your situation of the double disadvantage you have from having both black skin and a penis. While pondering what can be done to ease the pain you experience from discrimination I think I have come up with a solution.
I have an African friend in Ghana who I have been friends with for about four years. I know that he would love to trade places with you. It is a win, win solution. You get to be in a country where you will not be discriminated against because of your race and he gets to come to America.
Let me know when you would like to meet him and I will gladly introduce you. I might forewarn that he may not have much sympathy for your situation, non the less I am sure he will welcome your friendship as well as your offer to change places.
He is a dear friend to me and I will be glad to help him get situated here. Posts: 3891 | From: No good deed goes unpunished. | Registered: May 2007
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meninarmer just wants a handout and an excuse. Obama is President of the United States thus the excuses are gone.
Posts: 2069 | From: Texas | Registered: Sep 2008
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quote:Originally posted by of_gold: meninarmer, I have been so distraught over your situation of the double disadvantage you have from having both black skin and a penis.
LOL Gold. A penis in no more advantageous then a pus...vagina. In fact, between the two, it's women who have the real power. It's women who birth and bring babies into the world. The bond they have with each other is well beyond that a man has with the child throughout their lives. As a man, when I think of my parents, I think of my mother first and my father second.
Don't get me wrong. I'm not saying I'm not thrilled with the magnificent appendage God has gifted me with. I'm just saying sometimes having a penis isn't as all-powerful as it's cracked up to be.
Look at American Patriot. Having one has made absolutely no difference in his life. For him it's been as worthless as a ball of ear wax. He may as well be a eunuch since for him it's as useful as an ear lobe.
AP The Computer Guy at Texas mansion Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by of_gold: meninarmer, I have been so distraught over your situation of the double disadvantage you have from having both black skin and a penis. While pondering what can be done to ease the pain you experience from discrimination I think I have come up with a solution.
I have an African friend in Ghana who I have been friends with for about four years. I know that he would love to trade places with you. It is a win, win solution. You get to be in a country where you will not be discriminated against because of your race and he gets to come to America.
Let me know when you would like to meet him and I will gladly introduce you. I might forewarn that he may not have much sympathy for your situation, non the less I am sure he will welcome your friendship as well as your offer to change places.
He is a dear friend to me and I will be glad to help him get situated here.
LOL
I'll personally take meinarmer to the airport and carry his bags if he accepts your offer! Posts: 370 | From: Other side of reality | Registered: Dec 2006
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He thinks he is cute but it is a worn out stick. His problem is that he hates being black. That is almost always the case with these loud mouth black radical types. It is actually a form of self loathing.
Posts: 2069 | From: Texas | Registered: Sep 2008
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^ LOL, that reminds me of my military time when once a white girl approached me and started a conversation. Being polite, I replied until soon a white boy major from Alabama runs up to me and asks me if I was flirting with his wife. Of course not, I calmly replied. He got all red in the face and said, you better not be and walked away in a huff. She laughed and said, Don't mind him. What cha doing tonight? You gonna be at the officers club? I laughed. As above, women are always trying to help me out. LOL
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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We can't help it meninarmer, it's the "Florence Nightingale Effect".
We women are natural care takers and when we see a man who is so weak and vulnerable we pity him so, that we want to do all we can to help.
-------------------- "Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts." (Sign hanging in Einstein's office at Princeton) Leap and the Net will Appear. Posts: 3891 | From: No good deed goes unpunished. | Registered: May 2007
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^ Ahhhh, I see. I was wondering how American P became such a playa playa.
Guess I'll take your advice and visit GMC and try and bulk up. Ya'll Nightingales are wearing me out!
Horoscope: Sagittarius Nov 22 - Dec 21 It might not be today, and it might not be tomorrow, but you'll soon come to regret staging a pie-eating contest to select a new wife.
Republicans are like a wad of filthy chewing gum stuck to teh bottom of your boot on a 90 degree summer day. You try your best to scape the wad of goop off, but there is always some left there trying to stick your foot to the ground.
WASHINGTON--Honoring one of the longest-standing rituals in American history, former presidents Jimmy Carter, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush assembled in the nation's capital last week to witness the new first couple's christening of the White House bed. "Today, the torch is passed unto a new generation," ex-president Carter said while ceremoniously peering through the Jefferson Blinds. "On this most hallowed eve, we commemorate our forebears, from General Washington to Ford, each of them a testament to fortitude, self-sacrifice, and endurance. Please pass the binoculars." Sources said the service lasted approximately 20 minutes from start to finish, and was the most exciting bedchamber christening since Frank Sinatra filled in for Ronald Reagan.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Rumicrazieluv: I would say that all you men forget about who really is the most discriminated against-women. This is the one thing you men all have in common-the blatant discrimination towards women across the globe by men of all nationalities,color and race..
