2005 AIDS Chart ... what's crazy is that if the virus didn't began in Africa, and the virus started here in America then why does the AIDS Chart look like as it does with Africa hosting the majority of AIDS cases? Well any area that is highly populated with Blacks you have a high population of AIDS as though it was purposely sent to the communities. African American, Afro-brazilians, Caribs, Africa. Blacks on every continent has been hit by this disease as though it was purposely targetted toward them.
This is no coincidence ... the chance of this is unbelievable ... but unvisible to those who choose not to see this pattern.
Conspiracy .... naw ... they're doing something real strange ...
Peace!~
Posts: 951 | From: where rules end and freedom begins | Registered: Jun 2004
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posted
The first person diagnosed with the disease wasn't African, true but that doesn't mean he was the first person to have the disease.
You keep asking for evidence of the first transmission. We don't have evidence because we don't have the body of the first person to catch HIV-1. All we have are early blood samples dating from a man in Africa (the Congo to be exact), and the fact that HIV-1 was found in the scat of wild chimpanzees. We even have evidence of an African woman who appears to carry a hybrid like strain between HIV and SIV. All of this is enough evidence for the origins of the disease.
You keep accusing of having perverted fantasies, yet I recall it was YOU who keeps insinuating transmission through sexual contact while it was I who keeps reminding you that transmission does not have to involve sexual contact but other forms like biting, wound contact, or consuption etc.
Tell me, how do you think Ebola was transmitted to humans? Again, I do not suggest "sexual contact".
Posts: 26320 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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2005 AIDS Chart ... what's crazy is that if the virus didn't began in Africa, and the virus started here in America then why does the AIDS Chart look like as it does with Africa hosting the majority of AIDS cases?
If by AIDS, you are referring to HIV, I believe I was waiting for answers on the advocates who claim to know the origins. I have already taken understanding from the idea that HIV eminates from the SIV, but after that, i.e. the nature of transition of infection from a chimp to a human being, to its global spread need to be accounted for.
I would also like to see details on what brought about SIV in Chimps in the first place.
To be clear, I am not an advocate of the origins of HIV, I'm simply the person looking for answers, including to the questions which Djehuti is expected to answer.
Posts: 5964 | Registered: Jan 2005
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The first person diagnosed with the disease wasn't African, true but that doesn't mean he was the first person to have the disease.
You've finally come to the realization. Good for you.
quote:Djehuti:
You keep asking for evidence of the first transmission.
Which you don't have, and yet make it seem that your questionable theories are unequivocal.
quote:Djehuti:
We don't have evidence because we don't have the body of the first person to catch HIV-1.
I thought that you claimed it was that male from Congo, 'discovered' presumably in 1959. Are you admitting that you've been caught with your pants down, with lying?
quote:Djehuti:
All we have are early blood samples dating from a man in Africa (the Congo to be exact), and the fact that HIV-1 was found in the scat of wild chimpanzees.
That's all you have, and what about the blood sample? But the literate world also has access to the earlier charges made with respect to a European male, who was claimed to have died from similar symtoms attributed to AIDS, and indeed tested positive, only to later on proclaimed to have been contaminated at some point in the lab.
quote:Djehuti:
We even have evidence of an African woman who appears to carry a hybrid like strain between HIV and SIV.
That's how we get new viruses, through recombination. So it isn't surprising to see something that would indicate 'hybridization'. This wouldn't be so astonishing to you, if you ever used critical analysis rather than blindly scavenging through the internet, and then copying and pasting articles as though you understand them.
quote:Djehuti:
All of this is enough evidence for the origins of the disease.
Enough for you to provide the answers to the reminder-post about the outstanding questions you have yet to answer, right? Why is it taking so long, since you have 'enough' evidence of the origins of HIV.
quote:Djehuti:
You keep accusing of having perverted fantasies, yet I recall it was YOU who keeps insinuating transmission through sexual contact while it was I who keeps reminding you that transmission does not have to involve sexual contact but other forms like biting, wound contact, or consuption etc.
Apparently you don't know the difference between a question and an insinuation. I am not accusing you, I am calling you what you are. We are talking about the origins of HIV, which you proclaimed to have answers on, and yet cannot deliver answers to simple questions pertaining to it; instead, you go onto to talk about sex between dogs and cats, and presumably between birds and people. I call a dollar bill, well, 'a dollar bill.'
quote:Djehuti:
Tell me, how do you think Ebola was transmitted to humans? Again, I do not suggest "sexual contact".
Your question, your topic, your issue, and so please provide the answers.
Ps:
Oustanding issues that Djehuti's long-winded but meatless posts fail to deliver on:
Proof that the first person to be confidently diagnosed with HIV, was African.
Repeatedly referring to the sample taken from the human corpse from the Congo region in 1959, when the study itself never proclaimed to have found HIV therein, much less an actual virus, to put it rather politely, raises questions about the functioning status of Djehuti's mentality.
Proof that the presumed predecessor of HIV made its way from a monkey into a human being, by way of biting.
Proof that the presumed predecessor of HIV made its way from a monkey into a human being, through "bushmeat", i.e. the eating of monkey [presumably the chimps who carry the precursor virus] , and yet only recently did HIV emerge in multiple places where eating chimps, or any monkey for that matter, has never been heard of.
Show how HIV became pandemic, and why it has been attributed to 'homo-sexuals' in America and Europe, who may never have seen Africa in their lifetime
Explain the "Big Bang" emergence of HIV in the 1970s, as put forth in the 1993 Myers et al. publication, whereby “the extraordinary synchrony in the 1970s of ten or more distinguishable epidemics" and "Clinical, serological and molecular retrospective studies have all failed to produce any evidence of AIDS or HIV prior to the 1970s.”
More questions expected to follow, as Djehuti attempts to come up with answers. In fact, I suspect that Djehuti will find out that his 'potential' yet-to-be delivered answers will actually raise more questions than settle down issues, reminding him that he is working from a very weak premises with regards to his proclamations.
Posts: 5964 | Registered: Jan 2005
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quote:Originally posted by Supercar: I thought that you claimed it was that male from Congo, 'discovered' presumably in 1959. Are you admitting that you've been caught with your pants down, with lying?
Nope. Sorry, but the research has indeed discovered that the earliest known case a man from the Congo. This doesn't mean that he was the first one diagnosed, nor does it mean he was the first human ever to catch the disease. Studies from his blood sample show that the first transmission to humans may have occurred a decade or two before him.
And here I thought you were bright enough to comprehend what has been put forth.
As for the 'proofs' you keep asking for as to how the virus was transmitted from monkey to human, again we don't have the body of the first human ever to tell us. All we have are clues from blood samples and monkey fecal matter.
Now I ask you what is YOUR proposition on the origin of HIV and what proof do YOU have to support it?
Posts: 26320 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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I thought that you claimed it was that male from Congo, 'discovered' presumably in 1959. Are you admitting that you've been caught with your pants down, with lying?
Nope. Sorry, but the research has indeed discovered that the earliest known case a man from the Congo.
Where is the genetic study that claims to have found an actual virus, much less HIV in that blood sample?...and by this, I don't mean CNN.
quote:Djehuti:
This doesn't mean that he was the first one diagnosed, nor does it mean he was the first human ever to catch the disease.
"This" is what is meaningless. You have yet to even back up or tell us what "this" is.
quote:Djehuti:
Studies from his blood sample show that the first transmission to humans may have occurred a decade or two before him.
By what means, if the virus hasn't been actually found in the male in question?
quote:Djehuti:
And here I thought you were bright enough to comprehend what has been put forth.
Put it this way: I am bright enough to know that you don't know what the heck you are talking about, much less for anybody else to know what you are talking about; does that help?
quote:Djehuti:
As for the 'proofs' you keep asking for as to how the virus was transmitted from monkey to human, again we don't have the body of the first human ever to tell us.
You don't have evidence for anything, as your dodging of those outstanding questions laid out clearly 'proves'.
quote:Djehuti:
All we have are clues from blood samples and monkey fecal matter.
Undoubtedly SIVs have been found in chimps, which only tells us that these animals were involved some point, in the generation of HIV, but it doesn't tell us how HIV in and of itself generated, how it was transmitted and where. Your silence on the specifics of such points are obvious enough.
quote:Djehuti:
Now I ask you what is YOUR proposition on the origin of HIV and what proof do YOU have to support it?
You do have trouble with English, don't you? I'm the one looking for answers, and you are the one who claimed to have the answers to the 'origins of HIV'. Your job is to come up with those answers, and as it stands right now, you are looking to be a candidate whose worthy of being 'fired'. Posts: 5964 | Registered: Jan 2005
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I would also like to see details on what brought about SIV in Chimps in the first place.
Indeed, we might as well look into this question, since only certain primates are proclaimed to have SIV.
And then, I posted:
quote:Originally posted by Supercar:
To be clear, I am not an advocate of the origins of HIV, I'm simply the person looking for answers, including to the questions which Djehuti is expected to answer.
...which haven't been delivered, and more than likely never will by Djehuti, but in the meantime, here is an interesting assessment which addresses many of the points I outlined to be addressed:
Early Hepatitis B Vaccines and the “Man-Made” Origin of HIV/AIDS
by Leonard G. Horowitz, D.M.D., M.A., M.P.H.
This article regards a matter of global urgency transcending better known AIDS threats. It describes a universal challenge posed by ever increasing numbers of plagues predicted to depopulate at least half of the world’s current human inhabitants within two generations. This documented science virtually proves, through the process of elimination and a review of the most updated evidence, the origin of HIV/AIDS as an iatrogenic (i.e., man-made) outcome of specific vaccination experiments.
Considered reflection on this AIDS science, along with the sociopolitical correlates and antecedents of this current catastrophe, reveals the likelihood that myriad other immune dysfunctions, autoimmune diseases, and cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and other ailments linked to viral infections, have resulted from previously engineered microbes that have by accident or intent found their way from cancer virus laboratories into humanity’s bloodstream by way of the most trusted public health preventative—vaccinations.
If what you are about to read is true, and each point is precisely stated and meticulously documented, beyond extensive depopulation, humanity’s very survival may hinge on this recognition, its implications, and our considered response. Especially relevant, when reflecting on the following facts, is the wisdom addressed by the late World Health Organization (WHO) AIDS czar, Dr. Jonathan Mann, whose life ended tragically on Flight 111 enroute to a European AIDS conference. “More than a medical scientific problem,” Dr. Mann said, “AIDS is a sociopolitical imposition.”
Background
AIDS is undoubtedly “man-made.” We can now assert this “very apparent iatrogenic origin,” versus the “theoretic iatrogenic origin” of HIV/AIDS because of the rapidly increasing, now substantial, scientific support for this conclusion. Currently, international scientific consensus among leading investigators in this field, many of whose works and words are excerpted below, holds that HIV/AIDS originated from one or more extraordinary man-made, not natural, events dating back to the early to mid-1970s. Especially implicated in initiating the AIDS pandemic, according to many scientists and scholars, was the hepatitis B vaccine as detailed in the following pages.
This may come as a surprise, or even quite a shock, to most people since the mainstream media and most respected medical journals have yet to herald the following knowledge. As a result most “authorities” still issue false and misleading claims such as: 1) “the HB vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS origination has been discussed, debated, and dismissed by an overwhelming majority of the HIV/AIDS research community;” 2) “People who claim that AIDS was man-made provide false information and hearsay;” 3) “It is sad that public attention and resources are diverted to attend to such unscientific dribble;” 4) “Man-made origin of AIDS vaccine proponents do severe damage to the public health community and vaccination efforts;” and 5) “Those that advance man-made theories of AIDS have financial motives,” as though there were no financial interests on the other side of the debate.
As a pro bono consultant contacted recently by Amnesty International (AI) members who desired to advance a resolution for the global organization to investigate this HB vaccine thesis, I was appalled by the amount of resistance and politicking performed by members of AI’s so-called “HIV/AIDS Task Force” which sought $1 billion of relief for human rights violations associated with HIV/AIDS from the U.S. Government. These funds, the Task Force reported, were urgently needed to buy drug–cocktails for persons with HIV/AIDS. Each of the five claims cited above were issued by members of this Task Force completely ignorant of the following science.
With regard to the first offensive claim, as the sole author of “Polio, hepatitis B and AIDS: an integrative theory on a possible vaccine induced pandemic” published by Harcourt Publishers, Ltd. of London in the esteemed international journal of Medical Hypothesis,2 this well-focused thesis has never been “discussed, debated,” nor “dismissed” by any consensus in any official capacity. Although Black Americans have been polled regarding the origin of HIV/AIDS being man-made,3 there has never been a published polling of the scientific community in this regard, and certainly not one regarding the HB hypothesis advanced below.
HIV/AIDS Origin Misconceptions Versus Science
Opponents of iatrogenic (or “man-made”) theories of AIDS have routinely confused hearsay and sporadic media propaganda with hard science, such as that “discussed, debated” and not “dismissed” recently at the Royal Society of London’s inquiry into the origin of this pandemic. They exclusively focused on the theory that contaminated polio vaccines triggered the HIV/AIDS pandemic.4 These proceedings were published in 2001. Quotes relevant to reasoned consideration of this unique/yet-to-be-tested hepatitis B vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS follow. These statements were made by featured presenters, all recognized leaders in this multidisciplinary field discussing the polio vaccine theory of AIDS origination. The first of these quotes is especially relevant to proposed investigations:
“There should be an investigation by an international committee mostly composed of non-medical people concerning how a rather obvious and plausible theory [of AIDS’s origin from contaminated vaccines] came to be scorned and restricted from publication for so long, especially when important consequences regarding mankind’s worst epidemic, and even more important consequences for other possibly even worse that may be following, hang in the balance. As a corollary it should be studied why the hypothesis had to be promoted mainly by outsiders to science and medicine. The ressures towards investigation (and non-investigation) that emanate from huge drug companies and their influence in slanting research in subtle ways should also be examined, as should the role of journals and peer review in potentially obstructing publications of controversial kinds.” W.D. Hamilton,5 quoted by Julian Cribb in “The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: can science afford to ignore it?” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (2001) 356:935-938.
“Faced with the terrible burden of AIDS, stories that HIV was introduced into Africa from the West by an accident such as OPV [oral polio vaccine] or intentionally by the USA Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have gained widespread credence. . . . Nevertheless, because natural transmission repeatedly occurs, albeit on rare occasions, does not mean that contamination of a vaccine could not have been the route on another occasion. As with other infections, e.g., hepatitis B virus,natural and iatrogenic transmissions of retroviruses are not mutually exclusive.” Weiss, RA6
Despite studies that have advanced evidence suggesting an earlier than 1970 origin of HIV/AIDS,7-9 “[t]he fact that there were ten or so synchronous but distinguishable African epidemics is a definitive feature of AIDS for which the natural transfer theory [e.g., the “cut hunter transfer”] gives no convincing account. . . . To summarize these findings regarding the relatively large number of distinct group M subtypes: no set of likely natural conditions . . . will adequately simulate so many as ten distinguishable subtypes in a complex star-like configuration . . . . [T]he onus is upon the supporters of the natural [not iatrogenic] theory to account for the unexpectedly large number of HIV-1 subtypes. Exponential growth of the epidemic(s) is not by itself a satisfactory explanation (Hahn et al. 2000). . . . The likeliest source of the multiple subtypes and the synchronization of their conspicuous diversification is a punctuated origin [i.e., an iatrogenic event]. . . . [I]t is not far-fetched to imagine the ten or so clades deriving from a single animal (perhaps immunosuppressed and possessing a swarm of variants) [as might have been the case with chimpanzees used in the process of vaccine manufacture] or from a few animals that might have belonged to a single troop or might have been gang-caged together. The number of animals required is secondary to the extent of variation in the source at the time of the zoonotic [i.e., transfer of the virus between species] or iatrogenic event. The [vaccine] hypothesis makes a case for such a punctuated origin . . .” Myers G, et al. 10
“We conclude that SIV cannot become a zoonosis, but requires adaptive mutations to become HIV. Some modern event must have aided in the transition of SIV to HIV. Our research indicates that serial passage of partially adapted SIV between humans could produce the series of cumulative mutations sufficient for the emergence of epidemic HIV strains . . . We conclude that increased unsterile injecting in Africa during the period 1950-1970 provided the agent for SIV human infections to emerge as epidemic HIV in the modern era.” Drucker E, et al.11
I might interject at this point that this conclusion by Drucker et al, although seriously undermining natural evolution theorists, reflects a myopic arrogance unbecoming to their otherwise reasonable hypothesis. Their conclusion neglects the risks inherent in the hepatitis B vaccine manufacturing and testing process as detailed below consistent with the analyses of Myers et al.10 Obviously, all of the above authoritative statements contradict “common knowledge.” The consensus of scientists at this historic British AIDS origin conference favored additional investigations into possible iatrogenic sources of the HIVs.
The 1959 HIV Sequence Discovery
In the interest of facilitating progress on this issue, much publicity has been given to the notion that HIV was discovered in a 1959 blood sample from Leopoldville, Zaire;9 and that scientific consensus holds 1931 as the approximate date of HIV origination.7 These superstitions have led to common, yet false, declarations that HIV/AIDS originated well before the polio vaccination era and the Special Virus Cancer Program (SVCP) that much evidence below links to the “punctuated origin” of AIDS.
For the record, according to the authors of the 1959 discovery, they never found, nor alleged to have found, HIV, or anything like a full virus. According to these authors, even “attempts to amplify HIV-1 fragments of >300 base pairs (bp) were unsuccessful, . . . However, after numerous attempts, four shorter sequences were obtained” that only represented small portions of two of the six genes of the complete AIDS virus.9
This is why Gao et al, referred to the 1959 sequences as “the oldest trace of the AIDS pandemic . . . although the precise timing and circumstance of early events in the SIVcpz/HIV-1 zoonosis remain obscure.”22 [Editor’s note for the lay reader, “SIVcpz” is short for “simian immunodeficiency virus from the chimpanzee.” This is know to be the closest viral relative to the human AIDS virus, HIV-1.]
