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Author Topic: how do translators decide on ancient Egyptian vowels? Is it random?
the lioness,
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Codex Sinaiticus: The H. T. Anderson

A) 9:23 23 και ελθω ο ιϲ ειϲ την οικια του αρχοντοϲ και ϊδων τουϲ αυλη

B) 9:23 ταϲ και τον οχλον θορυβουμενον

Eng) 9:23 And Jesus entered the house of the ruler and saw the pipers and the multitude making a noise, and said:

_______________________________________


quote:
Originally posted by AncientGebts:
εκινηϲ και ελθω ο ιϲ ειϲ την οικια του αρχοντοϲ και ϊδων τουϲ αυλη ταϲ και τον οχλον θορυβουμενον

την = ደኅና = dehana = good

ϊδων = ዕዱም = A'dim = guest

τον = ጥዑም = T'U'm = delicious

οχλον = አክርማ = akerma = Eleusine Floccifolia (goosegrass grain)

Translation
"Now and occurring ο it is ειϲ good negotiation farm chief and guest τουϲ granary ταϲ and delicious grain discussion υμενον"

Those are the words in the sentence, so far. So, that's the translation... at least something like that.

so how come you only showed your translation for four words?

εκινηϲ και ελθω ο ιϲ ειϲ την οικια του αρχοντοϲ και ϊδων τουϲ αυλη ταϲ και τον οχλον θορυβουμενον

translation την οικια του
house of the Lord

by context that is Jesus, like if a story said "He ate some bread" in a story, the name of who "he" is would be mentioned in parts previous to that particular sentence. "George was hungry. He ate some bread".

ϊδων = i'm not going to do that

τον = the

οχλον = all the way to the

________________

but in context from previous verse we can determine:

9:23 and i come to the house of the lord and the court of the lord and the noise of the

> and to accurately do that would take an expert in Koine Greek

________________________
quote:
Originally posted by AncientGebts:

την = ደኅና

ϊδων = ዕዱም

τον = ጥዑም

οχλον = አክርማ


why are you putting Tigrinya here? How are you translating the Greek to Tigrinya?
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AncientGebts
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quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
why are you putting Tigrinya here? How are you translating the Greek to Tigrinya?

Because ancient written Greek is not reflective of spoken ancient Greek.

Ancient written Greek is the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic characters and vocabulary.

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ϊδων = witnesser
https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=en&tl=el&text=witnesser

It is a person, in this case, a guest (merchant)...

A'dim (ዕዲም) guest (n.) (Tigrigna)

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Did The Septuagint Translators Always Understand Their Hebrew Text?

EMANUEL TOV, Ph.D.
J. L. Magnes Professor of Bible
Hebrew University, Jerusalem
(PDF is linked below)

1. "The (correct) understanding of the biblical text is an abstract concept."
2. "We do not understand all words in MT, and therefore modern translations often suggest alternative renderings of individual words, add question marks, or note that the translation is conjectural"
3. "... we are not focusing on renderings which are mistranslations according to our standards, but on renderings which show the translators’ ignorance of words through an analysis of the inner dynamics of the translation"
4. "The whole process of translating in antiquity is often conjectural, for, to the best of our knowledge, translators had no lexica or word-lists at their disposal"
-------------
"If these caveats are taken into consideration, several types of conjectural renderings may be
recognized":
1. "Untranslated words"
2. "Contextual guesses"
3. "Contextual manipulation"
4. "Reliance on parallelism"
5. "Employment of general words"
6. "Etymological renderings"


1. Untranslated words
A. "One group of renderings demonstrates beyond doubt that at least some words in the Hebrew Bible were unknown to the translators. These are words which were left untranslated because the translators did not know their meaning."
B. "... common nouns have been treated as proper nouns, probably because they were not known to the translators..."
C. "Since the translators did not know the meaning of these words, it is conceivable that also other words may have been unknown to one or all of the translators."

2. Contextual guesses
"Since the preceding section demonstrated that several words were left untranslated, it should not be hard to accept that in other cases the translators resorted to contextual guesses."