Im personally sick of hearing men cry discrimination when in reality women are the most discriminated against group of people on this planet, regardless of color, its all the same.You all try to keep women down, mentally and economically, it doesnt matter what color man you are you are all guilty of profiling and discrimination!!!
All of you men stop your whining and understand who are the real victims of hundreds of years of oppression -Women!!
All you men? All you men! Well, excuse me dear, but you are not sounding rational.
Posts: 5454 | From: Holland | Registered: Aug 2008
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quote:Originally posted by Rumicrazieluv: I would say that all you men forget about who really is the most discriminated against-women. This is the one thing you men all have in common-the blatant discrimination towards women across the globe by men of all nationalities,color and race..
Im personally sick of hearing men cry discrimination when in reality women are the most discriminated against group of people on this planet, regardless of color, its all the same.You all try to keep women down, mentally and economically, it doesnt matter what color man you are you are all guilty of profiling and discrimination!!!
All of you men stop your whining and understand who are the real victims of hundreds of years of oppression -Women!!
BBC Tuesday, 1 May 2007, 14:45 GMT 15:45 UK
Woman pimp lured girls with crack
A woman pimp has admitted luring girls as young as 12 into prostitution by getting them hooked on crack cocaine.
Fiona Walsh, 32, groomed them with clothes and other gifts before introducing them to Class A drugs.
Once they were addicted, she began offering them to customers at her home or in the streets, Inner London Crown Court was told.
Walsh, from Kilburn, west London, pleaded guilty to four counts of child prostitution and supplying drugs.
Trauma
She befriended the girls having met them while out shopping or through mutual acquaintances, the court heard.
We can only speculate on how many others [Walsh] successfully corrupted or tried to corrupt over the years
Det Supt Dave Eyles
Police believe up to five girls may have fallen into her clutches, all of whom ending up running away from home for up to two years.
One is undergoing psychiatric treatment.
Walsh changed her not guilty plea and admitted four charges on an 18-count indictment spanning nearly six years.
They were one count of causing a child to engage in sexual activity and supplying her with crack cocaine and attempting to procure a second youngster to have unlawful sexual intercourse and supplying her with hard drugs.
She pleaded guilty at an earlier hearing to conspiracy to supply class A substances while on remand in Holloway Prison.
Joanna Korner QC said the 13 outstanding allegations would be "left on the file".
Judge Roger Chapple told her a prison sentence was "inevitable". Walsh was remanded into custody until sentencing on 9 May.
Det Supt Dave Eyles said the girls' bravery in speaking out against Walsh was decisive in securing a guilty plea.
"Walsh preyed upon vulnerable young girls, befriending them, supplying them crack in return for sexual intercourse with men," she said.
"We can only speculate on how many others she successfully corrupted or tried to corrupt over the years." ====================================================================
Women on board Thursday 05 February 2009
Yesterday it emerged that the number of women in boardroom positions at the113 companies listed on the Amsterdam stock exchange was stuck at a paltry six.
This is of course a derisory figure given the amount of hot air which government ministers and corporate Holland has generated about equal opportunities and smashing glass ceilings.
But equality issues aside, you would think that shareholders would be jumping up and down screaming for more women on the board - simply because it makes good economic sense.
Last year, an Erasmus University researcher showed that the average return on shareholders' equity for firms with a woman on the board was 23.3%, compared with 13.7% for those bastions of the traditional grey suit.
EU competition commissioner and super-ambitious Dutchwoman Neelie Kroes has her own theories. She told the World Economic Forum in Davos last month she was ‘absolutely convinced’ that testosterone was one of the reasons the financial system had been brought to its knees.
‘In general terms, females are a bit less ego-driven and a bit more responsible than men,’ Kroes said.
So, given the current economic troubles, savvy companies should be flocking to pack their boards with female talent. Or shareholders should be demanding to know why they are not doing so.
Posts: 5454 | From: Holland | Registered: Aug 2008
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quote: !"LOL Gold. A penis in no more advantageous then a pus...vagina. In fact, between the two, it's women who have the real power. It's women who birth and bring babies into the world. The bond they have with each other is well beyond that a man has with the child throughout their lives. As a man, when I think of my parents, I think of my mother first and my father second."