Unfortunately, regarding the 1959 sequences, Zhu et al., left much room for misinterpretation if not wild speculation by stating that given the “‘starburst phylogeny,’ HIV-1 was probably introduced into humans shortly before that time frame, about a decade or two earlier than previously estimated. . . .” 10 (Emphasis added.) They speculated the zoonosis might have occurred “considerably earlier than the late 1940s.” Obviously, this account is irrelevant to “the extraordinary synchrony in the 1970s of ten or more distinguishable epidemics” discovered by Myers et al. 10 Therefore, this later group of researchers concluded that, with the exception of the 1959 sequences suggesting viral ancestry, “Clinical, serological and molecular retrospective studies have all failed to produce any evidence of AIDS or HIV prior to the 1970s.” 10 (Emphasis added.) As Myers et al., had initially advanced, the early to mid-1970s “Big Bang” origin of HIV/AIDS is further supported by most recent scientific evidence.10
As if repeating false assumptions would alter historic and scientific facts, many contemporary investigators, like those representing AI’s HIV/AIDS Task Force, continue to imply the SIV to HIV zoonosis occurred on or before 1959. Many natural evolution theory evangelists continue to cite the now disproven “cut hunter” theory to explain the origin of the pandemic.8,22 Reflecting on Zhu et al’s position, however, they simply concluded that the major-group viruses that dominate the global AIDS pandemic at present shared a common ancestor in the 1940s or the early 1950s. However, given confounding factors, including the likelihood of viral gene recombination during the manufacture and testing of the HB vaccine, like Korber et al.’s speculation discussed in the next section, the 1959 “isolate” may hold little, if any, relevance in determining the origin of HIV/AIDS. 10
Suffice it to say, no one has ever found a virus predating the SVCP and the late 1970s.11 At best they found fragments of what may have been the complete virus, but more likely pieces of a progenitor virus they called “a common ancestor” that dated back to “the 1940s or the early 1950s.” These and other portions of this “common ancestor” may have existed for centuries if not millennia. Again, this evidence is rrelevant when considering the 1970s “punctuated [iatrogenic] event” recently determined to be undisputable scientific fact.
More importantly, as Zhu and Ho et al., concluded, “the role of large-scale vaccination campaigns, perhaps with multiple uses of non-sterilized needles, should be carefully examined, . . .” as contributing to the sudden emergence of HIV/AIDS in North America and Africa simultaneously during the late 1970s.9,11
The 1931 AIDS Origin Assumption and Viral Recombination
Regarding the 1931 estimated date of HIV’s origin advanced by Korber et al.7 (i.e., “somewhere between 1910 and 1950”), a critical examination of these authors’ methods reveals problems. Largely speculative due to their use of a confounding-factor-liable computer model, Korber and colleagues noted their limitations. They stated their finding(s) regarding the 1931 genetic projection, that precludes various vaccine-induced pandemic theories, might be wrong if viral recombination(s) had occurred. They most certainly did in the evolutionary process of SIV to HIV according to most cientists.10,13 Yet, despite these facts, iatrogenic theory opponents who have secured a gross burden of proof” advantage in the AIDS origin debate,20 repeatedly reference this group’s work, along with the frequently misrepresented work of Zhu, et al.9 concerning the 1959 sequence discovery.22
Again, the “punctuated origin” of HIV/AIDS determined by Myers et al., can only explain the nearly simultaneous emergence of ten separate, though related, AIDS epidemics in Africa during the early 1970s, that were well established by 1976.10
Lending further credence to the theory that early hepatitis B vaccine trials provided the “punctuated event,” Korber et al wrote of anticipated errors in their 1931 determination using linear or recombinant evolutionary models due to “unnatural” or iatrogenic events inciting viral recombination. They wrote , “If there was a concentration of such recombinants during just one period of sampling, the effect on the timing estimate would be unpredictable.” 7
Thus, if the “punctuated origin event” advanced by Myers et al,10 had been the passage of HB virus from polio vaccinated humans to chimpanzees then back to humans, with the additional risk of recombination from pooling hundreds of infected serum samples prior to additional viral recombinant transfers via the HB vaccines given to human subjects in New York City and sub-Saharan Africa, then this might best explain the origin of HIV/AIDS and render Korber et al’s 1931 projection inconsequential. As detailed in the next section, this is precisely the thesis advanced by Horowitz.2,13
In summary, the determinations reached by Korber et al.,7 and Ho et al.,9 of possible dates for the origin of HIV-1, 1931 and 1959 respectively, have been adequately clarified elsewhere.10 “The authors themselves acknowledge, the super-computer-based study cannot tell whether this hypothetical 1930 virus was in humans or animals and so do not show when zoonosis occurred.” 7,10
Myers et al. further qualified: “If PIV [primate immunodeficiency virus] was in humans in the first half of the 20th century, it may be estimated, given the assumptions of the look-back analysis, that the ancestral HIV-1 group M virus arose at 1930 plus or minus 20 years.” Conversely, if PIV was not in humans in the first half of the 20th century, then the Korber et al analysis holds little, if any, value in-so-far-as determining a date or origin of the HIVs and AIDS. 7,10
The Earliest Hepatitis B Vaccines and The Origin of AIDS
If early polio vaccines had not triggered the origin of HIV/AIDS as scientific consensus now holds,6 then some other, chimpanzee-related, “iatrogenic event” must be available to explain the staggering array of deadly recombinants that were proven by Myers et al to have arisen virtually simultaneously during the early to mid-1970s.10,21 In this regard, even more neglected, and perhaps more relevant than the OPV theory of AIDS, is the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine hypothesis.2,13,23
According to scientific records,2 African chimpanzees were used in the manufacture of the HB vaccines during the early 1970s. Additional documents prove that human HB viruses cultured in vivo in chimpanzees were returned to humans whose infected blood serum was then pooled to develop four different strains of experimental HB vaccine pilot tested between 1970 and 1975 in New York City and central Africa. This HB vaccine theory of HIV zoonosis proposes that endogenous, or more likely exogenous, progenitor viruses were activated24 when serially transmitted from humans to chimpanzees, then back to humans. Subsequently, pooled blood serum containing HB surface antigen and/or live virions, a milieu ripe for viral recombination, was used to develop the four suspected vaccines administered to New York’s gay population and simultaneously to sub-Saharan Africans. Besides the phylogenetic evidence cited above, epidemiological evidence also supports this HB vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS origination.
Figure 1 is derived from Higginson and Muir’s report on cancer studies conducted by the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute (NCI).25 Figure 2 derives from this data superimposed on a map of HIV-1 seroprevalence in Africa reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce in a publication discussing desirable depopulation associated with HIV/AIDS.26 Additional evidence here was supplied in the chronology of the early hepatitis B vaccine trials compiled by Goodfield. 27 The two maps, juxaposed, show a striking correlation between hepatitis B vaccine and liver cancer experiments conducted in Africa during the early 1970s, and the countries in central and southern Africa with the high est HIV-1 seroprevalence rates by 1994. The black squares indicate areas participating in the HB cancer virus research and vaccine trials.
It should also be noted that Mozambique has one of the highest rates of HIV-2, which was allegedly discovered by Essex et al.,28 in Senegalese female prostitutes years after the African hepatitis B vaccination pilot studies began. Due to their state-authorized employment and high risk for infection, Senegalese female prostitutes were required to receive hepatitis B vaccinations for relicensure. That Essex et al. found SIVagm, a documented vaccine contaminant, in the blood of these human subject, is additionally compelling evidence in support of the HB vaccine AIDS origination theory.29
In brief, a well documented, theoretically viable, and generally neglected evolutionary route of SIVagm to HIV-1 zoonosis sequentially involves: 1) Polio vaccine recipients worldwide, including gay men in New York, and Blacks in Central Africa, were exposed to simian viruses including SV40, SFR (Simian Foamy Retroviruses containing reverse transcriptase), SIVagm, and perhaps others from the mid-1950s, through at least the 1960s;2,4 2) Between 1965 and 1970, researchers in NYC “isolated” and then inoculated the MS-2 strain of HB virus into the above cited New York and African HB vaccine study “volunteers.”2,30 3) Human derived HB viruses, and potentially activated retroviral sequences, were then transferred to chimpanzees, then back again to humans in NYC and central Africa during the development and testing of four genetically altered subtypes of the pre-1975 experimental HB vaccine.32,33 HIV-1 progenitor contamination, recombination, and/or transmission risks were likely increased during this process by: a) human incubation for more than a decade of polio vaccine contaminants and recombinants including SV40, SFR, and possibly SIVagm; b) the pooling of infected blood serum donated by hundreds of gay American and Black African polio vaccine recipients who had subsequently received injections with chimpanzee cultured strains of HB virus; c) the biohazardous laboratory conditions and viral containment problems reported by the HB vaccine investigators and their affiliates; and finally 5) The four pooled serum-derived HB vaccines that were administered to thousands of test subjects by 1975, primarily gay males in NYC and central African Blacks. This series of events provides the best explanation for an early to mid-1970s “punctuated origin event” most precisely fitting the etiological determinations of the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic.10
Again, it should be noted that the African “volunteers” inhabited a geographic area consistent with the highest rates of HIV-1 seroprevalence. Among the nations where rates are highest, HB studies were conducted in: Senegal, Cote d’Ivoire, Uganda, Kenya, Swaziland, and the northeastern part of South Africa. According to circumstantial evidence, eastern Zaire bordering the West Nile region of northwest Uganda also hosted such trials.2,25-27
Historic Precedence for the HB Vaccine Hypothesis
There is historic precedence for this precise HB thesis. According to Beale, the risk of HB viruses contaminating human blood serum and subsequent vaccinations was determined as early as 1942. Then, more than 62 deaths and 28,500 cases resulted from serum HB contaminated yellow fever vaccines.31
According to Hilleman, early yellow fever vaccines also delivered leukemic retroviruses to human populations due to caged animal and laboratory contaminations and concomitant vaccine transmissions.13
Dr. Hilleman additionally reinforced this “punctuated origin” thesis by describing the risks he encountered by importing contaminated African sub-human primates for vaccine research and development at the Merck pharmaceutical company. Between the late 1950s through the 1970s, Dr. Hilleman told Harvard medical historian Edward Shorter in 1987, “I brought African greens in. I didn’t know we were importing AIDS virus at the time.”13
Given these statements of fact, it is reasonable to suggest, as stated above, the earliest HB vaccine pilot studies may have activated an endogenous or exogenous HIV-related retroviral gene in one or more of the primates,24 fulfilling the “starburst phylogeny” antecedents advanced by Myers et al.10
During the Royal Society’s symposium on the origin of AIDS, Hooper’s 1950s OPV/AIDS hypothesis was largely rebuked because he failed to establish the use of chimpanzees by the Wistar Institute in the production of the suspected OPV.18 Moreover, this vaccine was not given selectively to New York’s gay male population. Curiously, Merck’s early 1970s hepatitis B vaccine trials that did involve gay men in NYC, and Blacks in central Africa, partially prepared in Litton Bionetics (LB) exported/Merck imported African chimpanzees, ironically went without mention.
“Burden of Proof” and the Origin of AIDS
The most vocal opponent of the OPV and HB vaccine theories of HIV/AIDS origination is Dr. John Moore, affiliated with Rockefeller University’s Aaron Diamond Research Center in New York.
As reported in Medical Hypothesis, following a presentation advancing the HB vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS at the XI International Conference on AIDS, in 1996, Dr. Moore flippantly rebuked this thesis in the Canadian press. A few years later, he did the same regarding the Edward Hooper’s book, The River, which he alleged was historically inaccurate, potentially damaging to the public’s trust in western medicine, and harmful to his colleagues “efforts to make AIDS vaccines for use in Africa.”2
When this author personally contacted Dr . Moore in an effort to begin scientific discourse following his Canadian press interview, Moore refused any formal discussion. Responding later to prodding, he wrote me from the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center saying, “I explicity denied you an interview when you requested one. . . . I said to you that I had ‘no interest’ in your . . . grotesque theories . . . For the record, I know what your views are, and I reject them. Indeed, I dismiss them as uninteresting, incorrect and downright stupid.” In the Vancouver Sun, Moore was further quoted as saying, “HIV is transmitted from monkeys to humans. I don’t think there’s any doubt about that. It’s hard scientific reality.” In fact, according to scientific consensus, the defining zoonosis for the origin of HIV occurred between chimpanzees and humans, not monkeys.2
It should be noted that Dr. Moore’s institutional benefactors include the Rockefeller family which, along with the Rockefeller Foundation and its institutional affiliate—the Sloan-Kettering Memorial Cancer Center in New York—has heavily invested in
viral cancer research, vaccine developments, propaganda programs, population control efforts, and the Merck pharmaceutical company in particular. Thus, Moore’s bias is strongly suggested.2,13,14
Worse yet, history shows that soon after Dr. Gallo’s alleged “discovery” of the AIDS virus in 1984, Dr. Moore co-directed the only official effort to examine Merck’s HB vaccine for “fear of possible AIDS transmission.”23 His principle co-investigator was Dr. B.J. Poiesz at the State University of New York. Dr. Poiesz, their paper noted, had worked closely with Dr. Gallo in isolating the “type-C” cancer virus associated with lymphomas during the mid to late-1970s. Their group of researchers included “anonymous CDC authors” who, for unspecified reasons, omitted the centrally important New York City and African HB vaccine recipients from their analysis. Adding insult to this injury, the team’s conclusions were entirely inconsistent with earlier epidemiological determinations and serological measures.13
Reinforcing the observance of such political bias and tainted science in this field of inquiry is the conclusion reached by several featured speakers at the Royal Society’s meeting in London. They addressed the “burden of proof” required of iatrogenic versus natural AIDS origin theorists. 10, 19, 20 These experts protested the unfair unscientific advantage that has been historically given to outspoken natural evolution theorists, such as Dr. Moore, who have been curiously exempt from having to substantiate their obviously flawed claims and hypotheses. Ironically, despite this, their unproven misguided theories remain widely accepted as supposed fact.10, 19,20
The only remedy such deception is updated knowledge regarding the advanced genetic analyses that have seriously undermined arguments for isolated viral leaps that cannot adequately explain the source of AIDS and the “sunburst phylogeny” of HIV’s earliest African strains.10 In the wake of the Royal Society’s symposium, theories that now appear tenuous, if not ludicrous, include isolated parenteral (i.e., skin piercing) injuries (e.g., the “cut hunter theory”), nutritional exposures, population movements, and climatic variations that are alleged to have led to isolated zoonotic events followed years later, evolutionarily, by the spreading plague. Alternatively, many participants at the conference concluded that the transfer of SIV to human beings was probably connected with unprecedented medical activity in Africa in the 20th century.”21
Bionetics Evidence to be Reconciled
What continues inadequately reported in the scientific literature, perhaps because researchers remain unaware, or because most investigators would certainly feel threatened by such disconcerting revelations, was that the precise scenario advanced by Myers et al.,10 to best account for the sunburst phylogeny and “punctuated origin” event was repeatedly engineered and studied during the Litton Bionetics (LB) administered SVCP, at precisely the time (1969-1974) required to produce the “Big Bang,” as Myers originally called it. At this same time, LB’s study of HB viral co-infections with viruses currently linked to HIV-related immune suppression and AIDS symptomatology was ongoing, as you will read below. This information comes directly from their contract titled, “Investigations of Viral Carcinogenesis in Primates” (NIH Grant Number 71-2025 beginning February 12, 1962). This team, officiated by NCI “Project Officer” Dr. Robert Gallo, the subsequent discoverer of HTLV-1,2 (leukemia viruses) and HIV-1 (the AIDS virus) almost 15 years later, stated:
“During the past year [1970] macaques were inoculated at birth or in utero with the Mason-Pfizer monkey mammary virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Herpesvirus saimiri, and Marek’s disease virus. EB virus was given with immunostimulation and immunosuppression (ALS, prednisone, imuran). Australian antigen [HB virus] was given to newborn African green monkeys.”
Might this quoted knowledge have impacted Dr. Gallo’s earliest declaration that the origin of HIV-1 came from “African greens” (i.e., SIVagm), and/or Dr. Hilleman’s confession that he brought the AIDS virus into North America in African greens?
Furthermore, it is well known that HIV-2 sources from macaque monkeys from this same time period.8 Might this specific multiply-infected simian colony be the source of the original SIV to HIV zoonosis? There is much evidence to suggest this, and it is certainly worthy of an official inquiry.
It is also curious that EBV was of major interest to the LB team of researchers.
It is also well known that EBV is a potent co-carcinogen with HIV-1 and deadly co-factor in the development of AIDS.
This 1971 report by Landon, Ting and Gallo et al., referenced the use of “colony-born” primates observed for seroconversion to “EB positive” immune suppressive status predisposing the animals for retroviral infections and cancers. To summarize this work, conducted almost a decade before Dr. Gallo “discovered” the first leukemia retrovirus (HTLV-I), and later HIV-1, his Bionetics coworkers disclosed that their:
“Breeding and holding colonies were surveyed for antibody to EBV. All breeders were positive and their offspring contain maternal antibody for several months. . . . [Moreover,] An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, [the primary AIDS-linked enzyme] similar to that associated with RNA tumor viruses, was detected in human leukemic cells but not in normal cells stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. The enzyme was isolated, purified and concentrated 200-fold, making possible its further characterization and study in relation to the leukemic process in man.”33
This document, and statement alone, considering its date, should be adequate impetus for an independent investigation into the SVCP with regard to the origin of AIDS.
Reflecting on the specific scenario advanced by Myers and co-workers regarding the phylogenetic, recombinant, and immunosuppressive correlates and antecedents of the “starburst” that reflects at least ten simultaneous HIV/AIDS African outbreaks, the Bionetics investigators stated the significance and “proposed course” of their vaccine research involving chimpanzees. They wrote:
“Significance to Biomedical Research and to the [Special Virus Cancer] Program of the [National Cancer] Institute: In as much as tests for the biological activity of candidate human [cancer] viruses will not be tested in the human species, it is imperative that another system be developed for these determinations and, subsequently for the evaluation of vaccines or other measures of control. The close phylogenetic relationship of the lower primates [i.e., chimpanzees] to man justifies utilization of these animals for these purposes. Further study of altered transfer RNA and polymerase enzymes would determine their significance in neoplastic change and provide a basis for selection of therapeutic agents.
