Long slacks and short-sleeve top should be fine in Cairo. Though, you'll see some girls wearing outrageously provocative (for Egypt) clothing in the beach resorts.If you can pass off as Egyptian, I'd suggest you dress a little more conservatively if you want to avoid the worst of the petty catcalls (harmless but a nuisance nonetheless). Otherwise, they'll think you're a disrespectful local lass.
You really need protection for your head as the sun is brutal in summer. I'd only suggest wearing a higab, if anything, for practical reasons, and then, only if you're Muslim. Otherwise, a broad-rimmed hat will do. It will mark you out as a tourist, however, but you don't want to get heat stroke like I did once - not a nice experience!
I met a Swiss girl in Cairo who had quite a dark complexion and could easily pass off as a local. She received none too subtle comments about her dress until she made it clear that she was a foreign tourist which immediately shut the sleazebags up.
BTW, I'm a guy, so everything I've said is from observation and hearsay not from personal experience!
Have a great time.