Berbers are Africans. Both anthropologically and genetically. In fact E1b1b is an older African linage compared to E1b1a found in 80% of SSA. Meaning berber leneage have existed in Africa long before the classical SSA E1b1a.
I am not into linguistics but I understand AA is older than Niger-Kordafian? ...
and your retort is?
quote:Originally posted by Linda Fahr: Which berber is originally African native?
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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posted
So what are they hiding? So yDNA E is NOT associated with the Bantu Expansion. I just can’t get over these “unpublished data and personal communication”
------- Signatures of the Preagricultural Peopling Processes in Sub-Saharan Africa as Revealed by the Phylogeography of Early Y Chromosome Lineages -Chiara Batini,_,1,2 Gianmarco Ferri,
Quote: association with Bantu-speaking populations, as previously reported (see supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online; Beleza et al. 2005; Berniell-Lee et al. 2009). Within-clade variation suggests a more recent origin for B2a than B2b, whereas network analysis did not reveal population- specific or geographically localized STR-based clusters (supplementary fig. S1, Supplementary Material online). However, the relatively deep within-clade dating (6.1 [2.2–14] Kya) suggests a scenario possibly ***pre-dating ***the diffusion of Bantu languages, in line with what has been observed for some subclades of hg E (Montano V, Destro-Bisol G, Comas D, personal communication). Deeper phylogenetic resolution within the B2a clade, coupled with additional population sampling, may help to clarify the demographic dynamics associated with its dispersal.” ------
As I said there is no such thing as the Bantu Expansion from West Africa. None!
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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posted
The female lineage is also African. Haplotypes of mtDNA H found in Europe is a subset of Haplotypes found in Africa. Kefi et al 2014 and 2016? and "Pillars of Hercules" paper.
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: So a people's ancestry is only determined by the male DNA ?
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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posted
In case you did not get it. World renown Geneticist Dr Comas is secretly telling the author that yDNA subclade E is not reflective of the Bantu expansion. It never occurred. But he does that through “personal communication”.
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: So what are they hiding? So yDNA E is NOT associated with the Bantu Expansion. I just can’t get over these “unpublished data and personal communication”
------- Signatures of the Preagricultural Peopling Processes in Sub-Saharan Africa as Revealed by the Phylogeography of Early Y Chromosome Lineages -Chiara Batini,_,1,2 Gianmarco Ferri,
Quote: association with Bantu-speaking populations, as previously reported (see supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online; Beleza et al. 2005; Berniell-Lee et al. 2009). Within-clade variation suggests a more recent origin for B2a than B2b, whereas network analysis did not reveal population- specific or geographically localized STR-based clusters (supplementary fig. S1, Supplementary Material online). However, the relatively deep within-clade dating (6.1 [2.2–14] Kya) suggests a scenario possibly ***pre-dating ***the diffusion of Bantu languages, in line with what has been observed for some subclades of hg E (Montano V, Destro-Bisol G, Comas D, personal communication). Deeper phylogenetic resolution within the B2a clade, coupled with additional population sampling, may help to clarify the demographic dynamics associated with its dispersal.” ------
As I said there is no such thing as the Bantu Expansion from West Africa. None!
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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Dispersals and genetic adaptation of Bantu-speaking populations in Africa and North America
Etienne Patin1,2,3,*, Science 05 May 2017
Bantu languages are spoken by about 310 million Africans, yet the genetic history of Bantu-speaking populations remains largely unexplored. We generated genomic data for 1318 individuals from 35 populations in western central Africa, where Bantu languages originated. We found that early Bantu speakers first moved southward, through the equatorial rainforest, before spreading toward eastern and southern Africa. We also found that genetic adaptation of Bantu speakers was facilitated by admixture with local populations, particularly for the HLA and LCT loci. Finally, we identified a major contribution of western central African Bantu speakers to the ancestry of African Americans, whose genomes present no strong signals of natural selection. Together, these results highlight the contribution of Bantu-speaking peoples to the complex genetic history of Africans and African Americans.