“Proposed Course: Continuation with increased emphasis on monitoring and intensive care of inoculated animals to determine if active infection occurs, effects of infection, and degree of immunosuppression when used. Further studies of human neoplasms at a molecular level will continue.”33
In as much as humans were not being directly infected with “candidate viruses” during this program according to the contract summary, live viral vaccines derived from retroviruses similar to the HIVs were being prepared and tested in primate populations that apparently included humans as well as chimpanzees. This at the precise time that the Australian antigen—the HB highly infectious and easily transmissible cancer virus—and related HB vaccines were being injected into both chimpanzees and humans in New York and Sub-Saharan Africa by LB collaborators.33
At the XI International Conference on AIDS in 1996, when questioned regarding his involvement in these Bionetics studies, Dr. Gallo angrily replied to this author, “Quite frankly, I don’t know what the hell you’re talking about.”13 If the HB vaccine theory might be the focus of a reputable independent inquiry, such as the one urged by Cribb,19 and now AI members, Dr. Gallo might be obliged to formally discuss his contract with Bionetics wherein the “Australian antigen was given to newborn African green monkeys” in the context of testing “a swarm of [candidate viral and retroviral] variants.” If he still contends this HB vaccine/origin of AIDS theory has no merit, as he argued forcefully at that time, then perhaps he would be willing to publish an alternative account reflecting more recent scientific revelations.
Huebner et al, referred to in Bionetics’s SVCP contract (NIH-71-2025), might also be persuaded to divulge valuable insights regarding this HB vaccine/origin of AIDS thesis.34 At that time, 1969, Dr. Robert Huebner was also a leader in this field on the esteemed National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council (NAS–NRC), that is, at precisely the time the Congressional Appropriations Committee heard testimony concerning the technical expertise available through the NAS–NRC for the U.S. Army’s development of AIDS-like viruses. At that time these viruses were referred to by military personnel in the Congressional Record as “synthetic biological agents.” However, the scientific community referred to them as “type-C” RNA tumor viruses. Huebner was exquisitely aware of these developments and various retroviral species that were routinely being generated using crude early methods of recombination in SVCP labs. Again, these viruses were descriptively and functionally identical to HIV-1.2,3,13,14 According to the Bionetics contract summary report from 1972, Dr. Huebner’s group isolated and tested a cat/human hybrid oncornavirus, RD-114, from a human sarcoma by 1971. Sarcomas, associated with leukemias and lymphomas in AIDS patients were, at that time, unheard of in gay men. Later, in 1981, HB virus and vaccine expert, Dr. Don Francis, relayed his opinion as to the source of the first GRID (AIDS) cases in New York, “It’s a combination of feline leukemia and hepatitis B,” he told his mentor Max Essex at Harvard.35
The following SVCP contract excerpt34 discusses the testing of effective treatments for HIV/AIDS-like infections at that early date:
“The effects of 11 rifamycin derivaties on viral reverse transcriptase and on DNA polymerases from human normal and leukemic blood lymphocytes were evaluated. Compound 143-483, 3-formyl rifamycin SV: octyl oxime showed the greatest potency and inhibited all DNA polymerases from both viral and cellular origins.”
Might this be a cure for HIV/AIDS? Unless further investigations into this matter are conducted, we may never know.
Reflecting on these revelations in-so-far-as the myriad viral recombinants potentially contaminating LB’s labs and caged animals, and the determinations of Myers et al,10 a most appropriate question is, “Why only ten forms of HIV/AIDS broke out during the early1970s?” It would seem likely that many of the SIVs originated from these investigations as well as other pandemics such as herpes that exploded during the mid to late 1970s along with immune suppressive disorders associated with EBV infections and related cancers. Obviously, it would be helpful to investigate the possibility of other plagues that may have derived from vaccine contaminations and transmissions during the SVCP.
Many researchers, in fact, issued forewarnings about the grave risks posed by recombinant cancer virology.13 Others cited similar risks from public health’s “sacred cow” vaccinations.31 It is sobering to reflect on this knowledge in the wake of the Royal Society’s publications and official evaluations.19
Considering The Genocidal Theory of AIDS
The 1998 report of Zhu et al.9 was well timed to help promote co-author Edward Hooper’s book, The River, which substantially reinforced a previously advanced OPV theory of AIDS’s origin,12 and gave only superficial consideration to possible hepatitis B vaccine contaminations as the zoonotic vector for transferring/transforming SIVcpz into the human AIDS virus by 1976.4 Hooper referenced Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola—Nature, Accident or Intentional? among the texts that explore the genocidal theory of AIDS which he credited for his background on the hepatitis B theory.13 He cautioned against blanket acceptance of the intentional theory of HIV/AIDS, which is consistent with the proposed AI investigation of the SVCP, but he did not rule out the possibility that HIV was released intentionally.4
As Weiss stated, theories involving the CIA in the origin of AIDS have gained wide acceptance.6 Investigations by Horowitz et al.2,3,13 focused on the CIA and the 1969 appropriations hearings in which the NAS–NRC was credited as the source of technical expertise for the U.S. Army’s development of AIDS-like viruses. At that time, biological weapons were of great interest to Nelson Rockefeller’s protégé, and Nixon administration National Seurity Advisor (NSA), Dr. Henry Kissinger. According to his biographer, and two previous CIA directors—William Colby and Richard Helms—Kissinger oversaw the CIA’s top secret biological weapons program called MK:NAOMI. Soon after becoming NSA, he ordered a review of such weapons capabilities.13-15
Furthermore, in the early 1970s, in keeping with U.S. Government and global industrialists’ initiatives reflecting Rockefeller-directed Population Council urgings for Third World depopulation, Kissinger requested and received National Special Security Memorandum 200 articulating the urgency of dramatically reducing African populations.16 At that time Kissinger and associates were leading advisors to the Merck pharmaceutical company whose president, George W. Merck, was America’s biological weapons industry director, as he had been since World War II.17
According to Hooper, the genocidal hypothesis of HIV/AIDS should be “taken with a grain of salt.”4 It is clear, however, that compelling evidence exits, albeit circumstantial, that U.S. Government officials, including Henry Kissinger, may have had something to do with the initial HIV/AIDS outbreak. At the precise time corresponding to the earliest transmissions of HIV/AIDS, Kissinger directed a national security cryptocracy that included corporate affiliates at the biological weapons contractor /vaccine maker Merck, as well as the traditional weapons contractor Litton Industries. Litton’s president, Roy Ash, also served in the Nixon administration overseeing American industry. Litton’s medical subsidiary, Bionetics, as detailed above, largely directed the NCI’s SVCP, administered America’s premier biological weapons testing center at Fort Detrick, Maryland, and supplied the chimpanzees, monkeys, monkey viruses, primate cell lines, and other resources for cancer research, biological weapons development, and vaccine manufacture.
Thus, Kissinger certainly maintained the means, through his official channels at Merck, Litton Bionetics, and the CIA, as well as the motive, to deploy AIDS-like viruses by 1974 in Merck’s HB vaccine. What is unconscionable to most people, Kissinger, a staunch advocate of African depopulation, would have considered it convenient that the emergence of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa coincided synchronously with the massive depopulation policy institutionalized with primary funding from the Rockefeller Foundation and the Merck Fund.2,3,13,14
Most recently, Kissinger’s direction of foreign genocidal operations has been heralded by even mainstream periodicals.36 In light of these revelations, it is stunning that Kissinger wrote his own genocide indemnification policy on behalf of the United States Government in Foreign Affairs published by the Council on Foreign Relations in 2001.37
The Challenge Before Us
“There is a crisis of public faith in science and scientists,” stated Dr. Julian Cribb, referring to the contentious manner in which origin of HIV/AIDS research and debate has been conducted thus far. “What I have described is . . . a systematic endeavour to suppress public discussion and scientific inquiry into this important [vaccine] hypothesis and to discredit its proponents over more than 12 years.”
He summarized before the esteemed Royal Society gathering. “Unless scientists are prepared to go into this issue objectively and transparently, it will damage the standing of science in the eyes of the community.” 19
Determining the origin of HIV/AIDS is vital for the following reasons according to Cribb: 1) to prevent similar calamities in the future; 2) to discover remedial methods and materials that might evolve from such knowledge; 3) to improve safety standards in viral laboratories and vaccine production facilities based on the knowledge of the pandemic’s origin; and 4) to restore faith and trust in this area of science and medicine. 19
Furthermore, Cribb argued, “If AIDS is iatrogenic, through an honest mistake, science may be forgiven. But if it seeks to bury the idea, first, it will fail and second, it will destroy public trust.” To the extent that the HB vaccine theory of AIDS is officially neglected, as Hamilton foretold: “This hypothesis is certainly not going to go away.”19
But if the HB vaccine theory on the origin of AIDS, as current science overwhelmingly supports and the “process of elimination” has virtually proven, is ultimately accepted, then Cribb’s forgivable “honest mistake” conjecture might need to be reexamined against more unnerving possibilities.
At the time of this writing, the U.S. Homeland Security Act passed the Senate virtually unanimously. Mysteriously incorporated in its text was a vaccine injury indemnity clause that freed drug companies from liabilities associated with specific vaccine ingredients, such as HIV precursors in the HB vaccines. With this gross violation of U.S. constitutional, civil, and human rights, hundreds of thousands of Americans have been forced to care, without compensation, for vaccine injured family members. If the U.S. Government is able to get away with this most blatant breach of public faith, what is it capable of doing covertly? Clearly, this current vaccine policy is a form of institutionalized genocide—defined as “the mass enslaving (pharmaceutically and otherwise) and killing of people for economics, politics, and/or ideology?”
So long as the above scientific facts and AIDS issues remain unaddressed by medicine’s mainstream, the implications are that AIDS science and vaccination policies, and likely all of science, has evolved in a vacuum devoid of ethics to serve political, economic, and/or ideological motives. Thus, by strict definition, genocide and iatrogenesis have much. So much so that regardless of whether HIV/AIDS originated by accident or intentionally, with this data, there is sufficient justification to coin a new most appropriate term—“iatrogenocide.”
Further research to test this hypothesis should include: retrospective epidemiological studies of homosexual populations in New York reported to have received the earliest HB vaccines; serological studies of any stored blood and/or serum from these early HB vaccine study subjects; likewise for the chimpanzees used in the preliminary trials and/or vaccine manufacture; and genetic analyses of viral components in samples of the vaccine lots used during these earliest HB vaccine trials (if still available).
About the Author
Leonard G. Horowitz, D.M.D., M.A., M.P.H., is an internationally known authority in the overlapping fields of public health, behavioral science, emerging diseases, and bioterrorism. He received his doctorate in medical dentistry from Tufts University School of Dental Medicine in 1977, was awarded a post-doctoral fellowship in behavioral science at the University of Rochester, earned a Master of Public Health degree from Harvard University, and another Master of Arts degree in health education from Beacon College, all before joining the research faculty at Harvard. Dr. Horowitz is best known for his national bestselling book, Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola—Nature, Accident or Intentional? (Tetrahedron Press, 1998; 1-888-508-4787)
which recently resulted in the United Stated General Accounting Office investigating the man-made origin of AIDS theory. (See: http://www.healingcelebrations.com/gao.htm ) Dr. Horowitz’s brilliant work in the field of vaccination risk awareness has prompted at least three Third World nations to change their vaccination policies. His recent stunning testimony before the United States Congress’ Government Reform Committee, literally brought the hearing to a halt. (See: http://www.healingcelebrations.com ) Dr. Horowitz questioned government health officials regarding a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) secreted report showing a definitive link between the mercury ingredient (i.e., thimerosal), common to most vaccinations, and the skyrocketing rates of autism and behavioral disorders affecting our children and the future our nation.
Incredibly, Dr. Horowitz alerted the FBI, in writing and in person, one week before the first anthrax mailing was announced in the press, that a “major anthrax fright” was in the process of unfolding that demanded the FBI’s urgent attention. Needless to say they did not heed Dr. Horowitz’s prophetic warning.
Moreover, three months before the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, Dr. Horowitz released his thirteenth book, prophetically titled Death in the Air: Globalism, Terrorism and Toxic Warfare. The book focuses on the West Nile Virus as an act of bioterroism, and considers what and who is really behind this and other recent outbreaks. Dr. Horowitz argues that his disclosures expose the roots of global terrorism, along with the individuals and organizations at the heart of what he calls “the petrochemical–pharmaceutical cartel.” He believes this “multi-national corporate beast” is in the process of committing global genocide, profiting from engineered frights, and at the same time, most efficiently culling targeted populations considered excessive.
Very recently, you may have heard that Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT), Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, called for an investigation into the links between the recent West Nile Virus outbreaks and bioterrrorism. Dr. Horowitz is the principle pioneer and investigator of this theory.
Dr. Horowitz’s contact information, books, audiotapes, and video programs are available through www.tetrahedron.org, or by calling 1-888-508-4787.
References
(1) Heinrich J. Origin of AIDS Virus. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office, GAO-02-809R; available from http:// www.gao.gov/main.html . See also:Tetrahedron Publishing Group press release, “U.S. GAO Commits Scientific Fraud In AIDS Inquiry: Congressional Investigators Conceal and Lie Says Expert,” available from healingcelebrations.com.
(2) Horowitz LG. Polio, hepatitis B and AIDS: an integrative theory on a possible vaccine induced pandemic. Med Hypoth 2001;56(5):677-686.
(3) Horowitz LG, Strecker R, Cantwell SR, Vid, D, and Grossman G. The Mysterious Origin of HIV: Reviewing the Natural, Iatrogenic and Genocidal Theories of AIDS. XI International Conference on AIDS, July 10, 1996, Vancouver, BC. Canada. See full text of abstract and presented paper Here
(4) Hooper E. The River. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1999.
(5) Hamilton, WD., quoted by Julian Cribb in “The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: can science afford to ignore it?” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2001;356:935-938.
(6) Weiss, RA, Natural and iatrogenic factors in human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Phil. Trans. R. Roc. Lond. B 2001;356,947-953.
(7) Yusim K, Peeters M. Pybus OG and Korber B, et al. Using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequences to infer historical features of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic and human immunodeficiency virus evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Roc. Lond. B 2001;356,855-866.
(8) Sharp PM, Bailes E, Chaudhuri RR and Hahn BH, et al. The origins of acquired immune deficiency syndrome viruses: where and when? Phil. Trans. R. Roc. Lond. B 2001;356,867-876.
(9) Zhu T, Korber BT, Nahmias AJ, Hooper E, Sharp PM and Ho DD. An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic. Nature 1998;391(Feb. 5):594-597.
(10) Burr T, Hyman JM and Myers G. The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Darwinian or Lamarchkian? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (2001) 356:877-887; For early research regarding the “Big Bang” theory of HIV, see also: Myers G, Macinnnes K and Myers L. “Phogenetic moments in the AIDS epidemic.” Chapter 12 in S.S. Morse, ed., Emerging Viruses (Oxford, Eng.: Oxford University Press, 1993).
(11) Marx PA, Alcabes PG and Drucker E.11 “Serial human passage of simian immunodeficiency virus by unsterile injections and the emergence of epidemic human immunodeficiency virus in Africa” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (2001) 356:911-920.
(12) Elswood B and Stricker R. Polio vaccine and the origin of AIDS. Med Hypoth 1994;42,347-354.
(13) Horowitz LG and Martin WJ. Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola—Nature, Accident or Intentional? Sandpoint, ID: Tetrahedron Publishing Group, 1998. Note: the Hilleman revelations concerning leukemia virus tainted yellow fever vaccines discussed on page 485 derive from a sequestered recorded interview conducted in 1986 by Edward Shorter for a Merck funded documentary, “The Health Century.”
(14) Horowitz LG. Death in the Air: Globalism, Terrorism and Toxic Warfare. Sandpoint, ID. Tetrahedron Publishing Group, 2001.
(15) Isaacson W. Kissinger. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992, p. 205.
(16) National Security Agency. National Special Security Memorandum 200: Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for U.S. Security and Overseas Interests. The White House: December 10, 1974 (Declassified July 3, 1989.).
(17) Covert NM. Cutting Edge: A history of Fort Detrick, Maryland 1943-1993. Fort Detrick , Maryland: U.S. Army Garrison, Public Affairs Office, 1993, pp. 17, 20, 39.
(18) Plotkin SA. Untruths and consequences: the false hypothesis linking CHAT type 1 polio vaccination to the origin of human immunodeficiency virus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol. Sci. 2001 Jun 29:356(1410):815-823.
(19) Cribb J. The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: can science afford to ignore it? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2001;356:935-938.
(20) Martin B. The burden of proof and the origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2001;356:939-938.
(21) Bliss M. Origin of AIDS (letter). The Lancet 2001;357 (January 6):73-74.
(22) Gao F, Bailes E, Shaw GM, Sharp PM and Hahn BH et al. Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Nature 1999 (Feb. 4);397:436-440. See also: Horowitz LG. Response to Zhu et al. 1959 Origin of AIDS. Unpublished letter to the editor of Nature. Available for review Here ; See also: Horowitz L. Analysis of Gao F and Bailes E study. Unpublished report available for review Here
(23) Poiesz B, Tomar R, Lehr B and Moore J. (along with anonymous CDC authors). Hepatitis B vaccine: Evidence confirming lack of AIDS transmission. MMWR 1984;33;49:685-687.
(24) Marriott SJ, Lee TH, Slagle B and Butel JS. Activation of the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat by the hepatitis B virus X protein. Virology 1996, 224;1:206-213.
(25) Higginson J and Muir CS. Epidemiologic program of the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) In: The National Cancer Program and International Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Monograph 1974 (40:65).
(26) Jamison E and Hobbs F. World Population Profile: 1994, With a Special Chapter Focusing on HIV/AIDS (WP/94) by Peter O. Way and Karen A. Stanecki). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, 1994.
(27) Goodfield J. Quest for the Killers. Basel; Stuttgart: Birkhauser, 1985, p. 94.
(28) Kanki PJ, Barin S, Essex M. et al. New human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV-IV) related to simian T-lymphotropicvirus Type III (STLV-IIIagm). Science 1986;232:238-43.
(29) Schultz TF. Origin of AIDS (letter). The Lancet 1992;339:867.