Exactly my point. You are disadvantages by having one. You don't get the opportunity of devoting your whole existence to your children. In fact some men get to spend very little time enjoying the company of their children, a good example would be our presidents dad who got only one month to spend with his son during his childhood. That woman kept all the advantages for herself.
We are at an advantage because we can easily work from dawn to dusk then pick the kids up from daycare, head home to cook dinner, help with homework, bathe and tuck the little ones into bed. All with less pay that a man would typically make.
quote:"Guess I'll take your advice and visit GMC and try and bulk up. Ya'll Nightingales are wearing me out!
Precious one, this was not my advice and I don't think it will help your situation one iota. No amount of exercise can solve your disadvantage, you were cheated at birth, and you have every right to spend your life crying about it, and making sure that your children live feeling the same repression that you feel.
Thank you for opening my eyes to your terrible misfortune of being born a black man in America. Surly no one can understand the suffering that you experience. After all your great, great, grandad was a slave and you carry that mark with you always... Humor yourself if you must with physical exercises, but let me know when you want real help from your woes. As I said before, I have a friend in Ghana who would sacrifice himself so that you could experience what it feels like not to live under such discrimination. Posts: 3891 | From: No good deed goes unpunished. | Registered: May 2007
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BBC: Updated Wednesday, October 15, 2008 11:18 am TWN, dpa
Taiwan to accept sex-change woman as man
TAIPEI, Taiwan -- Taiwan, under pressure from gender-equality groups, plans to accept a woman who has undergone sex-change surgery as a man even if he doesn’t have a constructed penis, a newspaper said Tuesday. The Health Department made the compromise Monday after protests from gender-equality groups triggered by a recent Interior Ministry decree that said a woman must have a reconstructed penis if she wants the gender on her identification card changed, the China Times reported.
The Interior Ministry decree was based on a 2005 law that said that for a woman to change her gender with the government, she must receive evaluations from two psychiatrists, have her breasts and ovaries removed, have her urinary tract remade and a penis constructed.
Gender-equality groups complained, saying some women undergo sex-change surgery without getting a reconstructed urinary tract and penis because they cannot afford the 1-million-Taiwan-dollar (US$32,000) fee.
In response to the protests, the Health Department said Monday that it would recommend to the Interior Ministry that a woman should be defined as a man if she has undergone psychiatric evaluations and a sex-change operation, even if she has not received a reconstructed urinary tract and a penis.
Posts: 5454 | From: Holland | Registered: Aug 2008
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quote: !"LOL Gold. A penis in no more advantageous then a pus...vagina. In fact, between the two, it's women who have the real power. It's women who birth and bring babies into the world. The bond they have with each other is well beyond that a man has with the child throughout their lives. As a man, when I think of my parents, I think of my mother first and my father second."
Exactly my point. You are disadvantages by having one. You don't get the opportunity of devoting your whole existence to your children. In fact some men get to spend very little time enjoying the company of their children, a good example would be our presidents dad who got only one month to spend with his son during his childhood. That woman kept all the advantages for herself.
We are at an advantage because we can easily work from dawn to dusk then pick the kids up from daycare, head home to cook dinner, help with homework, bathe and tuck the little ones into bed. All with less pay that a man would typically make.
You are right, traditionally women have always performed in these roles more than men. Cooked, cleaned, bathed the babies. Today, is not yesterday. Gender roles have changed. Believe it or not, men have always been the better cooks. Most of the world's top chefs are men. I taught my wife to cook, and to make love as well.
In the US, Prison have now focused on incarcerating women. The increase in women incarcerated in the US over the last 2 years has increased by 55%. 75% of these incarcerated women have children, leaving them without a Mom.
I work with a YMCA group called, Dads As Parents, which helping fathers whose wives are missing from the home build networks essential to raising their children. There are approx. 80 fathers in the group who raising approx. 200 children between the ages of 2-16 years.
I couldn't afford to move away because, Father knows best.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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Our Own Worst Enemies: Unconscious Factors in Female Disadvantage
Jane Temperley
Introduction
There has been much discussion of the relevance of psychoanalysis to the position of women in our society. Analytic theory was attacked as representing a phallo-centric view of the world, a view peculiarly sinister for women since it claims that the bearer of the penis is regarded as superior, not just in the context of our transient cultural conditioning, but in the unconscious. To gain fulfilment as a woman, according to Freud, is to find compensations for the primary blow to the little girl's self regard, the realisation that she does not have a penis. These secondary compensations are found by turning to the father, and later to men in general, with the wish to receive a baby from them, which will, especially if it is male, compensate for the sense of deficiency caused by the girl's realisation that she is penis-less.