We found a local excess of eastern African an- cestry in the LCT region of eBSPs, and the intro- gressed variants were those that also showed the strongest positive selection scores of the region [Fig. 3, B and E] [10]. Simulations indicated that the high frequency of these variants in eBSPs [up to 30% in the Bakiga eBSP and <1% in wBSPs] [fig. S13D and table S8] could not be explained by strong drift or continuous gene flow from eastern Africans [P < 0.0001] [fig. S17 and table S10]. These observations support a model in which eBSPs acquired the lactase persistence trait from eastern Africans [20] and illustrate that the rapid adaptation of human populations migrating to new environments can be facilitated by admix- ture with local populations.
Posts: 43078 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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posted
Most ethnic groups are patrilineal. West Africans and Bantu speaking tribes are also most patrilineal. That means your father's ethnic group is your ethnic group. So, your Father's Y chromosome does determine your ethnic group.
In most societies, today. We inherit our father's surname.
The main Bantu Family Language speakers' and West African Y chromosome DNA SNP is E1b1a.
Rameses and Pentawer were both E1b1a.
Perhaps, the Ancient Egyptians really were Negroes of the West African type. Perhaps, Moses and the Israelites were too.
These E1b1a Ancient Egyptians, may have voluntarily left or were pushed out of Kemet early in its history. That would explain alot of similarities between AE, Nubia and the rest of the continent.
Tribal wars, genocide and slavery may have targeted Negroes along the Nile River for centuries or millenia.
If you look at the mtDNA L sequences along the Nile River of people living today and compare them to test results of African descendants in the New World, you can see many EXACT MATCHES.
Often, genocide means killing off them and keeping the women for sex/marriage.
It is even a possibility that Negroes were enslaved in Egypt in the 1700's or 1800's and enslaved in the Americas. I read a story about I man who was enslaved in West Africa, brought to Nubia and Egypt for slavery and then sold to Russia as a slave, then ended up in the USA about 1867. Our ties to Egypt/Nubia may be closer that we can imagine, unfortunately.
Posts: 1115 | From: GOD Bless the USA | Registered: May 2006
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1. Great lakes to Southern Africa. 2. Luyha is instrumental
---- Unraveling the Population History of Indian Siddis Ranajit Das
The Siddis are a unique Indian tribe of African, South Asian, and European ancestry. While previous investigations have traced their ancestral origins to the Bantu populations from subSaharan Africa, the geographic localization of their ancestry has remained elusive. Here, we performed biogeographical analysis to delineate the ancestral origin of the Siddis employing an admixture based algorithm, Geographical Population Structure (GPS) . We evaluated the Siddi genomes in reference to five African populations from the 1000 Genomes project, two Bantu groups from the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP) and five South Indian populations. The Geographic Population Structure analysis localized the ancestral Siddis to Botsawana and its present-day northeastern border with Zimbabwe, overlapping with one of the principal areas of secondary Bantu settlement in southeast Africa. Our results further indicated that while the Siddi genomes are ****significantly ****diverged from that of the Bantus, they manifested the highest genomic proximity to the North-East Bantus and the Luhyas from Kenya. Our findings resonate with evidences supporting secondary Bantu dispersal routes that progressed southward from the east African Bantu center, in the interlacustrine region and likely brought the ancestral Siddis to settlement sites in south and southeastern Africa from where they were disseminated to India, by the Portuguese. We evaluated our results in the light of existing historical, linguistic and genetic evidences, to glean an improved resolution into the reconstruction of the distinctive population history of the Siddis, and advance our knowledge of the demographic factors that likely contributed to the contemporary Siddi genomes.
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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posted
Avoid using the Eurocentric term "tribe" which automatically confers. Europeans don't refer to their subnational groups as "tribes". Even the Gypsies are not referred to as a "tribe".
The same for the Eurocentric "sub-Saharan" Africa. It's pseudo-racist and nonsensical at the same time. Africans have always all over Africa. This idea is reinforced by the Arab colonial concept MENA(Middle East and North Africa) which the West willingly uses as is seeks to truncate Africa according to its geopolitical goals. At the same time, course, Arabs agree with this sanctifying of their colonial holdings.
Posts: 5492 | Registered: Nov 2004
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quote:Originally posted by xyyman: Again conformation of migration Route.