(30) Krugman S. Viral hepatitis type B: Prospects for active immunization. In: International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis, Milan, Dec. 1974. Develop. biol. Standard. Vol. 30, Munich: S. Karger Basel, 1975, pp. VI; 363-367; relevant general discussion can be found on pp.375-379; See also: Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J. Hepatitis virus: effect of health on the infectivity and antigenicity of the MS-1 and MS-2 strains. J Infectious Disease. 1970;122:432-6; Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J. Viral hepatitis, type B (MS-2 strain): Studies on active immunization. JAMA 1971;217:41-5; Krugman S, Giles JP. Viral hepatitis, type B (MS-2 strain); further observations on natural history and prevention. New England Journal of Medicine 1973;288:755-60; and Krugman S, Overby LR, Mushahwar IK, Ling C-M, Forsner GG and Deinhardt F. Viral hepatitis, type B: Studies on natural history and prevention reexamined. New England Journal of Medicine 1979;200:101-6.
(31) Beale J. Origin of AIDS (letter). The Lancet 2001;357 (January 6):73.
(32) Purcell RH. Current understanding of hepatitis B virus infection and its implications for immunoprophylaxis. In: Antiviral Mechanisms: Perspectives in Virology IX. The Gustav Stern Symposium. New York: Academic Press, 1975, pp. 49-76.
(33) NCI staff. The Special Virus Cancer Program: Progress Report #8 [and #9]. Office of the Associate Scientific Director for Viral Oncology (OASDVO). J. B. Moloney, Ed., Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1971 [and 1972]. Note: This is a very hard publication to find. Few library data bases have it listed, including the NCI Library at Fort Detrick. It is available through the Davis Library, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Government Documents Department Depository, Reference # HE 20.3152:V81. The Litton “support services” contracts that included primate supplies are found on pp. 187-88 and 326-327 of the reports. Litton’s list of mutant viruses, including retroviruses, and other experimental infectious agents including AuAg is found on pp. 279-280 and 284 of Project Report #8, of 1971; for additional documentation on hepatitis and herpes experimentation in Uganda before 1971 see: Higginson J and Muir CS. Epidemiologic program of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In: The National Cancer Program and International Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Monograph, 1974; 40:65.
(34) Rabin H, Kinard R. Gruber J and Pearson G. Bionetics Research Laboratories, Inc. (NIH 71-2025) Investigations of viral carcinogenesis in primates. Here reference is made to “Drs. McAllister, Gardiner, and Huebner” having “isolated” the cat-human hybrid oncornavirus, RD-114, “from a human sarcoma” as early as 1971. See reprinted contract summary in Horowitz, Op cit. 1998, p. 429.
(35) Shilts R. The Band Played On. New York: Penguin Books, 1987, p. 107.
(36) Hitchens C. The Case Against Henry Kissinger. Harper’s Magazine, February and March, 2001.
(37) Kissinger HA. The pitfalls of universal jurisdiction. Foreign Affairs. July/August 2001. Preview available from through http://www.foreignaffaris.org .
posted
Furthermore, on the blood sample taken from the corpse of a male presumably found in the Congo region in 1959, here are instructive words from the person who had firsthand involvement in the analysis of the blood sample:
"Paul Sharp apparently claims [see Susman article] that in 1959 "there were probably thousands of people in the region" between Cameroon and Kinshasa who were already suffering from AIDS. This is not the first time that Paul Sharp has suggested this, but it gives some idea of the superficial nature of some of his analysis. The reality is that there is **zero evidence** of either early HIV-1 infection or of early AIDS in either Cameroon or Congo Brazzaville. Now let us look at Africa as a whole. Even after more than twenty years of searching for early African samples in Africa, North America and Europe, only one single sample of HIV-1 has been found that dates from before 1970. (This is ZR59, an HIV-1 sequence that was obtained from plasma sample L70, which was allegedly collected in 1959 from Leopoldville. The portion of the HIV-1 genome of ZR59 that has been sequenced is **tiny**, representing **less than 5%** of the entire virus.) Furthermore, there is no convincing report of AIDS-like disease in Africa before 1962 (a woman originating from Lisala, DRC), and no further convincing example prior to 1973 (a child born somewhere in the DRC, perhaps in Kinshasa). These findings conflict sharply with Professor Sharp's claim that "thousands" of Africans were affected with AIDS by 1959. Perhaps he believes that only Western doctors would report such unusual conditions, or record them for posterity. If so, perhaps he should bear in mind that the Belgian Congo, Cameroon and Congo Brazzaville were still staffed with Belgian and French doctors up to independence in 1960 - and in many cases after that as well…
One argument they frequently use in support of phylogenetic dating relates to ZR59, a short sequence from an HIV-1 isolate that apparently dates from 1959. The daters claim that this sequence ties in remarkably well with an MRCA date of around 1931. As it happens, I was the person who made the initial moves, in 1995, to get this earliest of HIV-1 isolates analysed by PCR techniques, and as a result I was a co-author of the paper that was subsequently published about the ZR59 sequence in Nature in 1998. Paul Sharp and Bette Korber were brought in later on to help with the phylogenetic analysis, and I know that there was some considerable controversy about how to interpret the partial sequence (representing less than 5% of the HIV-1 genome). Having done further research since the publication of that article, I now also know that there is considerable doubt about the provenance of L70, the plasma sample that provided the ZR59 sequence.
It is not yet time to tell the full story, but what I can state is this. There is a striking lack of precise information about the L70 sample. All that can be stated with certainty is that it was obtained from a male subject from Leopoldville who had the sickling trait and G6PD deficiency. However, I now know that this sample was not obtained in 1959, but rather at some time between 1960 and 1963. Moreover, the male may have been a boy, rather than an adult man (as has always been assumed). If indeed L70 came from a boy who was aged nine or less in 1963, then that boy would almost certainly have been immunised with CHAT vaccine between 1958 and 1960. Furthermore, the L70 sample was originally obtained not by one of the two scientists so credited in the initial paper, but almost certainly by one of their collaborators, a Belgian scientist who, from mid-1960 until early 1961, was also responsible for looking after the final 50 or 60 chimpanzees from the group that was experimented upon at Lindi and Stanleyville between 1956 and 1960. Whether or not that last detail is relevant is not clear. What is clear is that the HIV-1 sample that significantly predates all others has an unexpectedly opaque history.
From the exchanges herein, I've a feeling that certain people didn't actually bother themselves with prior posts made herein, before diving into the ongoing discussion.
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posted
Looks like I missed some rounds, man, it looks like DJe's gotten knocked out and is arguing that he's still in it.
That question about the spread does make you wonder. Especially the connections with homosexuals, in more ways than one. I'm starting to see what Supercar was trying to forebode.
quote:Super: Show how HIV became pandemic, and why it has been attributed to 'homo-sexuals' in America and Europe, who may never have seen Africa in their lifetime
Judging from that chart, Russia / North Asia is hit sgnificantly too, but
R U 2 you do raise a great question for your argument concerning the prevalence among Africans.
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That question about the spread does make you wonder. Especially the connections with homosexuals, in more ways than one. I'm starting to see what Supercar was trying to forebode.
I don't proclaim to have the answers to "AIDS/HIV" origins, but I do have questions pertaining to theories out there. The methods that went into producing vaccines isn't farfetched as agents of the spread of the disease imo, when considering the timelines of AIDS and its pandemic status, and to that extent, an analytical piece/article was provided. It is falsifiable material, and it is left to challengers to rise to the occasion and address the points made therein.
On another note, as it turns out, the same group which re-analyzed the "1959" European male's tissue for "AIDS", was the same one which assessed the blood sample from the male claimed to have been taken from the Congo region around "1959"; they were then appointed by the Company which wanted to clear its name off possible vaccine triggering of HIV/AIDS:
"Dr. Williams said he located the tissue samples taken from Mr. Carr in 1987. Unfortunately, there was no test for HIV at the time that was sophisticated enough to use in such dried-out material. (The HIV antibody test was designed to work primarily on blood serum).
Then, towards the end of the 1980s, scientists had developed a new technique for amplifying minute quantities of DNA--the genetic blueprint--from all manner of tissue fragments. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test had revolutionised forensic science and was now about to be employed on the mortal remains of David Carr.
Dr. Williams sent some samples to Gerald Corbitt, in the hospital's virology unit. Together with his research assistant, Andrew Bailey, Dr. Corbitt applied the PCR test to the tissue and had a positive result: they found that HIV had infiltrated the DNA. Dr. Corbitt, however, wanted to be absolutely sure that this was not a "false positive" result. He was well aware that the PCR test was so sensitive that it could quite easily amplify any stray molecules of HIV that may contaminate the samples, so he asked Dr. Williams to send him some more tissue, but this time in a proper "blind" trial.
Dr. Williams therefore sent Dr. Corbitt 12 tissue samples in separate tubes. Six came from David Carr and six from a man of a similar age who had died in a traffic accident in the same year. Neither Dr. Corbitt nor Mr. Bailey knew which sample came from which patient because only Dr. Williams had access to the code describing what each tube contained. Dr. Williams said he kept the code in a locked drawer and no one but himself had seen it. "When I say no one, I mean no one," he told the Independent.
The blind experiment went ahead. Mr. Bailey, who did much of the bench work, performed the PCR test on each of the 12 tissue samples. He and Dr. Corbitt went to extraordinary lengths to avoid contamination because they knew how sensitive the PCR test can be.
The work was done in a laboratory where, as far as they know, researchers had never handled HIV. As an added precaution, half a dozen different rooms where used for each stage of the experiment and the scientists wore disposable gloves, gowns and hats while working with the samples in an air-filtered hood.
They had even asked Dr. Williams to slice sections off the stored tissue blocks using different laboratory knives. Dr. Williams said he also washed the knives in alcohol to make absolutely sure there was no cross-contamination.
Mr. Bailey repeated the PCR experiment twice and got the same results each time: four of the tissues were positive for HIV, eight were negative. It was left to Dr. Corbitt to phone over the results to Dr. Williams, who had the code to hand.
Dr. Corbitt read the results through "one by one" and was told that the four positives all came from David Carr. Kidney, bone marrow, spleen and throat tissue all had HIV present. Tissue from Carr's brain and liver were negative, as were all the tissue samples from the "negative control".
The results surprised Dr. Corbitt because they were better than he ever expected. "An occasional false positive wouldn't come as any great surprise, so to get the correlation of the sort we got did surprise me," he said.
With Mr. Bailey and Dr. Williams, he quickly submitted the results of the research to the Lancet, which published them as a short letter on 7 July, 1990. The resulting international publicity was huge. The three researchers, along with Dr. Stretton and Dr. Leonard, were feted on both sides of the Atlantic. The New York Times proclaimed: "Puzzle of sailor's death solved after 31 years: the answer is AIDS."
The central reason for the apologetic statement was that the committee of scientists had taken the case of the Manchester seaman into account in its review of Rolling Stone's theory. The scientists--appointed by the Wistar Institute--said in their report: "{The Manchester man} had returned to England by the first half of 1957, before the Congo trial was begun. Therefore, it can be stated with almost complete certainty, that the large polio vaccine trial begun in 1957 in Congo was not the origin of AIDS."
A Wistar Institute press statement in October 1992 reiterated the importance of the 1959 case: "The most conclusive evidence refuting the origin of AIDS theory involves the earliest documented case of HIV-1 infection--a merchant marine {sic} who was symptomatic in 1958 and died of AIDS in 1959 in Manchester, England. "While this man travelled abroad to northern Africa beginning in 1955, he had returned to England by the first half of 1957, before the Congo trial was begun."
However, it was the tenacity of one member of this committee-- David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Centre in New York City and professor of medicine and microbiology at New York University School of Medicine--that has now cast grave doubts over the scientific validity of the case of the Manchester sailor.
Professor Ho contacted the Manchester researchers in 1992 to learn more about the man, who had subsequently been named in the Sunday Express.
Professor Ho asked for samples to perform PCR tests himself. Manchester University's Gerald Corbitt said that after the Lancet letter of 1990 he and Andrew Bailey had tried to sequence the genetic code of HIV but had only limited success.
They had managed to get a partial DNA sequence--enough to know it was HIV-1 and not the other major type of AIDS virus, HIV-2--but had recognised their limitations. "To be perfectly truthful, we are a hospital diagnostic laboratory and we were beginning to get out of our depth," Dr. Corbitt said.
Professor Ho's lab, however, was a specialist AIDS centre and was accustomed to performing difficult PCR tests and rapid genetic sequencing. Soon after being sent processed DNA from kidney tissue--which had been left over from the 1990 experiment--Professsor Ho was able to isolate the entire sequence of HIV "with ease".
He did this in 1993 and now had the complete virus, from one end of its genetic code to the other. He also found that this genetic sequence was identical to the partial sequence of Corbitt and Bailey--scientific confirmation that it was the same virus isolated earlier by the two Manchester virologists.
The sequence, however, began to puzzle Professor Ho following a discussion he had with Gerald Myers, director of the HIV Sequence Database at the US's Los Alamos National Laboratory, in New Mexico, and a world authority on the genetics of the virus. "Gerry told us his concerns about the possibility that it was a contaminant. All the calculations and analyses Gerry did suggested that it could be a contaminant . . . {The virus} did not make any sense based on everything he has known about them," Professor Ho said.
Dr. Myers was well aware from nearly a decade's work on the AIDS virus that it is one of the fastest evolving life-forms. Its speed of change is dramatic. He estimated the strains of HIV circulating in the world alter their DNA sequence by about 1 per cent per year. This would mean the "1959 virus"--which presumably must have infected Carr years earlier--should have differed from 1990 strains by 30 per cent or more.
The essential problem Dr. Myers had identified is that the virus supposedly dating back to 1959 was to all intents and purposes identical to strains of HIV circulating in North America and Europe in 1990. "You couldn't distinguish it from a 1990 virus," Professor Ho said. Dr. Myers dismissed the 1959 virus as an "aberration".
Further evidence suggested that if this was a 1990 contaminant, it was no ordinary contaminant. For a start, Professor Ho had identified "quasi-species" of HIV in the initial samples sent from Manchester. This means the virus he had detected was present as swarms of slightly different forms, indicating it was a genuine HIV infection with multiple copies of actively replicating virus. It could not be a one-off contamination.
Secondly, any accidental PCR contamination would be unlikely to result in an entire virus ending up in experimental material. Professor Ho was able to sequence the complete virus, which could only mean one of two things: either a complete clone of HIV had somehow got into the tissue sample or the tissue was genuinely infected with the virus.
The former is most unlikely, he said, because few laboratories use HIV clones (and Dr. Corbitt's lab is not one of them) and in any case all sequences of such clones are known, and the sequence he determined was not from any known HIV clone in the world.
This left the New York scientists with an uncomfortable conclusion. "Given what we've done now in the past few months we would think the initial sequence was incorrect or there's been a sample mix-up . . . We even discussed wild ideas that someone intentionally provided us with a sample that just came from a contemporary AIDS patient," Professor Ho said.
In summary, he concluded that the initial sample of genetic material from kidney tissue sent from Manchester was genuinely infected with HIV but that this virus was disturbingly similar to 1990 strains. He faxed a note to Dr. Corbitt in January 1994 saying how he was "greatly troubled" by the sequence. Professor Ho was so concerned that he decided to ask the Manchester researchers for the actual tissue samples themselves, rather than processed DNA supposedly derived from them, to see for himself whether they contained HIV. After several months delay, in February 1994, he received a set of nine tissue batches from Dr. Williams and Dr. Corbitt. Each was embedded in their original paraffin blocks.
After an exhaustive series of tests using the most sensitive PCR tests available, however, he failed to find any evidence of HIV infection in any of the tissues, including kidney, throat, liver, heart, bone marrow, brain and pancreas.
As a final check, Professor Ho employed a sophisticated DNA test to see whether this set of tissues all came from the same person--they did. However, when he compared them against the DNA sent to him earlier, he was shocked to discover that this HIV-positive tissue was from another person. Furthermore, the size of fragments of a gene the scientists used as another check on their PCR technology indicated the two sets of samples from Manchester were from tissues of significantly different ages.
The HIV-positive tissue generated large gene fragments, a clear indication it was recent tissue, whereas the second batch of HIV-negative tissue produced small fragments, showing the DNA had degraded, as it does in older tissue. Everything pointed to the positive batch coming from a 1990 AIDS patient.
The 1990 Lancet research had therefore failed the ultimate scientific test of its validity: replication by other scientists. It will now have to be retracted. The tissues of David Carr appear after all to have been HIV negative and his fatal illness the result of another, unexplained cause. Mr. Carr's condition remains as much a mystery today as it was in 1959."
Interestingly the European male was determined to have died from the symptoms akin to those of AIDS, and initially tested postive. This was later on deemed not to be the case, but that the positive result was due to 'misplacement' of tissues in the lab. Even though the character of symptoms that this person suffered from are known, it is now proclaimed that his death remains a mystery.
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I do understand that we need strong scientific evidence to support the claim that HIV/AIDS was iatrogentic ... which this article has made a strong argument for.
What else do we need in order to prove that this is a man-made disease? As I stated to Djehuti ... African Americans and continental Africans know that AIDS was man made and it didn't effect Africa until Europeans showed up.
Note: African American is not just referring to Northern Americans but Southern African Americans as well; including Caribs populations and others ...
I remember in the early 90's this AA student went to Africa thinking that they were helping and he found these vial that were actual given to the Africans verse what they left with as health remedies. He brought this to the American attention and soon after he was found dead.
I'm asking you what is need exactly in order to have unrefutable proof because if this isn't enough then it doesn't seem that there will ever be enough information to prove this was a planned disease.
Peace!~
Posts: 951 | From: where rules end and freedom begins | Registered: Jun 2004
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I do understand that we need strong scientific evidence to support the claim that HIV/AIDS was iatrogentic ... which this article has made a strong argument for.
What else do we need in order to prove that this is a man-made disease?
Outside of the investigations into vaccines and other laboratory tests advanced by the likes of Ed. Hooper and Leonard Horowitz as most probable agents for the generation and spread of the disease, as presented in the links posted herein, not sure what else. However, the burden of proof to the contrary of their assessments lies with those who seek to challenge them. It's only fair.