I think the feminists are right to be suspicious of Freud's view of the unique importance of the penis in our unconscious lives. It would sugge…………………
[This is a summary or excerpt from the full text of the book or article. The full text of the document is available to subscribers.]
Posts: 5454 | From: Holland | Registered: Aug 2008
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quote: Believe it or not, men have always been the better cooks. Most of the world's top chefs are men.
Men are better cooks because they do not menstruate as much as women do. In many cultures, even in 19th century western cultures, women (were) are banned from kitchens as not to frighten customers away. Cakes would not raise and preserved foods would go bad. Men even might loose the erectile function because of a drop of menstrual fluid in the food.
Posts: 5454 | From: Holland | Registered: Aug 2008
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posted
^ funny huh meninarmer. Women being thought of as unclean, and on top of it having blood pour from our body once a month, with all the aches associated with it.
quote:"You are right, traditionally women have always performed in these roles more than men. Cooked, cleaned, bathed the babies.
Really, today is not yesterday? It sure seems like yesterday when you talk about the black man.
FYI roles have changed, now woman go to work and come home and do all of the above while the man watches football. A good example is Thanksgiving... what a wonderful holiday. Woman in the kitchen cooking a feast while the men watch football.
I could be as miserable as you if I sat around dwelling on how unclean and taken for granted I am. Your gloom is contagious.
What Egmond is capible of doing which you are not is to look at history objectively. As a result he is viewed with respect because he comands respect. You on the other hand we can only feel sympathy for you because that is what you feel for yourself and protray.
Posts: 3891 | From: No good deed goes unpunished. | Registered: May 2007
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posted
^ Like Jesus, I don't talk for myself Gold, but for the 100s of millions who are are unable to talk for themselves and are trampled on by White supremacy. So far, all I've heard about injustice from you is that a black man once hit on you. How awful!!!
If I had a nickel for every time a white women hit on me I could donate a healthy sum to charity. LMAO!!!
LMAO, Egmond just said women are bad cooks because they bleed. Do you REALLY believe that? LOL!
Mammy began in slavery--or at least in the minds of slavery's defenders. She was idealized by the defenders of slavery and then segregation as evidence of the humanity of the system.
"Up to the age of ten we saw as much, perhaps more, of the mammy than of the mother...The mammy first taught us to lisp and to walk," wrote southerner Lewis Blair in 1889 in his tract, The Prosperity of the South Dependent Upon the Elevation of the Negro. How could they be cruel to blacks, defenders of the system asked, after having been "nursed at black breasts."
But not only slavery's defenders noticed Mammy's influence on language. Linguist J.L. Dillard argues that the southern accent is at base an African American accent and Mammy its prime mode of transmission. During his travels in the United States in 1842 Charles Dickens observed that the women he encountered in the South, "speak more or less like Negroes, from having been constantly in their childhood with black nurse."
On the plantation, Mammy bore a special relationship to the Mistress. As a surrogate for mother, she grew to share many of her idealized qualities--not least because the limits to the role of white women echoed those of black women in the quarters. The southern cult of Mama, which for instance fairly drips from classic country music, often extended to Mammy.
The Old South linked women and blacks, argued William Taylor in Cavalier and Yankee from the beginning. As early as 1836, plantation fiction such as that of Beverley Tucker drew a parallel. Tucker offered a list of the qualities women and blacks held in common: "their humility, their grateful affection, their self-renouncing loyalty, their subordination of the heart."
Later literature depicted Mammy sometimes as a kind of vicar of the white mistress and sometimes her shadow sister, an extension of the ideal of slavery's defenders. As Catherine Clinton wrote in The Plantation Mistress: Woman's World in the Old South, Mammy is "not merely a stereotype, but in fact a figment of the combined romantic imaginations of the contemporary southern ideologue and the modern southern historian." There are few records of Mammies who actually served, as the legend has it, as the Mistress's right hand, the administrative head of the plantation.
"Not until after emancipation did black women run white households or occupy in any significant number the special positions ascribed to them in folklore and fiction."
A complex a myth as she was, Mammy could not become a caricature until she left the plantation. The modern Mammy is a product of emancipation and industrialization. Mammy as commercial logotype was born along with Jim Crow, not on the plantation but in the cities and the railroad station and car. Black figures in packaging and advertising grew up in the 1890's, simultaneously with the arrival of full fledged Jim Crow laws in the South. This American apartheid, C.Vann Woodward showed, developed first in the north into a complex code of regulation and arrived in the South later. It reflected a more industrial and urban society, requiring more codified relationships than the traditionally enforced ones of the (by now ruined) plantation. As Jim Crow became institutionalized, so Mammy, Sambo and Golliwog became as firmly established in the firmament of entertainment and advertising as any licensed cartoon character of our own time. They were the Snoopys and Garfields of their era.