1. Great lakes to Southern Africa. 2. Luyha is instrumental
---- Unraveling the Population History of Indian Siddis Ranajit Das
The Siddis are a unique Indian tribe of African, South Asian, and European ancestry. While previous investigations have traced their ancestral origins to the Bantu populations from subSaharan Africa, the geographic localization of their ancestry has remained elusive. Here, we performed biogeographical analysis to delineate the ancestral origin of the Siddis employing an admixture based algorithm, Geographical Population Structure (GPS) . We evaluated the Siddi genomes in reference to five African populations from the 1000 Genomes project, two Bantu groups from the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP) and five South Indian populations. The Geographic Population Structure analysis localized the ancestral Siddis to Botsawana and its present-day northeastern border with Zimbabwe, overlapping with one of the principal areas of secondary Bantu settlement in southeast Africa. Our results further indicated that while the Siddi genomes are ****significantly ****diverged from that of the Bantus, they manifested the highest genomic proximity to the North-East Bantus and the Luhyas from Kenya. Our findings resonate with evidences supporting secondary Bantu dispersal routes that progressed southward from the east African Bantu center, in the interlacustrine region and likely brought the ancestral Siddis to settlement sites in south and southeastern Africa from where they were disseminated to India, by the Portuguese. We evaluated our results in the light of existing historical, linguistic and genetic evidences, to glean an improved resolution into the reconstruction of the distinctive population history of the Siddis, and advance our knowledge of the demographic factors that likely contributed to the contemporary Siddi genomes.
quote:Our knowledge of ancient human population structure in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly prior to the advent of food production, remains limited. Here we report genome-wide DNA data from four children—two of whom were buried approximately 8,000 years ago and two 3,000 years ago—from Shum Laka (Cameroon), one of the earliest known archaeological sites....However, the genome-wide ancestry profiles of all four individuals are most similar to those of present-day hunter-gatherers from western Central Africa, which implies that populations in western Cameroon today—as well as speakers of Bantu languages from across the continent—are not descended substantially from the population represented by these four people.
posted
And with the recent talks of E-M2 in southwest Egypt and the Sahel what are yall thoughts now?
Posts: 1909 | From: NY | Registered: Sep 2014
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posted
Keep in mind the aDNA has now confirmed that the classic E1b1a marker was absent in West Africa immediately prior to the Bantu Expansion from West Africa.
Meaning there were NO movement FROM West Africa...at least not E1b1a.
quote:Originally posted by Askia_The_Great: [Q]
quote:Our knowledge of ancient human population structure in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly prior to the advent of food production, remains limited. Here we report genome-wide DNA data from four children—two of whom were buried approximately 8,000 years ago and two 3,000 years ago—from Shum Laka (Cameroon), one of the earliest known archaeological sites....However, the genome-wide ancestry profiles of all four individuals are most similar to those of present-day hunter-gatherers from western Central Africa, which implies that populations in western Cameroon today—as well as speakers of Bantu languages from across the continent—are not descended substantially from the population represented by these four people.
Really starting to think more and more that the Bantus migrated from the Central Sahel. [/Q]
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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Exactly! Not sure why the Cameroon theory has not been dissected further. We are starting to realize more and more that West Africa especially Guinea-Forest West Africa was very recently populated.
And yes, the majority of Bantu speakers are E1b1a.
Posts: 1909 | From: NY | Registered: Sep 2014
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quote:Originally posted by Askia_The_Great: @xyyman
Exactly! Not sure why the Cameroon theory has not been dissected further. We are starting to realize more and more that West Africa especially Guinea-Forest West Africa was very recently populated.
And yes, the majority of Bantu speakers are E1b1a.
. This is because people have not read the archaeological literature that West Africa was not settled early because it was invaded by Tsetse fly.
.
.
That's why you see the population centered around the Nile until the Sahara became more arid and people moved Westward.