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posted
I have a few more doctors that I would like to include into this inluding Dr. Allen Cantell who has written two books on this man made disease.
PITTSBURGH Brotherly Lovers Of Original Democracy, founded 1994 in Philadelphia to spearhead a class action lawsuit against Uncle Sam for bio-enginering AIDS, has collected over 3,000 signatures from all 50 United States. Witnessing the unprecidented openness of the Clinton Administration in dealing with similar situations, such as cold war radiation experiments conducted upon thousands of unsuspecting poor people, Gulf War Syndrome (increasingly linked to experimental biowarfare vaccines given to a half-million U.S. troops), and a presidential apology for the racist Tuskgegee syphilis study from 1932 to 1972, Brotherly Lovers is pursuing a Congressional hearing rather than a class action.
On June 6, 1969 (the same month as the Stonewall Uprising launched the Gay Rights Movement) Pentagon spokesman Dr. Donald MacArthur testified before Congress:
"Within the next five to ten years, it would probably be possible to make a new infective microorganism which could differ in certain important aspects from any known disease-causing organism. Most important of these is that it might be refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease. A research program to explore the feasibility of this could be completed in approximately five years at a total cost of $10 million." (HB 15090, pg 129)
Indeed, "a disease-causing organism... refractory [resistant] to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease" appeared within "5 to 10 years." HIV is the first and only disease to fulfill such a definition.
Proving that AIDS emerged simultaneously in Africa and America in the late 1970s, Scientific American (March 1996) published, "The African AIDS Epidemic," which states: "One frequently mentioned explanation for the severe epidemic in the AIDS belt is that the virus originated here and continues to move outward from an epicenter of disease. But AIDS cases appeared in hospitals in Uganda and Rwanda at the same time they did in the West, and no stored human-tissue samples taken from Africans during the 1970s are HIV-positive."
The earliest cases of AIDS are stored blood samples from New York City in January 1979 (two months after the beginning of the hepatitis-B vaccine trials upon gay men from Manhattan.
1984 tests revealed that 6.6% of the 1979 blood-samples were found to be HIV-positive. By 1985, 66% of the men in the hepatitis-B trial tested HIV-positive.)
In 1990 researchers announced that tissue samples taken in 1959 from a British sailor named David Carr tested HIV-positive and was widely touted as proof that AIDS had existed for decades. However, upon further testing by America's leading geneticist, Dr. David Ho, it was concluded "that the material came not from one person but at least two individuals. Whether that is an accident or something else we have no way of saying." (New York Times, 4/4/95) The researchers responsible for David Carr's false-positive HIV test acknowleged it resulted from contamination within their laboratory in a letter published by the journal Lancet (January 1996). Andrew Bailey and Gerald Corbitt wrote: "We must conclude that we find no evidence... to suggest that the 1959 Manchester patient carried HIV."
Robert Strecker, M.D., Ph.D., and Ted Strecker, Esq., were hired by a California HMO in 1983 to research the potential impact of AIDS, and studied hundreds of scientific journals which led them to conclude that the AIDS virus was predicted in 1966, requested in 1969, produced in the early 1970s and unleashed in the late 1970s via smallpox and hepatitis B vaccine trials in Africa and America. "The Strecker Memorandum" presents this fully documented information in a 97-minute video that was sent to every member of Congress in 1984, and is available at many alternative bookstores.
Alan Cantwell Jr, M.D. has published two well-documented books, AIDS and the Doctors of Death (1988) and Queer Blood (1993) outlining the man-made origin of AIDS. Dr. Cantwell, who has published over 30 papers on his cancer microbe research, initially dismissed AIDS biowarfare as absurd until he investigated the evidence compiled by the Strecker brothers. Queer Blood won the Benjamin Franklin Book Award in 1994.
William Campbell Douglas, M.D., National Health Federation's 1985 Doctor of the Year, published AIDS:The End of Civilization, 1989, detailing the development of HIV by scientists working at the army's biowarfare lab at Fort Detrick, Maryland.
John Seale, M.D. concludes AIDS was man-made in "Origins of the AIDS Viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2: Fact or Fiction?" (The British Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 81:617-619, 1988) .
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas E. Bearden (U.S. Army, retired) published AIDS Biological Warfare in 1988 which maintains that HIV was developed in American biowarfare labs. Bearden holds a Master of Science degree in nuclear engineering and a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics, and heads an aerospace firm in Georgia.
Dr. Leonard Horowitz, DMD, MA, MPH, a Harvard graduate, published Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola -- Nature, Accident or Genocide in 1996. OutpostS Book Review calls it: "The most massive, well-documented assembly of evidence ever published in support of the idea that the AIDS virus could have been manufactured as a biological weapon... If you scoff at the notion, you won't be so cocky once you see how much evidence exists."
Washington State Supreme Court Justice William Goodloe (retired) wrote a letter in 1990 supporting published articles by award-winning journalist, Peter MacKenzie: "I have heard and seen reports of the possible artificial origin of the AIDS virus, but until this report have not seen such compelling evidence of its truth. Mr. MacKenzie has assembled a remarkable documentation of heretofore unpublished data, and an immediate governmental investigation at the highest level should be commenced."
Samuel Evans, Chairman of the National Council of Public Auditors, sent the following letter to every member of Congress in 1989:
"I address this letter to you requesting a Congressional investigation into the 'allegations' that our government is financing research and development through genetic heredity engineering to multiply certain viruses to kill specific racial groups...The multitude of allegations, statements, news articles and personal testimony demands prompt clarification. For instance, it is alleged:
1. That Col. David L. Huxsoll, commander of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases at Fort Detrick, Md., has received $60 million for research in biological ethnic weapons.
2. That it might be possible to wage ethnic warfare by developing substances that affect one race more than another. According to Newsweek magazine, Jan. 16, 1989, an example would include 'Valley fever, which is much more likely to kill blacks than whites.' Another substance, developed at a southern California university, is believed to kill only people with melanin in their skin.
3. That it is a coincidence that Fort Detrick, which is where Col. Huxsoll's biological research is being conducted, is also the site of AIDS research....
These allegations go to the very root of our constitutional form of government and basic world human rights, and must be responded to by elected governmental officials on all levels. Nothing less than a Congressional hearing and investigation that may lead to a full world conference in the United Nations is needed to clarify and defuse the alleged mentally deranged plan of world depopulation by ethnic weapons." (Published in the Executive Intelligence Review, 3/17/89)
The Report of the President's Chemical Warfare Commission admits, "The rapid advances of genetic technology -- in which the US for now is fortunately the leader -- offer the predictable likelihood of new agents being developed for which no vaccines or counteragents are known or available." (Govt. Printing Office, 1985)
Erwin Chargaff, Professor Emeritus of Columbia University and recipient of the National Medal of Science for his work with DNA, warned of such research: "I should say that the spreading of experimental cancer may be confidently expected." (New York Times Magazine, 8/22/76)
The Foundation for Economic Trends, in a 1987 lawsuit, forced the Department of Defense to divulge its operation of 127 chemical and biological warfare research sites in the U.S., including universities and corporations, as reported by Science Magazine (2/27/87).
The New Delhi Patriot (India), on July 4, 1984, was the first newspaper in the world to run a story claiming AIDS was created in a U.S. Biological Warfare Lab (contrary to FBI disinformation that the story originated as Soviet propaganda).
The Literaturnya Gazeta (U.S.S.R.) first reported that the U.S. military of bioengineered AIDS sixteen months later, on October 30, 1985.
The Sunday Express (London) interviewed the American doctor who was the first to state publically that AIDS was bioengineered: Robert Strecker, M.D., Ph.D. (10/26/86) All sources cited by Strecker are from respected medical and scientific journals (Bulletin of the United Nations World Health Organization 1972; Fogerty International Center Proceedings, #15, 31:1087-1104, 1972; Seventh National Cancer Conference Proceedings, pp. 679-684, 1972; Progressive Medical Virology 14:1-35, 1972; Nature 230:445-447, 1972; Texas Medicine 69:65-75, 1973; Journal of Virology 12:1540-1547, 1973; Cancer Research 34:2745-2757, 1974; Quantitative Biology 39:847-857, 1974; Journal of Virology 13:197-204, 1974; Journal of Experimental Medicine 143:187-205, 1976; Veterinary Microbiology 1:351-357, 1976; Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 73:1073-1077, 1976; Cancer Research 36:3851-3853, 1976; Virology 77:534-544, 1977; Science 201:821-824, 1978; Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 73:447-451, 1978; Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 75:2972-2976, 1978; Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 75:2468-2472, 1978; Journal of General Virology 38:375-381, l978; and the Journal of General Virology 42:1-26, 1979, etc).
The New York Native was the first American paper to report the story, quoting an anonymous source who worked for the Fort Detrick Biological Warfare Lab in Bethesda, Maryland, and claimed that the AIDS biowarfare program was called "Operation Firm Hand." (4/13/87)
The New York Times reported that "Fort Detrick was the Army's biological warfare development center until 1969 and is now the site of some AIDS-related research." (4/8/87) It is strange that the Pentagon's biowarfare lab would be converted into an AIDS research lab. A comment by a Fort Detrick official published in the Philadelphia Daily News implies that the lab is involved in much more than researching the cause and treatment of AIDS. Col. David L. Huxsoll told a meeting of scientists, "studies at the Army laboratories have shown that the AIDS virus would be an extremely poor biological warfare agent." (2/18/87) Yet, the latest government study shows AIDS to be a very good selective killer.
The National Research Council concluded, "HIV infection and AIDS will remain limited to specific geographic areas and risk groups identified at the beginning of the epidemic: gay men and more particularly an ever-growing population of urban, drug-addicted, poverty-ridden, malnourished, hopeless and medically deprived people." (The Wall Street Journal, 3/17/93)
Tony Brown's Journal, the longest-running black public affairs program on PBS, aired a four-part series on man-made AIDS: "The First AIDS Whistle-Blower" with Dr. Strecker (#1214); "What Causes AIDS" with Dr. Cantwell (#1215); "Is AIDS A Biological Experiment?" with Dr. Leonard Cole (#1217); and "Is AIDS Man-made?" with Dr. Rudolph Jackson (#1132). Bill Cosby stated his belief that AIDS was man-made on CNN, Thanksgiving 1991. Polls show two-thirds of African Americans believe AIDS to be man-made.
The London Times ran a front page story, "SMALLPOX VACCINE TRIGGERED AIDS VIRUS," (5/11/87) in which two World Health Organization officials connected the outbreak of AIDS in Africa to the 1977 smallpox vaccination program. This important story never appeared in any mainstream U.S. news media. Nor has the 1979 New York City hepatitis B vaccine trial blood samples containing the first confirmed cases of AIDS.
A Higher Form of Killing, the 1982 underground bestseller by journalists Robert Harris and Jeremy Paxman, documents hundreds of incidents in which the U.S. Army admittedly experimented upon soldiers and civilians with chemicals and viruses in cities such as San Francisco. Current congressional hearings reveal deadly radiation experiments were conducted on countless unconsenting citizens by the U.S. military during the 1950s, '60s and '70s.
Dr. Garth Nicolson, who works for the largest cancer center in the world and has authored over 400 scientific papers, notes "very strong evidence that the Gulf War syndrome is caused in part by infectious microbes specially modified for biological warfare. The type of mycoplasma we identified was highly unusual and it almost certainly couldn't occur naturally. It has one gene from the HIV-1 virus -- but only one gene. This meant it was almost certainly an artificially modified microbe. When we looked at the history of mycoplasma research we found evidence that the military had funded vaccine testing in a Texas prison well before the Gulf War. When we checked with the prison we learned that many of the prisoners involved -- plus prison guards and family members -- were currently ill with the same symptoms as Gulf War syndrome. Further, we were able to study samples of these prisoners' blood and found that they were infected with the same unique mycoplasma that was infecting 50,000 Gulf War veterans. I am the author of some of the most important scientific papers published in the last 20 years. Yet, since we have been working on this issue we've encountered many attempts to block papers and articles from publication and our mail, phone and fax have been intercepted." (Dr. Nicolson, Tel: 714-476-0204, Direct: 714-476-7933, Fax: 714-757-0419.)
U.S. Representative Pat Schroeder (D. Colo.) responded to Dr. Nicolson's research: "This country cannot stand another cover-up.... Now we have a respected scientist with very impressive professional credentials who says he not only identified the cause of Gulf War syndrome, but he knows how to cure it as well. And this vital information is being ignored by the Pentagon and the Department of Veteran's Affairs. That's outrageous! This matter should be thoroughly investigated by the House National Security Committee. I plan to request such an investigation."
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Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic there have been persistent rumors that the disease was man-made, and that HIV was deliberately "introduced" into the American gay and the African black populations as a germ warfare experiment. This so-called conspiracy theory was quickly squelched by virologists and molecular biolologists, who blamed primates in the African bush and human sexuality for the introduction and spread of HIV. In the fall of 1986 the Soviets shocked the world by claiming that HIV was secretly developed at Fort Detrick, the U.S. Army's biological warfare unit. Although the claim was dismissed as "infectious propaganda", Russian scientists had worked hand in hand with biological warfare scientists in the transfer of viruses and virus-infected tissue into various non-human primates (monkeys, apes, chimps) during the 1970s before AIDS appeared. With improved international relationships, the Russian accusation vanished.
Although evidence supporting the man-made theory has never been mentioned in the major U.S. media, the theory continues to be ridiculed. For example, in the San Francisco Chronicle,( "Quest for the Origin of AIDS", January 14, 2001), William Carlsen writes: "In the early years of the AIDS epidemic, theories attempting to explain the origin of the disease ranged from the comic to the bizarre: a deadly germ escaped from a secret CIA laboratory; God sent the plague down to punish homosexuals and drug addicts; it came from outer space, riding on the tail of a comet."
AIDS certainly did not come from the hand of God or outer space. However, there is ample evidence to suspect the hand of man in the outbreak of AIDS that first began in the late 1970s in New York City.
Creating AIDS in animals before the epidemic Lost in the history of AIDS is evidence pointing to HIV as a virus whose origin traces back to animal cancer retrovirus experimentation in the "pre-AIDS" years of the 1960s and 70s. Evidence linking the introduction of HIV into gays and blacks via vaccine experiments and programs in the late 1970s has been totally ignored in favor of the politically correct theory claiming that HIV originated in chimpanzees in the African rain forest, and that HIV "jumped species" into the African population around 1930 or even earlier.
Conveniently overlooked is the series of outbreaks of AIDS-like epidemics that broke out in U.S. primate centers, beginning in 1969. A decade before AIDS, the first of five recorded epidemics of "simian AIDS" erupted in a colony of stump-tailed macaques housed in a primate lab at Davis, California. Most of the macaques died. Two types of primate immunodeficiency viruses were eventually discovered as the cause. A few silently infected monkeys transferred to the primate colony at Yerkes in Atlanta subsequently died of simian AIDS in the late 1980s. Veterinarians claim the origin of the simian AIDS outbreak is unknown. However, one obvious possibility is the experimental transfer of viruses between various primate species, which is common practice in animal laboratories.
In 1974 veterinarians actually created an AIDS-like disease when newborn chimps were removed from their mothers and weaned exclusively on virus-infected milk from cows infected with "bovine C-type virus." Within a year the chimps died of leukemia and pneumocystis pneumonia (the "gay pneumonia" of AIDS). Both diseases had never been observed in chimps before this virus-transfer experiment.
Also downplayed is the laboratory creation of feline leukemia and "cat AIDS" by the transfer of HIV-like cat retroviruses in the mid-1970s. These experiments were conducted at Harvard by Myron (Max) Essex, later to become a famous AIDS researcher. All this man-made creation of AIDS in laboratory animals directly preceded the "mysterious" 1979 introduction of HIV into gay men, the most hated minority in America.
Nowadays, scientists hunt for "ancestor" viruses of HIV in chimps in the African wild and ignore all the immunosuppressive viruses that were created in virus laboratories shortly before AIDS. No consideration is given to any of these lab viruses as possible man-made ancestors of the many "strains" of HIV (and HIV-2) that jumped species to produce AIDS in humans.
The gay experiments that preceded AIDS (1978-1981)
Scientists also discount any connection between the official outbreak of AIDS in 1981 and the experimental hepatitis B vaccine program (1978-1981) at the New York Blood Center in Manhattan that used gays as guinea pigs shortly before the epidemic. Curiously, the exact origin of AIDS in the United States remains unstudied. Health authorities simply blame promiscuous gay men, but never adequately explain how a black heterosexual African disease could have transformed itself exclusively into a white young gay male disease in Manhattan.
Researchers claim HIV incubated in Africa for more that a half century until AIDS broke out there in 1982. However, in the U.S. there was no incubation period for gay men. As soon as homosexuals signed up as guinea pigs for government-sponsored hepatitis B vaccine experiments, they began to die with a strange virus of unknown origin. The hepatitis B experiments began in Manhattan in the fall of 1978; the first few cases of AIDS (all young gays from Manhattan) were reported to the CDC in 1979.
Scientists have also failed to explain how a brand new herpes virus was also introduced exclusively into gays, along with HIV, in the late 1970s. This herpes virus is now believed to be the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma, the so-called "gay cancer" of AIDS. Before AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma was never seen in healthy young men. Identified a decade after HIV, in 1994, this KS virus is closely related to a primate cancer-causing herpes virus extensively studied and transferred in animal laboratories in the decade before AIDS.
Also downplayed to the public is a new microbe (Mycoplasma penetrans), also of unknown origin, that was introduced into homosexuals, along with HIV and the new herpes virus. Thus, not one but three new infectious agents were inexplicably transferred into the gay population at the start of the epidemic (HIV, the herpes KS virus, and M.penetrans).
In his book, Virus [2000], Luc Montagnier (the French virologist who co-discovered HIV) blames promiscuous American gay tourists for bringing this new mycoplasma to Africa, and for bringing back HIV. He provides no evidence for this homophobic theory. Nor does he mention the various mycoplasmas that were passed around in the 1970s in scientific labs, and the fact that these microbes were frequent contaminants in virus cultures and vaccines.