Mammy moved quickly into the new media of the twentieth century. In film, Mammy became a stock figure even before the arrival of the talkies. At last Mammy took the form of a real human being--if only an actress--and actresses brought a subtle, subversive sense of irony to the stock figure.
Mammy figured in the series of maids who played foil to Mae West and others--"Beulah, peel me a grape!" Mae cried to Hattie McDaniel in I'm No Angel. McDaniel, who also appeared as lookout and companion for Marlene Dietrich in Blonde Venus specialized in the funny, back talking roles, while Louise Beavers was more traditonally self-sacrificing. While McDaniel was a big woman, her weight flirting with three hundred pounds, Beavers was not. However rotound she appeared on screen, reports Donald Bogle, "it was a steady battle for her to stay overweight."
Beavers's most important Mammy role was as Aunt Delilah in Imitation of Life (1934). Delilah is a big screen shadow of Aunt Jemima. Her pancake recipe makes her employer rich, but she is not interested in wealth. In this strange and in many ways self serving vision of race as grappled with by white Hollywood--Beavers and the NAACP had to fight to have the word "nigger" deleted from the screenplay--Delilah accepts the world of racial division and her own secondary status while her light skinned daughter rejects not racial division but her race--and her mother at the same time. She attempts to "pass," breaking her mother's heart. Delilah ends up rejected and heartbroken and Mammy becomes a tragic figure. Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by TheAmericanPatriot: Max, White liberals may feel guilty about the past, most of us do not. I am not responsible for what others have done in previous generations nor can blacks today claim any advantage from what happeneded to their ancestors.
Good to know.
By the way: I don't totally associate white liberalism with guilt (it evenly cuts across both political divisions).
Like some conservatives some libs are just mislead I think. Idon't even reaaly believe that the politically Right-wing and politically Correct-wing are much other than distractions.
Both sides have some good qualities. They just get blinded byethical and philosophical ideoligies.
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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posted
well, all we can really do is pass laws creating a society of equality 'under the law.' We cannot assure outcomes and that is what some of these people want us to do.
Posts: 2069 | From: Texas | Registered: Sep 2008
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posted
^ Having to pass laws for creating equality is a surer sign of a sick and uncivilized society. One whose majority has basic incompetence at even manufacturing a simple jar of peanut butter.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by of_gold: Your gloom is contageous.
Speak for urself woman!
Trust me, the younger black generation (me included) seems to have evolved a psychological immunity to and deep seeded hatred of hearing too much of that "They smited us! Woe are we!" material. It seethes inside of our bones.
quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: ^ Having to pass laws for creating equality is a surer sign of a sick society. One whose majority has basic incompetence at even manufacturing a simple jar of peanut butter.
A mislead incompetent majority is what lead to the Rwanda and Holocaust situations.
I see much of America as better than that though. I think a good number of people with guns wouldn't stand for a police state genocide.
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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posted
^ Citizens with guns wouldn't stand a chance against the government, or do you really believe all of the government's development of sophisticated urban weaponry (using tax dollars, LOL) for the last 4 decades is meant to combat Al-Queda? US militia are deluding themselves if they believe otherwise, and average citizens like American Patriot have absolutely no training in such matters.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by MaximallyAbstract_Faith:
quote:Originally posted by meninarmer:
^ Having to pass laws for creating equality is a surer sign of a sick society. One whose majority has basic incompetence at even manufacturing a simple jar of peanut butter.
A mislead incompetent majority is what lead to the Rwanda and Holocaust situations.
It is not that simple. Under the Belgian authority, Tutsis were intensionally given preferential treatment in terms of socio-economic privileges, no doubt fermenting hostility amongst the more oppressed Hutu sections, until about the token "independence", and thereafter, when Hutu leadership came to power, the trend was reversed; with Tutsis getting the shorter end of socio-economic privilege. These hostilities would find expression in the unforgettable conflict that was to come. In a word; the conflicts are more an expression of *bitterness* from *actual* enforced socio-economic discrimination-policies of the authorities that be, rather than merely being misled via information propaganda.
Posts: 7516 | From: Somewhere on Earth | Registered: Jan 2008
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