.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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posted
Ancient West African foragers in the context of African population history
Abstract Our knowledge of ancient human population structure in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly prior to the advent of food production, remains limited. Here we report genome-wide DNA data from four children—two of whom were buried approximately 8,000 years ago and two 3,000 years ago—from Shum Laka (Cameroon), one of the earliest known archaeological sites within the probable homeland of the Bantu language group1–11. One individual carried the deeply divergent Y chromosome haplogroup A00, which today is found almost exclusively in the same region12,13. However, the genome-wide ancestry profiles of ***all four **** individuals are most similar to those of present-day hunter-gatherers from western Central Africa, which implies that populations in western Cameroon today—as well as speakers of Bantu languages from across the continent—are not descended substantially from the population represented by these four people. We infer an Africa-wide phylogeny that features widespread admixture and three prominent radiations, including one that gave rise to at least four major lineages deep in the history of modern humans.
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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lol at this point scholars are just being lazy or just purposely delaying valuable information.
Posts: 1909 | From: NY | Registered: Sep 2014
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Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
posted
[Since this thread was broached before Jun2017]
I think Stro mentioned this report last season. I brushed it off cos the samples are too late to tell much of anything about last Pleistocene early to mid-Holocene W Afr or Tropical N Afr.
posted
I'm not sure this is relevant to the conversation going on here, but I thought it might be of some interest for people to know the history of the Chamba-Leko. My family is from Cameroon and we are descendants of the Chamba-Leko people-group who migrated to Cameroon from Sudan in the 1700s (which I think is much later than the time period being discussed here). I am not a linguist, but I do know that my brother has a traditional name of Nubia, which as far as I know, is a Northern Sudanese word for the country/people of Sudan.
I'm a new member and am sort of just jumping in, so I apologize if this post is too off topic. If this topic is of interest, please let me know and I will answer any questions I can!
Posts: 1 | From: United States | Registered: Dec 2020
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quote:Originally posted by bantu_babe: I'm not sure this is relevant to the conversation going on here, but I thought it might be of some interest for people to know the history of the Chamba-Leko. My family is from Cameroon and we are descendants of the Chamba-Leko people-group who migrated to Cameroon from Sudan in the 1700s (which I think is much later than the time period being discussed here). I am not a linguist, but I do know that my brother has a traditional name of Nubia, which as far as I know, is a Northern Sudanese word for the country/people of Sudan.
I'm a new member and am sort of just jumping in, so I apologize if this post is too off topic. If this topic is of interest, please let me know and I will answer any questions I can!
quote:Originally posted by bantu_babe: I'm not sure this is relevant to the conversation going on here, but I thought it might be of some interest for people to know the history of the Chamba-Leko. My family is from Cameroon and we are descendants of the Chamba-Leko people-group who migrated to Cameroon from Sudan in the 1700s (which I think is much later than the time period being discussed here). I am not a linguist, but I do know that my brother has a traditional name of Nubia, which as far as I know, is a Northern Sudanese word for the country/people of Sudan.
I'm a new member and am sort of just jumping in, so I apologize if this post is too off topic. If this topic is of interest, please let me know and I will answer any questions I can!
I think that your information about migrations from the Sudan are of upmost importance to the topic.. the time period does not matter..
What matters are the details.. since I believe that migrations form Sudan to Central Chad and Northern Nigeria where ongoing throughout history..
What is important if the documentation of oral histories.. if you can get them and write them down and even publish them this is the important work..
-------------------- It's not my burden to disabuse the ignorant of their wrong opinions Posts: 2731 | From: New York | Registered: Jun 2015
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quote:Originally posted by bantu_babe: I'm not sure this is relevant to the conversation going on here, but I thought it might be of some interest for people to know the history of the Chamba-Leko. My family is from Cameroon and we are descendants of the Chamba-Leko people-group who migrated to Cameroon from Sudan in the 1700s (which I think is much later than the time period being discussed here). I am not a linguist, but I do know that my brother has a traditional name of Nubia, which as far as I know, is a Northern Sudanese word for the country/people of Sudan.
I'm a new member and am sort of just jumping in, so I apologize if this post is too off topic. If this topic is of interest, please let me know and I will answer any questions I can!
Yes this is very relevant and valuable information there! It more verification of Niger-Congo speaking populations having an origin in the East. This example however is extremely recent relatively.