Why are all these simultaneous introductions of new infectious agents into gay men ignored by scientists? Surely a credible explanation would be important in determining the origin of HIV and AIDS.
Why are scientists so opposed to the man-made theory? And why do they believe so passionately in the chimp theory? One explanation might be that scientists don't want the public to know what happened to the tens of thousands of imported primates who were held captive in laboratories throughout the world in the decade before AIDS.
The forgotten Special Virus Cancer Program (1964-1977)
Rarely mentioned by AIDS scientists and media reporters is the fact that surgeons have been transplanting chimpanzee parts (and chimp viruses) into people for decades. When Keith Reemtsma died in June 2000, at age 74, he was hailed as a pioneer in cross-species organ transplants (now known as xenotransplantation). By 1964 he had already placed six chimpanzee kidneys into six patients. All his patients died, but eventually Reemtsma succeeded in many successful human-to-human organ transplants.
Much more likely to have spread primate (chimp and monkey) viruses to human beings is the largely forgotten Special Virus Cancer Program (SVCP). This research program was responsible for the development, the production, the seeding, and the deployment of various animal cancer and immunosuppressive AIDS-like viruses and retroviruses. These laboratory created viruses were capable of inducing disease when transferred between animal species and also when transplanted into human cells and tissue.
The SVCP began in 1964 as a government-funded program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Bethesda, Maryland. Originally designed to study leukemia, the program was soon enlarged to study all forms of cancer. The scope of the program was international and included scientists from Japan, Sweden, Italy, the Netherlands, Israel, and Africa. The mission of the SVCP was to collect various human and animal cancers from around the world and to grow large amounts of cancer-causing viruses. As a result, thousands of liters of dangerous man-made viruses were adapted to human cells and shipped around the world to various laboratories. The annual reports of the SVCP contain proof that species jumping of animal viruses was a common occurrence in labs a decade before AIDS.
The SVCP gathered together the nation's top virologists, biochemists, immunologists, molecular biologists, and epidemiologists, to determine the role of viruses and retroviruses in the production of human cancer. Many of the most prestigious medical institutions were involved in this program.
Connected with the SVCP were the most famous future American AIDS scientists, such as Robert Gallo (the co-discoverer of HIV), Max Essex of "cat AIDS" fame, and Peter Duesberg, who claims HIV does not cause AIDS. Gallo and Essex were also the first to promote the widely accepted African green monkey theory of AIDS. This theory was proven erroneous as far back as 1988, but was heavily circulated among AIDS educators and the media until the theory was superceded by the chimp theory in the late 1990s.
Biowarfare research, primate research and the SVCP
Also joining forces with the SVCP at the NCI were the military's biological warfare researchers. On October 18, 1971, President Richard Nixon announced that the army's biowarfare laboratories at nearby Fort Detrick, Maryland, would be converted to cancer research. As part of Nixon's so-called War on Cancer, the military biowarfare unit was retitled the new Frederick Cancer Research Center, and Litton Bionetics was named as the military's prime contractor for this project. According to the 1971 SVPC annual report, the primary task of the now jointly connected National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research Center was "the large scale production of oncogenic (cancer-causing) and suspected oncogenic viruses to meet research needs on a continuing basis." Special attention was given to primate viruses (the alleged African source of HIV) and "the successful propagation of significant amounts of human candidate viruses." Candidate viruses were animal or human viruses that might cause human cancers. For these experiments a steady supply of research animals (monkeys, chimpanzees, mice, and cats) was necessary; and multiple breeding colonies were established for the SVCP. Primates were shipped in from West Africa and Asia for experimentation; and virus-infected animals were shipped out to various labs worldwide. By 1971, a total of 2,274 primates had been inoculated at Bionetics Research Laboratories, under contract to Fort Detrick. Over 1000 of these monkeys had already died or had been transferred to other primate centers. (Some animals were eventually released back into the wild). By the early 1970s, experimenters had transferred cancer-causing viruses into several species of monkeys, and had also isolated a monkey virus (Herpesvirus saimiri) that would have a close genetic relationship to the new Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus that produced the "gay cancer" of AIDS in 1979.
In order to induce primates and other research animals to acquire cancer, their immune system was deliberately suppressed by drugs, radiation, or cancer-causing chemicals or substances. The thymus gland and/or the spleen were removed, and viruses were injected into newborn animals or into the womb of pregnant animals. Some animals were injected with malaria to keep them chronically sick and immunodepressed.
The U.S. is the world's leading consumer of primates, and 55,000 are used yearly in medical research. Primates (especially newborn and baby chimpanzees) are the most favored lab animals because they are similar biochemically and immunologically to human beings. Humans share 98.4% of their DNA with chimpanzees. Chimps were extensively used by SVCP because there would be no official testing of "candidate" lab viruses on humans.
In the decade before AIDS, Gallo was a project officer of a primate study contracted by Bionetics that pumped cancerous human tissue, as well as a variety of chicken and monkey viruses, into newborn macaques (a small species of monkey that carries a close relative of the KS virus).
Recorded in the 1971 SVCP report (NIH-71-2025), Gallo's project notes state: "Inasmuch as tests for the biological activity of candidate human viruses will not be tested in the human species, it is imperative that another system be developed for these determinations, and subsequently for the evaluation of vaccines or other measures of control. The close phylogenetic relationship of the lower primates to man justifies utilization of these animals for these purposes."
Researchers at Bionetics injected human and animal cancer material into various species of monkeys to determine the cancer effect. Newborn and irradiated monkeys were injected with blood ("using multiple sites and volumes as large as possible") taken from various forms of human leukemia. In other studies, tissue cultures infected with various animal viruses were inoculated into primates. How many "new" and "emerging" viruses were created and adapted to human tissue and to various primates is not known. Some primates were released back into the wild carrying lab viruses with them. The possible spread of these lab viruses to other animals in the wild has been ignored by scientists searching for the origin of HIV and its close relatives in African animals. Cats were also bred for leukemia and sarcoma cancer studies. Germ free colonies of inbred mice were established. Mouse cancer viruses were manipulated to produce resistant and non-resistant strains. These adapted viruses would be employed in the 1980s in human gene replacement experiments. Such experiments utilized a weakened strain of the mouse leukemia virus to infect and "taxi-in" the missing genes to genetically-defective human beings.
The end of the SVCP and the birth of AIDS By 1977 the SVCP came to an inglorious end. According to Gallo, "Scientifically, the problem was that no one could supply clear evidence of any kind of human tumor virus, not even a DNA virus, and most researchers refused to concede that viruses played any role in human cancers. Politically, the Virus Cancer Program was vulnerable because it attracted a great deal of money and attention and had failed to produce dramatic, visible results."
Despite all this, the SVCP was the birthplace of genetic engineering, molecular biology, and the human genome project. More than any other program it built up the field of animal retrovirology, which led to the vital understanding of cancer and immunosuppressive retroviruses in humans.
As the SVCP was winding down, thousands of gay men were signing up as guinea pigs in government-sponsored hepatitis B vaccine experiments in New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. These same cities would soon become the three primary epicenters for the new "gay-related immune deficiency syndrome," later known as AIDS.
Two years after the termination of the SCVP, the introduction of HIV into gay men (along with a herpes virus and a mycoplasma) miraculously revived retroviral research and made Gallo the most famous scientist in the world.
Could virus-contaminated hepatitis vaccines lie at the root of AIDS? In the early 1970s the hepatitis B vaccine was developed in chimpanzees. To this day, some people are fearful about taking the hepatitis B vaccine because of its original connection to gay men and AIDS.
Was HIV (and the KS herpes virus and a new mycoplasma) introduced into gays during these vaccine trials when thousands of homosexuals were injected in Manhattan beginning in 1978, and in the West Coast cities in 1980-1981?
As mentioned, the first gay AIDS cases erupted in Manhattan a few months after the gay experiment began at the NY Blood Center. When a blood test for HIV became available in the mid-1980s, the Center's stored gay blood specimens were reexamined. Most astonishing is the statistically significant fact that 20% of the gay men who volunteered for the hepatitis B experiment in New York were discovered to be HIV-positive in 1980 (a year before the AIDS epidemic became "official" in 1981). This signifies that Manhattan gays in 1980 had the highest incidence of HIV anywhere in the world, including Africa, the supposed birthplace of HIV and AIDS. And epidemic cases in Africa did not appear until 1982.
Although denied by the AIDS establishment, a few researchers are convinced that these vaccine experiments served as the vehicle through which HIV was introduced into the gay population. My own extensive research into the hepatitis B experiments is presented in AIDS and the Doctors of Death: An Inquiry into the Origin of the AIDS Epidemic [1988], and in Queer Blood: The Secret AIDS Genocide Plot [1993]. These books also debunk the preposterous "Patient Zero" story of 1987, which claimed a promiscuous gay Canadian airline steward brought AIDS to America. The highly implausible story was sensationalized in the media and served to further obscure the origin of AIDS in America and blame gay promiscuity. Even Montagnier is doubtful that the U.S. epidemic could have developed from a single patient.
Never mentioned by proponents of the chimp theory is the fact that the New York Blood Center established a chimp virus laboratory in West Africa in 1974. One of the purposes of VILAB II, at the Liberian Institute for Biomedical Research in Robertsfield, Liberia, was to develop the hepatitis B vaccine in chimps. A few years later this vaccine was inoculated into gays at the Center.
Chimps were captured from various parts of West Africa and brought to VILAB. Alfred Prince, Head of virology at the NY Blood Center, has been the director of Vilab for the past 25 years. The lab prides itself by releasing "rehabilitated" chimps back into the wild. Also closely allied with "pre-AIDS" development of a hepatitis B vaccine is the little publicized primate colony outside New York City called LEMSIP (the Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery). Until disbanded in 1997, LEMSIP supplied New York area scientists with primates and primate parts for transplantation and virus research. Founded in 1965, LEMSIP was affiliated with the New York University Medical Center, where the first cases of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma were discovered in 1979. Researchers at NYU Medical Center were also heavily involved in the development of the experimental hepatitis B vaccine used in gays; and the Medical Center received government grants and contracts connected with biological warfare research beginning in 1969, according to Leonard Horowitz, author of Emerging Viruses: AIDS and Ebola [1996].
Scientific disinformation and the 1959 HIV-positive blood test from Africa
By predating HIV back to the 1930s, the chimp theory effectively discredits the man-made theory of AIDS, which dates the introduction of HIV to the late 1970s. Only time will tell whether the chimp theory will hold up to further scientific scrutiny.
Conspiracy theorists believe some widely published AIDS origin stories in the media are merely examples of scientific disinformation designed to cover-up the man-made origin of HIV. One example is the famous Patient Zero story. Another is the media blitz surrounding the English sailor who supposedly contracted AIDS in 1959. This now-disproven story made worldwide headlines in 1990 and obviously served to contradict the underground conspiracy theory (particularly among African-Americans) that AIDS was man-made. The New York Times (July 24, 1990) declared: "The case also refutes the widely publicized charges made by Soviet officials several years ago that AIDS arose from a virus that had escaped from a laboratory experiment that went awry or was a biological warfare agent. The human retrovirus group to which the AIDS virus belongs was unknown at the time. Nor did scientists then have the genetic engineering techniques needed to create a virus." Several years later, the case was discovered to be not a case of AIDS because the sailor's tissue remains were accidentally (or deliberately) contaminated with HIV. In 1998 the media alerted the public to further evidence that AIDS started in Africa. The proof consisted of an old 1959 stored frozen blood specimen discovered to be HIV-positive. Researchers claimed the tiny amount of serum contained fragments of HIV "closely related" to a virus found in 3 chimpanzees in the African wild and in the frozen remains of a chimp named Marilyn, discovered in a freezer at Fort Detrick. The 1959 specimen was obtained from a Bantu man living in Kinshasa, the Congo. His name and health status were not recorded. Details of the history and testing of this specimen (later heralded as the "world's oldest HIV-positive blood sample") are recorded in The River: A Journey to the Source of HIV and AIDS [1999], by journalist Edward Hooper who theorizes that HIV was introduced into Africans via the polio vaccine programs in the late 1950s. Hooper claims the polio vaccine was prepared using chimp kidney cells contaminated with the ancestor virus of HIV.
When tested for HIV in the mid-1980s, the 1959 blood sample was the only specimen out of 700 stored frozen Congo bloods that tested positive for HIV. Originally collected by Arno Motulsky on a Rockefeller grant, the African sample was one of many sent to the University of Washington in Seattle and used for genetic testing and included in a report, "Population Genetic Studies," published in 1966. Around 1970, the remaining 672 frozen bloods were flown to Emory University in Atlanta for further genetic tests. In 1985 the specimens again changed hands, this time for HIV testing by Andre Nahmias, a virologist and animal researcher associated with the Yerkes Primate Center at Emory. The Congo specimens were tested along with 500 other blood specimens taken from blacks living in sub-Saharan Africa between the years 1959 and 1982. Initially over 90% of specimens taken in 1959 tested positive for HIV by the ELISA test. However, these HIV-positive tests were later determined to be false-positive. After the examinations at Emory, the specimens were shipped to Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for HIV testing in Max Essex' lab.
Three specimens initially tested HIV-positive, but finally only the 1959 specimen from the unidentified Bantu man was confirmed HIV- positive. Around the time of these examinations, Essex's lab was unknowingly contaminated with primate viruses. In 1986, Essex discovered a new "human" AIDS virus that later proved to be a contaminating monkey virus. The source of the primate virus traced back to a captive monkey at a primate center in nearby Southborough, Massachusetts. This primate contamination at his lab resulted in the erroneous green monkey theory, heavily popularized by Gallo and the media.
Also unpublicized is the little known fact that Gallo's lab at the National Cancer Institute was plagued with contamination by primate viruses. In 1975 he reported a new human "HL-23" virus that eventually proved to be three contaminating ape primate viruses (gibbon-ape virus, simian sarcoma virus, and baboon endogenous virus). Gallo claims he has no idea how these viruses contaminated his research.
In 1996 Hooper convinced Nahmias to turn over the remaining 1959 specimen to David Ho of Rockefeller University in Manhattan for PCR testing. In 1996 Ho was named Time magazine's "Man of the Year", at a time when few people had ever heard of him. Ho is also the director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, affiliated with Rockefeller University since 1996. The Diamond Center is also now connected with the New York Blood Center, home of the gay vaccine experiments that gave birth to AIDS. Ho determined the tiny amount of the remaining specimen did not contain live virus, nor was the complete virion of the virus present. Instead, some fragments of the virus (about 15% of the total genome) were tested and presented to the scientific world as the oldest specimen of HIV in the world. Ho's PCR results cannot be confirmed by independent investigators because the 1959 specimen is now totally used up.
When published in the journal Nature on February 5, 1998 ("An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic"), Hooper's name appeared on the report, along with Ho, Bette Korber, Nahmias, and others, The report was heavily publicized as proof that HIV existed in the African population in 1959. Although there are no HIV-positive tissue specimens from Africa from the 1960s and 1970s, and no proven cases of AIDS either, Hooper relies heavily on this 1959 test to support his theory that HIV entered the African population via the polio vaccines programs in the late 1950s.
In The River Hooper quickly dismisses the claims of physician Robert Strecker, the first whistle-blower of man-made AIDS, as well as the research in Horowitz's Emerging Viruses, and in my own books, AIDS & The Doctors of Death, and Queer Blood. In condemning AIDS biowarfare research, Hooper declares, "Sadly, supporters of the Streckers have continued to peddle their ill-informed and outdated versions of the myth, blaming variously the Soviets, the CIA, the Germans, and the World Health Organization (WHO) well into the nineties." He dismisses the hepatitis B vaccine connection to AIDS by noting that only two of the 826 gay vaccinees had developed AIDS by 1983. Hooper ignores the fact that by 1981 over 20% of the men in the trials were HIV-positive and that by 1982, over 30% of the men were HIV-positive. He dismisses the World Health Organization's African smallpox vaccine connection by saying, "there is no reason for either HIV or SIV [simian immunodeficiency virus] to be accidentally present in the vaccine." Hooper fails to consider the possibility that the vaccines could have been deliberately contaminated with HIV. Hooper has been a United Nations official, but no details of this are included in his book .
Despite his massive research, Hooper seems naďve about the continuing transfer of viruses between various primate species at primate centers. For example, in 1995 he interviewed Preston Marx at LEMSIP. At that time Marx was a representative of David Ho's organization, the Aaron Diamond Research Center. Hooper writes: "I was shocked by the cavalier way in which tissues and sera from one species had been introduced into other species, long after the risks of cross-species transfer had been highlighted by the SV40 [polio vaccine] debacle, and I was astonished that survivors from troops that had been stricken by mystery illnesses could have been casually sold to other centers, for use in experiments there. Furthermore, this apparent lack of monitoring and central control seemed to be echoed in other fields, like xenotransplantation (the transplanting of organ or cells from one species to another) - and here, of course, the implications were even more frightening."
By predating his polio vaccine theory back to the late 1950s, Hooper greatly simplified his theory of AIDS origin. He ignored all those animal viruses that were placed into human tissue in the 60s and 70s, and all those dangerous viral creations that were genetically altered for cancer research, vaccine research, and secret biological warfare. The chimp in the freezer at Fort Detrick
On February 1, 1999 Lawrence K Altman, longtime physician-writer for The New York Times, dutifully reported "the riddle of the origin of the AIDS virus has apparently been solved." A team of researchers, headed by Beatrice Hahn at the University of Alabama, performed viral studies on three chimps in the African wild and had also studied the frozen remains of a chimp, discovered by accident in a freezer at Fort Detrick. The chimp had tested positive for HIV in 1985. On the basis of all this research, Hahn declared that a common subspecies of chimp (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) was the animal source of the virus "most closely " related to HIV.
In a media blitz U.S. government scientists presented a phylogenetic ancestral "family tree" of primate viruses (which few people could understand) to prove that HIV was genetically descended from a chimp virus in the African bush. Molecular analysis of virus genetic data, performed by Bette Korber and the supercomputer Nirvana at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, indicated that HIV had jumped species from a chimp to a human in Africa around the year 1930. (Los Alamos is the official home of nuclear bomb-building, alleged Chinese spies, and the laboratory which directed secret human radiation experiments on unsuspecting civilians from the 1940s up to the beginning of the AIDS epidemic.)
Beatrice Hahn theorized that the epidemic started when a hunter cut himself while butchering chimp meat and subsequently became infected. Scientists readily accepted Hahn's notion that the AIDS virus and its closest relatives jumped species from chimps to humans on multiple occasions, thereby explaining the origin of the three separate subtypes of HIV-1 (M, N, and O), as well as HIV-2.
Chimps in West Africa are hunted for food, as well as for medical experimentation. Young chimps are especially prized for scientific research and are usually caught by shooting their mothers. Many die from stress and inhumane conditions during capture and transport to laboratories and zoos in Western nations.
Due to all this killing, chimps are now an endangered species. During the past century the African chimp population has dropped from two million to less than 150,000. Despite the mass killing of chimps, they are still blamed for causing the worldwide epidemic of AIDS. Beatrice Hahn is no stranger to primate theories, having worked in Gallo's lab when he was heavily promoting the green monkey theory in the mid-1980s and the "close relationship" of the monkey virus to HIV. Now Hahn's virus was claimed to be a closer relative than the contaminating monkey virus in Essex' lab that formed the basis of the false green monkey theory.
Media journalists paid no attention to these discrepancies. Hahn's new chimp findings, along with the old 1959 blood specimen, fully convinced the AIDS establishment, and an adoring media, that Africa was indeed the source of HIV and the AIDS epidemic.
The 2000 London Origin of AIDS Conference
When Hooper's book appeared in the fall of 1998, molecular scientists quickly used the new chimp virus data to completely discredit Hooper's polio vaccine theory. AIDS in Africa could not be caused by a virus jumping species in the 50s if it had already jumped species back in the 1930s. Researchers refused to believe scientists could have played any role in the origin of HIV and AIDS.
Hooper bypassed the biowarfare theory by predating HIV back to the 50s. Now scientists bypassed Hooper by dating HIV back several decades earlier. The fact that there was no African epidemic until the early 1980s did not seem pertinent. To make their view official, a small group of scientists proposed an "invitation only" meeting to settle the origin matter once and for all.
In October 2000 the Royal Society of London held a two-day conference on the origins of HIV. Obviously, the biowarfare theory of AIDS was not discussed. On the contrary, one professor emphatically declared "all human infectious diseases have an animal origin." Although there never was a disease like AIDS (until scientists started to flagrantly pass viruses around to repeatedly break the species barrier ), the same professor declared that "natural transfer of these infections is a common event in animal populations." Using the viral fragments from the 1959 specimen and comparing them with the select viruses contained in the data bank at Los Alamos , Betty Korber refined her computer calculations to establish a likely date of 1940, "with confidence levels extending from 1871 to 1955." The Rega Institute in Antwerp estimated the transfer could have occurred between 1590 and 1760, with 1675 the most likely date. Hooper spoke but his views were largely ignored by the molecular biologists. Preston Marx warned about more human diseases caused by viruses emerging from primates, None of the speakers mentioned what happened to the thousands of liters of animal viruses that were passed around the world by the Special Virus Cancer Program in the decade before AIDS.
Instead, the London conferees alerted the public to a new view of medical science, championed by the virologists. The "Last Word" at the conference was that "all human viral infections were initially zoonotic (animal) in origin. Animals will always provide a reservoir for viruses that could threaten human populations in the future." And the scientists predicted: "There is still a myriad of current unknown viruses in animal populations on land, sea, and air with the potential to cause human disease." Apparently, none of these viruses were in animal laboratories.
AIDS, cancer, genetic science and covert human medical experimentation Although rejected completely by most scientists, the man-made theory of AIDS is a rational explanation for the origin of HIV. This theory is partly based on an awareness of the gene-polluting activities and species jumping virus experiments of irresponsible scientists during the two decades before the epidemic.
In addition, the record clearly shows that scientists and biowarfare scientists experiment secretly on unsuspecting people. Horrific aspects of the Cold War Human Radiation Experiments attest to the fact that covert medical experimentation is not an "X-Files" fantasy or a totally paranoid belief.
It is easy to understand why researchers might want to obscure the man-made origin for AIDS and blame primates. It is now apparent that most of the major researchers promoting the African primate origin of AIDS were connected with the largely secret Special Virus Cancer Program, or are scientists involved in the transfer of viruses in animal research, particularly primate research.
From the very beginning of the epidemic, researchers disclaimed any connection between AIDS and cancer, as well as any connection between HIV and animal retrovirus cancer research. In 1984, Gallo originally named HIV a cancer-causing "leukemia/lymphoma" virus. To obscure the cancer connection, the name was immediately changed to "lymphotropic" virus.
My own Kaposi's sarcoma research, first published in medical journals in 1981, showed "cancer-associated bacteria" as possible infectious agents in "classic" KS tumors. Before HIV was discovered in 1984, additional papers in 1982 and 1983 showed similar cancer bacteria in the enlarged lymph nodes and KS tumors of gay men with "gay cancer" and AIDS. Since the 1950s, cancer-associated bacteria have been linked to viruses, as well as to mycoplasmas. This aspect of cancer research has been suppressed for decades by the cancer establishment. A history of this research and its relevancy to AIDS is the subject of my books, AIDS: The Mystery and the Solution [1984] and The Cancer Microbe: The Hidden Killer in Cancer, AIDS and Other Immune Diseases [1990].
Gallo, in his 1991 book, falsely claims that no infectious agent had ever been found in KS. The refusal of AIDS scientists to recognize cancer microbe research, published in peer reviewed scientific journals, is a further indication that the AIDS establishment seeks to control all aspects of HIV research in such a way as to never connect the origin of AIDS with previous cancer research and covert biological warfare research. This cover-up conceals the possibility that AIDS, in reality, is a new man-made form of infectious and contagious cancer.
Could a small coterie of government scientists concoct a bogus (but scientifically plausible) primate theory of AIDS origin and bamboozle the public to believe it in order to cover-up the truth?
In the 1930s the highly respected German scientific community was entirely transformed by fascist beliefs proclaiming the genetic inferiority of the Jews and the genetic superiority of the German Master Race. This Nazi takeover of science and the media eventually led to the murder of millions in the Holocaust. Could the genetic science surrounding the origin of AIDS obscure a genocidal and world depopulation program of man-made origin? It is time for the man-made theory of HIV to be examined fairly. Proponents of this theory should not be dismissed as paranoid conspiracy theorists; and AIDS educators should educate themselves about this hidden history of AIDS and its implications for the origin of HIV.
How many more species jumping viruses will we have to endure before we question the integrity and the agenda of scientists who still blissfully jump viruses between species in animal laboratories?
Lawrence K. Altman, the Times reporter who in 1999 wrote that the origin of the AIDS virus was solved, recently asked "Where did AIDS come from?" Now seemingly undecided, Altman answers, "We can only guess. Determining the answer would be important because discovering how AIDS came to be an epidemic might prevent a similar catastrophe in the future." ("The AIDS questions that linger," January 30, 2001). It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out how researchers could have created HIV and how they could have transferred the virus to gays and blacks in a covert medical experimentation for genocidal or population control purposes.
The secrecy and scientific disinformation surrounding the Human Radiation Experiments of the Cold War era has taught us how easily government scientists can fool the public on scientific matters. And when it comes to scientific monkey business, researchers know that most people are chumps.
[Dr. Cantwell is a retired dermatologist and AIDS and cancer researcher, who has written extensively on the man-made origin of AIDS. E-mail address: alanrcan@aol.com Dr, Cantwell's books are available toll-free in the USA from Book Clearing House @ 1-800-431-1579, and on the internet at Amazon.com
REFERENCES:
Cantwell AR Jr: Bacteriologic investigation and histologic observations of variably acid-fact bacteria in three cases of Kaposi's sarcoma. Growth 45: 79-89, 1981. Cantwell AR Jr: Necroscopic findings of pleomorphic, variably acid-fast bacteria in a fatal case of Kaposi's sarcoma. Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology 7: 923-930, 1981. Cantwell AR Jr: Variably acid-fast bacteria in vivo in a case of reactive lymph node hyperplasia occurring in a young male homosexual. Growth 46: 331-336, 1982. Cantwell AR Jr: Kaposi's sarcoma and variably acid-fast bacteria in vivo in two homosexual men. Cutis 32: 58-74, 1983. Cantwell AR Jr: Necroscopic findings of variably acid-fast bacteria in a fatal case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma. Growth 47: 129-134, 1983.
Cantwell Jr, A: AIDS:The Mystery & the Solution. Los Angeles: Aries Rising Press, 1984. Cantwell Jr, A: AIDS & The Doctors of Death: An Inquiry into the Origin of the AIDS Epidemic. Los Angeles: Aries Rising Press, 1988. Cantwell Jr, A: The Cancer Microbe. Los Angeles: Aries Rising Press, 1990. Cantwell Jr, A: Queer Blood: The Secret AIDS Genocide Plot. Los Angeles: Aries Rising Press, 1993. Cantwell AR Jr: "Gay cancer, emerging viruses, and AIDS." New Dawn (Melbourne), Sept 1998. Faden RR (Chair): The Human Radiation Experiments: Final Report of the President's Advisory Committee. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Gallo R: Virus Hunting: AIDS, Cancer and the Human Retrovirus. New York: Basic Books, 1991. Hooper E: The River: A Journey to the Source of HIV and AIDS. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 1999 Horowitz LG: Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola. Rockport, MA: Tetrahedron Publishing Group, 1996. Lee RE: AIDS: An Explosion of the Biological Time-Bomb? Biographical Publishing Company, Prospect, CT, 2000. Montagnier L: Virus. New York: WW Norton Co, Inc, 2000. Special Virus Cancer Program (Progress Report #8). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, August 1971. http://www.rense.com/general45/cant.htmPosts: 951 | From: where rules end and freedom begins | Registered: Jun 2004
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Judging from that chart, Russia / North Asia is hit sgnificantly too, but
R U 2 you do raise a great question for your argument concerning the prevalence among Africans.
Keep in mind that socio-economic situations can affect the containment of the disease. The more financially well-off communities are likely to be less impacted by the disease than the lesser well-off counterparts.
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posted
Sorry, I saw how quickly you responded, but , family was over and we went out to eat (plus the post was pretty hefty).
Wow. I have heard about the 'gay' experiments RU2, (we afican americans do talk sometimes) I've never read in any detail about either that or the alleged first person ever diagnosed with AIDs.
quote:Originally posted by Supercar: I don't proclaim to have the answers to "AIDS/HIV" origins, but I do have questions pertaining to theories out there. The methods that went into producing vaccines isn't farfetched as agents of the spread of the disease imo, when considering the timelines of AIDS and its pandemic status, and to that extent, an analytical piece/article was provided. It is falsifiable material, and it is left to challengers to rise to the occasion and address the points made therein.
On another note, as it turns out, the same group which re-analyzed the "1959" European male's tissue for "AIDS", was the same one which assessed the blood sample from the male claimed to have been taken from the Congo region around "1959"; they were then appointed by the Company which wanted to clear its name off possible vaccine triggering of HIV/AIDS:
"Dr. Williams said he located the tissue samples taken from Mr. Carr in 1987. Unfortunately, there was no test for HIV at the time that was sophisticated enough to use in such dried-out material. (The HIV antibody test was designed to work primarily on blood serum).
Then, towards the end of the 1980s, scientists had developed a new technique for amplifying minute quantities of DNA--the genetic blueprint--from all manner of tissue fragments. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test had revolutionised forensic science and was now about to be employed on the mortal remains of David Carr.
Dr. Williams sent some samples to Gerald Corbitt, in the hospital's virology unit. Together with his research assistant, Andrew Bailey, Dr. Corbitt applied the PCR test to the tissue and had a positive result: they found that HIV had infiltrated the DNA. Dr. Corbitt, however, wanted to be absolutely sure that this was not a "false positive" result. He was well aware that the PCR test was so sensitive that it could quite easily amplify any stray molecules of HIV that may contaminate the samples, so he asked Dr. Williams to send him some more tissue, but this time in a proper "blind" trial.
Dr. Williams therefore sent Dr. Corbitt 12 tissue samples in separate tubes. Six came from David Carr and six from a man of a similar age who had died in a traffic accident in the same year. Neither Dr. Corbitt nor Mr. Bailey knew which sample came from which patient because only Dr. Williams had access to the code describing what each tube contained. Dr. Williams said he kept the code in a locked drawer and no one but himself had seen it. "When I say no one, I mean no one," he told the Independent.
The blind experiment went ahead. Mr. Bailey, who did much of the bench work, performed the PCR test on each of the 12 tissue samples. He and Dr. Corbitt went to extraordinary lengths to avoid contamination because they knew how sensitive the PCR test can be.
The work was done in a laboratory where, as far as they know, researchers had never handled HIV. As an added precaution, half a dozen different rooms where used for each stage of the experiment and the scientists wore disposable gloves, gowns and hats while working with the samples in an air-filtered hood.
They had even asked Dr. Williams to slice sections off the stored tissue blocks using different laboratory knives. Dr. Williams said he also washed the knives in alcohol to make absolutely sure there was no cross-contamination.
Mr. Bailey repeated the PCR experiment twice and got the same results each time: four of the tissues were positive for HIV, eight were negative. It was left to Dr. Corbitt to phone over the results to Dr. Williams, who had the code to hand.
Dr. Corbitt read the results through "one by one" and was told that the four positives all came from David Carr. Kidney, bone marrow, spleen and throat tissue all had HIV present. Tissue from Carr's brain and liver were negative, as were all the tissue samples from the "negative control".
The results surprised Dr. Corbitt because they were better than he ever expected. "An occasional false positive wouldn't come as any great surprise, so to get the correlation of the sort we got did surprise me," he said.
With Mr. Bailey and Dr. Williams, he quickly submitted the results of the research to the Lancet, which published them as a short letter on 7 July, 1990. The resulting international publicity was huge. The three researchers, along with Dr. Stretton and Dr. Leonard, were feted on both sides of the Atlantic. The New York Times proclaimed: "Puzzle of sailor's death solved after 31 years: the answer is AIDS."
The central reason for the apologetic statement was that the committee of scientists had taken the case of the Manchester seaman into account in its review of Rolling Stone's theory. The scientists--appointed by the Wistar Institute--said in their report: "{The Manchester man} had returned to England by the first half of 1957, before the Congo trial was begun. Therefore, it can be stated with almost complete certainty, that the large polio vaccine trial begun in 1957 in Congo was not the origin of AIDS."
A Wistar Institute press statement in October 1992 reiterated the importance of the 1959 case: "The most conclusive evidence refuting the origin of AIDS theory involves the earliest documented case of HIV-1 infection--a merchant marine {sic} who was symptomatic in 1958 and died of AIDS in 1959 in Manchester, England. "While this man travelled abroad to northern Africa beginning in 1955, he had returned to England by the first half of 1957, before the Congo trial was begun."
However, it was the tenacity of one member of this committee-- David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Centre in New York City and professor of medicine and microbiology at New York University School of Medicine--that has now cast grave doubts over the scientific validity of the case of the Manchester sailor.
Professor Ho contacted the Manchester researchers in 1992 to learn more about the man, who had subsequently been named in the Sunday Express.
Professor Ho asked for samples to perform PCR tests himself. Manchester University's Gerald Corbitt said that after the Lancet letter of 1990 he and Andrew Bailey had tried to sequence the genetic code of HIV but had only limited success.
They had managed to get a partial DNA sequence--enough to know it was HIV-1 and not the other major type of AIDS virus, HIV-2--but had recognised their limitations. "To be perfectly truthful, we are a hospital diagnostic laboratory and we were beginning to get out of our depth," Dr. Corbitt said.
Professor Ho's lab, however, was a specialist AIDS centre and was accustomed to performing difficult PCR tests and rapid genetic sequencing. Soon after being sent processed DNA from kidney tissue--which had been left over from the 1990 experiment--Professsor Ho was able to isolate the entire sequence of HIV "with ease".
He did this in 1993 and now had the complete virus, from one end of its genetic code to the other. He also found that this genetic sequence was identical to the partial sequence of Corbitt and Bailey--scientific confirmation that it was the same virus isolated earlier by the two Manchester virologists.
The sequence, however, began to puzzle Professor Ho following a discussion he had with Gerald Myers, director of the HIV Sequence Database at the US's Los Alamos National Laboratory, in New Mexico, and a world authority on the genetics of the virus. "Gerry told us his concerns about the possibility that it was a contaminant. All the calculations and analyses Gerry did suggested that it could be a contaminant . . . {The virus} did not make any sense based on everything he has known about them," Professor Ho said.
Dr. Myers was well aware from nearly a decade's work on the AIDS virus that it is one of the fastest evolving life-forms. Its speed of change is dramatic. He estimated the strains of HIV circulating in the world alter their DNA sequence by about 1 per cent per year. This would mean the "1959 virus"--which presumably must have infected Carr years earlier--should have differed from 1990 strains by 30 per cent or more.
The essential problem Dr. Myers had identified is that the virus supposedly dating back to 1959 was to all intents and purposes identical to strains of HIV circulating in North America and Europe in 1990. "You couldn't distinguish it from a 1990 virus," Professor Ho said. Dr. Myers dismissed the 1959 virus as an "aberration".
Further evidence suggested that if this was a 1990 contaminant, it was no ordinary contaminant. For a start, Professor Ho had identified "quasi-species" of HIV in the initial samples sent from Manchester. This means the virus he had detected was present as swarms of slightly different forms, indicating it was a genuine HIV infection with multiple copies of actively replicating virus. It could not be a one-off contamination.
Secondly, any accidental PCR contamination would be unlikely to result in an entire virus ending up in experimental material. Professor Ho was able to sequence the complete virus, which could only mean one of two things: either a complete clone of HIV had somehow got into the tissue sample or the tissue was genuinely infected with the virus.
The former is most unlikely, he said, because few laboratories use HIV clones (and Dr. Corbitt's lab is not one of them) and in any case all sequences of such clones are known, and the sequence he determined was not from any known HIV clone in the world.
This left the New York scientists with an uncomfortable conclusion. "Given what we've done now in the past few months we would think the initial sequence was incorrect or there's been a sample mix-up . . . We even discussed wild ideas that someone intentionally provided us with a sample that just came from a contemporary AIDS patient," Professor Ho said.