Posts: 160 | From: Ga | Registered: Jun 2020
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quote:Originally posted by bantu_babe: I'm not sure this is relevant to the conversation going on here, but I thought it might be of some interest for people to know the history of the Chamba-Leko. My family is from Cameroon and we are descendants of the Chamba-Leko people-group who migrated to Cameroon from Sudan in the 1700s (which I think is much later than the time period being discussed here). I am not a linguist, but I do know that my brother has a traditional name of Nubia, which as far as I know, is a Northern Sudanese word for the country/people of Sudan.
I'm a new member and am sort of just jumping in, so I apologize if this post is too off topic. If this topic is of interest, please let me know and I will answer any questions I can!
Welcome, and thanks for posting this contribution. It's important that we get indigenous people from these regions to talk about the history. So we can properly reconstruct (probably) what happened.
Posts: 22249 | From: Omni | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by bantu_babe: I'm not sure this is relevant to the conversation going on here, but I thought it might be of some interest for people to know the history of the Chamba-Leko. My family is from Cameroon and we are descendants of the Chamba-Leko people-group who migrated to Cameroon from Sudan in the 1700s (which I think is much later than the time period being discussed here). I am not a linguist, but I do know that my brother has a traditional name of Nubia, which as far as I know, is a Northern Sudanese word for the country/people of Sudan.
I'm a new member and am sort of just jumping in, so I apologize if this post is too off topic. If this topic is of interest, please let me know and I will answer any questions I can!
Migrations from Sudan to Nigeria/Cameroon/Congo is quite common and I discuss that here (already que'd for relevant part): https://youtu.be/VzM4uXfR6fo?t=10093. Note that the Zande of the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo originate in the Sudan and you can find them still there to this day. I believe the last wave of them came in the 1700s.
Posts: 853 | From: Houston | Registered: Nov 2007
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quote:Originally posted by bantu_babe: I'm not sure this is relevant to the conversation going on here, but I thought it might be of some interest for people to know the history of the Chamba-Leko. My family is from Cameroon and we are descendants of the Chamba-Leko people-group who migrated to Cameroon from Sudan in the 1700s (which I think is much later than the time period being discussed here). I am not a linguist, but I do know that my brother has a traditional name of Nubia, which as far as I know, is a Northern Sudanese word for the country/people of Sudan.
I'm a new member and am sort of just jumping in, so I apologize if this post is too off topic. If this topic is of interest, please let me know and I will answer any questions I can!
Migrations from Sudan to Nigeria/Cameroon/Congo is quite common and I discuss that here (already que'd for relevant part): https://youtu.be/VzM4uXfR6fo?t=10093. Note that the Zande of the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo originate in the Sudan and you can find them still there to this day. I believe the last wave of them came in the 1700s.
Asar, on the side. A few months ago you did a show with Africans languages as the basis for Latin (and Greek). Can you link it here? Thanks in advance.
There's a discussion going on right now about the origin of Hg E-V88. See the thread Here. Continuing in the thread I elaborate on the Uralic and Nostratic hypothesis.
Posts: 22249 | From: Omni | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Asar, on the side. A few months ago you did a show with Africans languages as the basis for Latin (and Greek). Can you link it here? Thanks in advance.
There's a discussion going on right now about the origin of Hg E-V88. See the thread Here. Continuing in the thread I elaborate on the Uralic and Nostratic hypothesis.
Peace.
I am not sure if I did a show dedicated to that topic. I know I've discussed something similar in passing regarding Proto-Indo-European as a whole in a number of online conversations. So I will have to skim through the archives and see which conversation is more likely to have that focus within a narrow segment.
And will check out the thread suggested. If I have anything to contribute, I'll be sure to leave a comment.
Posts: 853 | From: Houston | Registered: Nov 2007
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quote:Originally posted by bantu_babe: I'm not sure this is relevant to the conversation going on here, but I thought it might be of some interest for people to know the history of the Chamba-Leko. My family is from Cameroon and we are descendants of the Chamba-Leko people-group who migrated to Cameroon from Sudan in the 1700s (which I think is much later than the time period being discussed here). I am not a linguist, but I do know that my brother has a traditional name of Nubia, which as far as I know, is a Northern Sudanese word for the country/people of Sudan.
I'm a new member and am sort of just jumping in, so I apologize if this post is too off topic. If this topic is of interest, please let me know and I will answer any questions I can!