In summary, he concluded that the initial sample of genetic material from kidney tissue sent from Manchester was genuinely infected with HIV but that this virus was disturbingly similar to 1990 strains. He faxed a note to Dr. Corbitt in January 1994 saying how he was "greatly troubled" by the sequence. Professor Ho was so concerned that he decided to ask the Manchester researchers for the actual tissue samples themselves, rather than processed DNA supposedly derived from them, to see for himself whether they contained HIV. After several months delay, in February 1994, he received a set of nine tissue batches from Dr. Williams and Dr. Corbitt. Each was embedded in their original paraffin blocks.
After an exhaustive series of tests using the most sensitive PCR tests available, however, he failed to find any evidence of HIV infection in any of the tissues, including kidney, throat, liver, heart, bone marrow, brain and pancreas.
As a final check, Professor Ho employed a sophisticated DNA test to see whether this set of tissues all came from the same person--they did. However, when he compared them against the DNA sent to him earlier, he was shocked to discover that this HIV-positive tissue was from another person. Furthermore, the size of fragments of a gene the scientists used as another check on their PCR technology indicated the two sets of samples from Manchester were from tissues of significantly different ages.
The HIV-positive tissue generated large gene fragments, a clear indication it was recent tissue, whereas the second batch of HIV-negative tissue produced small fragments, showing the DNA had degraded, as it does in older tissue. Everything pointed to the positive batch coming from a 1990 AIDS patient.
The 1990 Lancet research had therefore failed the ultimate scientific test of its validity: replication by other scientists. It will now have to be retracted. The tissues of David Carr appear after all to have been HIV negative and his fatal illness the result of another, unexplained cause. Mr. Carr's condition remains as much a mystery today as it was in 1959."
Interestingly the European male was determined to have died from the symptoms akin to those of AIDS, and initially tested postive. This was later on deemed not to be the case, but that the positive result was due to 'misplacement' of tissues in the lab. Even though the character of symptoms that this person suffered from are known, it is now proclaimed that his death remains a mystery.
posted
What about Sierra Leone and Somalia. I'm guessing North Korea just didn't have/ give any maps?
I know as of 2001 somalia was 1-5%, but I've only seen one map with them even on there, and now, is no longer available.
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Willing Thinker: Wow. I have heard about the 'gay' experiments RU2, (we afican americans do talk sometimes) I've never read in any detail about either that or the alleged first person ever diagnosed with AIDs.
I have a cousin out here who just recently contacted the virus; and he just so happens to be gay. He came out of some closet recently so they say.
Its always good to look at the virus from its origins and who was it designed to attack. Homosexuals are a victim of this crime as well and someone should bring it to the fore-front. Dr. Allen Cantell just so happens to be gay so it was worth listening to his personal research on the subject. To be straight up I'm not gay so I don't ever get involved with the gay community or even a lot of their personal issues.
This article I must say is an eye opener for me as well. Shekinah brought this topic up on nilevalleycivilization. and it caused me to do the research when I saw it over on this website as well.
To be honest I'm still learning or getting proof verses a theory that the U.S. government started these viruses. As I said when I started posting on this subject, "African American know that this AIDS thing is man made". Well it turns out after doing some real research that African Americans are actually on to something.
Note: Continental Africans knew the same thing but I'm speaking from an AA stand point because I have conversated with many on this subject and were all of the same opinion.
Peace!~
Posts: 951 | From: where rules end and freedom begins | Registered: Jun 2004
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Early Hepatitis B Vaccines and the “Man-Made” Origin of HIV/AIDS
by Leonard G. Horowitz, D.M.D., M.A., M.P.H.
This article regards a matter of global urgency transcending better known AIDS threats...
...The Earliest Hepatitis B Vaccines and The Origin of AIDS
If early polio vaccines had not triggered the origin of HIV/AIDS as scientific consensus now holds,6 then some other, chimpanzee-related, “iatrogenic event” must be available to explain the staggering array of deadly recombinants that were proven by Myers et al to have arisen virtually simultaneously during the early to mid-1970s.10,21 In this regard, even more neglected, and perhaps more relevant than the OPV theory of AIDS, is the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine hypothesis.2,13,23
According to scientific records,2 African chimpanzees were used in the manufacture of the HB vaccines during the early 1970s. Additional documents prove that human HB viruses cultured in vivo in chimpanzees were returned to humans whose infected blood serum was then pooled to develop four different strains of **experimental HB vaccine pilot tested between 1970 and 1975 in New York City and central Africa.**
This HB vaccine theory of HIV zoonosis proposes that endogenous, or more likely exogenous, progenitor viruses were activated24 when serially transmitted from humans to chimpanzees, then back to humans. Subsequently, pooled blood serum containing HB surface antigen and/or live virions, a milieu ripe for viral recombination, was used to develop the four suspected vaccines administered to New York’s gay population and simultaneously to sub-Saharan Africans. Besides the phylogenetic evidence cited above, epidemiological evidence also supports this HB vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS origination.
Figure 1 is derived from Higginson and Muir’s report on cancer studies conducted by the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute (NCI).25 Figure 2 derives from this data superimposed on a map of HIV-1 seroprevalence in Africa reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce in a publication discussing desirable depopulation associated with HIV/AIDS.26 Additional evidence here was supplied in the chronology of the early hepatitis B vaccine trials compiled by Goodfield. 27 The two maps, juxaposed, show a striking correlation between hepatitis B vaccine and liver cancer experiments conducted in Africa during the early 1970s, and the countries in central and southern Africa with the high est HIV-1 seroprevalence rates by 1994. The black squares indicate areas participating in the HB cancer virus research and vaccine trials.
It should also be noted that Mozambique has one of the highest rates of HIV-2, which was allegedly discovered by Essex et al.,28 in Senegalese female prostitutes years after the African hepatitis B vaccination pilot studies began. Due to their state-authorized employment and high risk for infection, Senegalese female prostitutes were required to receive hepatitis B vaccinations for relicensure. That Essex et al. found SIVagm, a documented vaccine contaminant, in the blood of these human subject, is additionally compelling evidence in support of the HB vaccine AIDS origination theory.29
In brief, a well documented, theoretically viable, and generally neglected evolutionary route of SIVagm to HIV-1 zoonosis sequentially involves: 1) Polio vaccine recipients worldwide, including gay men in New York, and Blacks in Central Africa, were exposed to simian viruses including SV40, SFR (Simian Foamy Retroviruses containing reverse transcriptase), SIVagm, and perhaps others from the mid-1950s, through at least the 1960s;2,4 2) Between 1965 and 1970, researchers in NYC “isolated” and then inoculated the MS-2 strain of HB virus into the above cited New York and African HB vaccine study “volunteers.” 3) Human derived HB viruses, and potentially activated retroviral sequences, were then transferred to chimpanzees, then back again to humans in NYC and central Africa during the development and testing of four genetically altered subtypes of the pre-1975 experimental HB vaccine.32,33 HIV-1 progenitor contamination, recombination, and/or transmission risks were likely increased during this process by: a) human incubation for more than a decade of polio vaccine contaminants and recombinants including SV40, SFR, and possibly SIVagm; b) the pooling of infected blood serum donated by hundreds of gay American and Black African polio vaccine recipients who had subsequently received injections with chimpanzee cultured strains of HB virus; c) the biohazardous laboratory conditions and viral containment problems reported by the HB vaccine investigators and their affiliates; and finally 5) The four pooled serum-derived HB vaccines that were administered to thousands of test subjects by 1975, primarily gay males in NYC and central African Blacks. This series of events provides the best explanation for an early to mid-1970s “punctuated origin event” most precisely fitting the etiological determinations of the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic.10...
^About this early vaccination trials in unsuspecting "gay male" volunteers from New York, and those in central Africa, it is of note that the AIDS disease was first referred to as **Gay Related Immune Deficiency Syndrome** during its early outburst before seeking another name for the disease, if its mere reference in Wikipedia is anything to go by. This should raise a red flag in the minds of the perceptive, in regards to this early initial association with "gays".
Also pandemic emergence of the disease, suggests [going by the theory of the 'natural' African spread] agency via sexual transmission or some DNA exchange with what would have been a small number of infected Africans with people essentially world over, including places where you rarely see African immigrants.
Generations of people who 'inherit' the disease at least through sexual transmission, should either show African MRCA lineages in their bloodlines, or else it is implied that the forebearer of the disease in the immediate family must have came upon some DNA exchanging "contact" with an infected African or with someone who did...which could have happened in a few ways: sex with an infected African, blood exchange with an infected African, blood exchange with an infected African chimpanzee, or eating infected chimpanzees.
These 'hypothetical' initially-infected small number of Africans must have been highly mobile, always traveling to far off places from their home location, or else a sizeable number of people from those unusually far off places [at least where contemporary Africans are concerned] made their way to the home location of the infection. Indeed, such location may well be tagged as a tourist magnet.
Meanwhile, the star-like genetic phylogeny of HIVs does indeed seem to go against such extraordinary nature of the spread the disease, as pointed out.
However, laboratory tests in the research and production of vaccines [and perhaps research in bio-warfare progammes] involving chimpanzees and several human volunteers [likely 'unsuspecting' volunteers, who were under the impression that they were being helped somehow; it may be worth to remember that in various cases, AIDS viruses didn't so much as have an immediate impact on the health of their initial hosts as they did with individuals who inherited the disease from those hosts. Under such conditions, initially infected 'volunteers' would not have been aware of the danger of the vaccines they were provided, only to later on see their friends or relatives suddenly and mysterously show the visible symptoms of AIDS] as guinea pigs, can account for such a genetic structure and sudden proliferation of the disease globally, and why only certain sub-human primates even carry SIVs to begin with, rather than something that appears to have been part of the bio-evolutionary history of hominids or primates.
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quote:These 'hypothetical' initially-infected small number of Africans must have been highly mobile, always traveling to far off places from their home location, or else a sizeable number of people from those unusually far off places [at least where contemporary Africans are concerned] made their way to the home location of the infection. Indeed, such location may well be tagged as a tourist magnet.
^lol
quote:Originally posted by supercar: However, laboratory tests in the research and production of vaccines [and perhaps research in bio-warfare progammes] involving chimpanzees and several human volunteers [likely 'unsuspecting' volunteers, who were under the impression that they were being helped somehow; it may be worth to remember that in various cases, AIDS viruses didn't so much as have an immediate impact on the health of their initial hosts as they did with individuals who inherited the disease from those hosts. Under such conditions, initially infected 'volunteers' would not have been aware of the danger of the vaccines they were provided, only to later on see their friends or relatives suddenly and mysterously show the visible symptoms of AIDS] as guinea pigs, can account for such a genetic structure and sudden proliferation of the disease globally, and why only certain sub-human primates even carry SIVs to begin with, rather than something that appears to have been part of the bio-evolutionary history of hominids or primates.
good points, indeed, RU2 'conspiracy theory' does undermine credability and attention in an almost exact manner to 'afrocentric' and 'afrocentrist', but that's another story.
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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posted
Conspiracy Theory is dangerous for anyone to use when trying to figure out if a subject deserves just attention. It is a shame that such negativity has been accredited to these words when used together.
Yet, that is how our government turn us away from wanting to study subjects that they want to keep us away from. That is why I brought up those words ...
The consiracy is when this word is brought to the forefront on the news. Whenever I hear the news refer to a subject as a 'Conspiracy Theory' I just on the subject to see what they are trying to hid.
My opinion 95% of the time there is some truth behind what they are calling a conspiracy.
Peace!~
Posts: 951 | From: where rules end and freedom begins | Registered: Jun 2004
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A claim by Gambian President Yahya Jammeh that he can cure Aids in three days has been lambasted by a leading South African HIV/Aids specialist.
Some patients claim to have put on weight during Jammeh's treatment
"I'm astonished. The danger of a president standing up [to say this] is shocking," Jerry Coovadia told the BBC.
Mr Jammeh said last month he had begun treating 10 patients on Thursdays with secret medicinal herb ingredients.
His health minister backs his claims, saying in trials so far patients had gained weight and physically improved.
"A response within three to 10 days and a three-day course is almost inconceivable for a disease like HIV/Aids," said Prof Coovadia, who heads the HIV research team at the University of KwaZulu Natal and is a member of South Africa's Treatment Action Campaign.
He said that science was many years away from finding a cure "so the fact that someone announces a cure like this is exceedingly difficult to accept".
'Confidence' President Jammeh, who says he can also cure asthma, made his announcement to a gathering of foreign diplomats last month.
"I can treat asthma and HIV/Aids... Within three days the person should be tested again and I can tell you that he/she will be negative," he said in a statement.
"I am not a witch doctor and in fact you cannot have a witch doctor. You are either a witch or a doctor."
Gambian Health Minister Tamsir Mbow says the herbal medicines are taken orally and applied to the body.
"We cannot actually tell you the type of herbs we are using presently, it will be known to the whole world later on," Dr Mbow told the BBC.
One of the patients currently undergoing the treatment is Gambian university lecturer Ousman Sowe.
"I've noticed I've increased weight substantially over the last 10 days. I am no longer suffering from constipation, but we have yet to receive result of the tests," he told the BBC.
"I have 100% confidence in the president and I'm taking the medication with all confidence."
Risky behaviour But Mr Coovadia said it was tragic that The Gambia had a "political environment that allows a minister of health and a president to violate every foundation of science and public health."
"The entire exercise is circumscribed by secrecy - that's not how science works," he said.
It would be impossible to measure the negative impact of Mr Jammeh's claims, but it could lead to risky sexual behaviour, instead of following preventative advice, he said.
The World Health Organisation told the BBC it did not wish to comment on the issue at this stage.
Last year, South Africa's health minister came in for severe criticism for promoting a diet of garlic and beetroot to those with HIV, while not rolling out the anti-retroviral drugs which are the only recognised treatment.
South Africa has now reversed its controversial advice.
posted
Can people stop putting Greece in the same category as: 1. Europeans 2. ROmans
We are not to be considered Europeans we are as different as Egypt is for Africa. We are not Helleno-Romaic or Greco-Roman please choose one or the other or kee seperate. We Accept the term Romaioi.
Its embarassing to be called European and share the same history as the Scandanavians, British, French, Italians and Germans. No offense to these people. Western Europe should be the term used.
And yes I agree that the virus was spread through the scientific research more than by so called Gays.
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There's also an ongoing trial in Adelaide, Australia where someone accused of passing on AIDS by intimate contact is being defended by members of the "Perth Group" of viroligists who question the othodox theory of the connection beween HIV and AIDS. "Perth Group, AIDS"might also be googled.
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quote:Originally posted by RU2religious: According to the article above "Good Link", Boyd Graves has actually used the treatment for himself and he is supposedly cured from this disease.
I have a link which shows strong evidence which suggest that his cause is not a conspiracy ...
I have to look it my archives ... but I have the actual document or quote from the doctor which suggest that this disease was not intentionally created but it was something that they stumbled apon. There were trying to create an air-born cancer according to the doctor ...
I'm looking for the doctors who actually agree with his findings ... I have to contact my brother ... he has all of this information ...
He's not the only one who suggest that they have found a cure. There is a man that my family members dealt with here in California that was ran out of the U.S into Mexico for finding the cure for Cancer and AIDS.
There is also a guy in Honduras who has the cure for AIDS. Left eye (singer from America who died) was down their getting treated for AIDS whom she contracted from Andre Rison (NFL Football star)... This man was also removed from American soil. The drug companies stand to loose a lot of money in America if they stay around here so people like Boyd Graves and Dr. Gary Davis.
Dr.Gary Davis ... has another cure for AIDS which he has preformed on Americans in Oaklohoma, U.S.A .
He is currently on the run and is hiding for his life because of threats he have on his life. I didn't believe the story until I was sharing the story with a real good friend. He then called his mother on speaker phone and he asked his mother the name of his cousin who had the cure for AIDS and was actually using it in the U.S.A before he got ran out and his mother said it where I could hear it with my eyes ...
Gary Davis ...
He is another guy to research in concerns to Boyd Graves ...
When ever I see name calling on a subject like this ... I fear that people know more then what they want others to know ... so then I began to question the who who has abnormal anger ... If you know what I mean.
They found Dr Gary Davis and murdered him so he is no longer on the run ... Dr Gary Davis cousin who is a friend of mines went to the funeral some months back ...
I forgot to post this but he was found dead in April of 2007. He was running for his life and made it to Europe ... and then went to Africa to try it out on some of the population and it was successful ...
Posts: 951 | From: where rules end and freedom begins | Registered: Jun 2004
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posted
Like bank robbers who feel they've pulled off the perfect heist, the bragging and gloating is almost impossible to contain. Such is of the nature of this film the film presented here:
It is a 100% US lab made evil and its purpose was for the Kissinger idea of world population reduction. Disregarding some confusing theories dwelling on HIV in chimps and other nonsense, all the basics one needs to know is that HIV was lab created using animal specific viral agents not found it humans. Maybe some chimp dwelling theorists should also complete the fantasy story with some amusing idea of how the chimp gave it to Black African babies, yet the baby's parents were disease free…hmmmm…
…oh and by the way, while this was all happening, the W.H.O., who? the W.H.O., was injecting Black Africans with what they called vaccines for smallpox. W.H.O supposedly stands for “World Health Organization”. Preferring to have some creative fun though, given the very appropriate time, W.H.O. would actually stand for: “Western Hell Organization”.
Posts: 213 | From: New York City, USA | Registered: Sep 2007
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posted
I've gotten in contact with him but he's out of the country right now but will be back in a few weeks.
Posts: 951 | From: where rules end and freedom begins | Registered: Jun 2004
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quote:Originally posted by Hikuptah: AIDs was created in a LAb by the same people who wanted population reduction. They have the cure but it will destroy there purpose for creating it they lied to u and told u it came from Gays and monkeys but how can u trust them to give u a cure when they tried to kill Us All **** Every Government Expecially America Britian Israel and Every European DEvil.
Africas population isn't that big except for Nigeria, Ethiopia and Egypt, They should have spread it in Eastern and Southern Asia more! But I don't believe it but you never know....
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