Migrations from Sudan to Nigeria/Cameroon/Congo is quite common and I discuss that here (already que'd for relevant part): https://youtu.be/VzM4uXfR6fo?t=10093. Note that the Zande of the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo originate in the Sudan and you can find them still there to this day. I believe the last wave of them came in the 1700s.
Asar, on the side. A few months ago you did a show with Africans languages as the basis for Latin (and Greek). Can you link it here? Thanks in advance.
There's a discussion going on right now about the origin of Hg E-V88. See the thread Here. Continuing in the thread I elaborate on the Uralic and Nostratic hypothesis.
See here
quote:Comparative Linguistics: Indo - European and Niger - Congo by G. J. K. Campbell-Dunn 0.00 · Rating details · 0 ratings · 0 reviews RECENT GENETIC RESEARCH AT UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE, MADRID, HAS FOUND NO SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE FOR AN ARYAN INVASION OF EUROPE. THIS INVASION IS A MYTH. WE USE MORPHOLOGY TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES CAME OUT OF AFRICA. THEY DERIVE FROM AN OFFSHOOT OF THE NIGER-CONGO GROUP. AGGLUTINATION GRADUALLY LEAD TO GRAMMATICAL FUSION, WITH FOSSILISATION AND LOSS
-------------------- It's not my burden to disabuse the ignorant of their wrong opinions Posts: 2731 | From: New York | Registered: Jun 2015
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When disregard these white folks agreed upon lies about these linguistic theories then it all begins to make sense. The biological evidence falls right in line, with no mention of language.
Posts: 160 | From: Ga | Registered: Jun 2020
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quote:Originally posted by Fourty2Tribes: [QUOTE]Originally posted by Nodnarb:
Listen to the actual oral histories as they come from the tribe. Few claim to come from Kings. The Oral histories make sense. The Nile Valley was a huge population hub. People are supposed to trace their history there.
The Zulus claim to have come from an ancestor--uNkulunkulu (or, "uMkhulu oMkhulu", meaning: the greatest grandfather)--who appeared out of a bed of reeds. The Ancient Egyptians claim to have appeared from a mound in a field of reeds called "Aaru"... They believe when you die you go to meet Osiris in "Aaru", a field of reeds... from whence the Greeks adapted their idea of Elysium.
(I don't know how to attach scanned book pages to support this claim)
-------------------- Cry in the dojo. Laugh on the battlefield. Posts: 45 | From: South Africa | Registered: Apr 2020
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(I don't know how to attach scanned book pages to support this claim) [/QB]
you would have to have an image host. If you look up in google best image host 2020 and pick one, then you can use this to get a URL for the image and post it in the thread as a URL or as the image itself posted in the thread You must have an image host
but you can also go here and see if the book appears:
(I don't know how to attach scanned book pages to support this claim)
you would have to have an image host. If you look up in google best image host 2020 and pick one, then you can use this to get a URL for the image and post it in the thread as a URL or as the image itself posted in the thread You must have an image host
but you can also go here and see if the book appears:
(I don't know how to attach scanned book pages to support this claim) [/QB]
also you have the rock art photos in the Egyptology thread are slightly too big although you could leave it. Best size is under 1000 width. So if you copy a photo in the image host or before you get to that point see if you can reduce the photo width so the side slider doesn't have to be used in the thread.
Also you have a quote by Prof. Simone Hachi, please copy and paste URLs so we can see the original source. If the URL is too long you can chop of some of the end and check to see if it still works, or where that IMAGE button is you use the URL button and call it "Link" These usually work if not there is a website that easily makes long URLs short called "tiny URL" With book pages it's also good to include book title, author and date along with the URL, thanks
This is what I do on my posts so if I quote one part of an article people can easily go to the original book or article and see more information or to verify the source
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posted
Is there any truth at all of an actual "Bantu" migration as a people? or is it just a language?
-------------------- "Nothing hurts a racist more than the absolute truth and a punch to the face" Posts: 101 | From: United States | Registered: Aug 2020
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Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
posted
Well, there's no final answer but what did you gather from the six pages of this thread? Hmm?
UBBFriend: Email this page to someone!
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