3. Contextual manipulation
"In some cases the avoidance of a difficult word is subtle, and therefore more difficult to recognize. We submit that the translators sometimes knowingly manipulated the Hebrew consonants in order to create words which would fit the context better than the words of their Vorlage"

4. Reliance on parallelism
"Reliance on parallelism is a form of contextual translation, treated here separately. As a rule, reliance on parallelism is a stable means of determining the meaning of words, but the decision whether or not to turn to parallelism remains subjective and the recognition of different types of parallelism requires different renderings"

5. Employment of general words
"Ignorance of a word is often disguised by the use of general words which the translator considered to be somehow fitting in the context (e.g. ‘to do,’ ‘give,’ ‘arrange,’ ‘prepare’)."

6. Etymological renderings
A. Root-linked renderings
"Many translators rendered all occurrences of a given Hebrew word, element (e.g. preposition), root or construction as much as possible by the same Greek equivalent ( stereotyping). It is probably true to say that from the outset a tendency towards stereotyping was the rule rather than the exception."
B. Etymological guesses
"Reliance on etymology is a known procedure for translators, and such reliance is called conjectural when the translation is based on a certain manipulation of the consonants, sometimes involving disregard of prefixes or suffixes. In all cases the Hebrew words involved are understandably difficult."
http://www.emanueltov.info/docs/papers/14.understand.1999.pdf?v=1.0

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How could a message be hidden inside another message? It is nothing new.

Steganography includes the practice of concealing a message within another message.

  • "... uses of steganography can be traced back to 440 BC..."
  • "Steganography... is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video."
  • "The word steganography comes from New Latin steganographia, which combines the Greek words steganós (στεγανός), meaning 'covered or concealed', and -graphia (γραφή) meaning 'writing'."
  • " Generally, the hidden messages appear to be (or to be part of) something else: images, articles, shopping lists, or some other cover text."
  • The advantage of steganography over cryptography alone is that the intended secret message does not attract attention to itself as an object of scrutiny.

Countermeasures and detection
"Detecting physical steganography requires careful physical examination..."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography

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This is stupid. Like we're in the damn Twilight Zone! You cannot believe in God without the Bible?

 - "I did it for you, I did the big retranslation for you..."

"I can't believe it, I just can't believe the underlying text of the Bible is really farming, kid... How will I ever believe in God without the Bible?... No, I just can't believe it... I'm sorry, kid..."
 -

I understand how difficult it is to believe the retranslation. I once believed in Bible religion. I used to be a Christian, too. [Big Grin]

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Quick interruption. People believed in "God" before Christianity.


quote:
Originally posted by AncientGebts:
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
why are you putting Tigrinya here? How are you translating the Greek to Tigrinya?

Because ancient written Greek is not reflective of spoken ancient Greek.

Ancient written Greek is the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic characters and vocabulary.

True. Even in modern languages you'll notice this, when you are bi-language or multilingual.
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AncientGebts
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So, back to the use of vowels, the underlying text of the Bible also reveals the varying use of vowels and consonants by different ancient Egyptian writers.

As have liberal theologians examining the Bible as religion found, when I was retranslating the underlying text of Genesis, I came to the conclusion there were multiple writers -- not a single writer.

In general, the underlying text of Genesis 1-4 had three different writers...
  • The writer of the underlying text of Genesis 1 was a particular writer (writer 1)
  • The writer of the underlying text of Genesis 2 was a particular writer (writer 2)
  • The writer of the underlying text of Genesis 3 and 4 was a particular writer (writer 3)
My conclusion came by examining the use of consonants and vowels to spell the same words. For example, look at the following example...

 -
(Modern Hebrew and Dead Sea scroll-style direction has been reversed for reading left-to-right)
  • As you see above, the general spelling of adme/"invitation" uses one spelling in the underlying text of Genesis 1 and Genesis 2
  • But the third writer, of the underlying text of Genesis 3, uses a difference spelling
  • Regardless, you can see that each of the vowels is written out -- A D M E
We can see something different with the word, aql/"patiently"...
 -
  • As you see above, the spelling of aql/"patiently," in the underlying text is different for Genesis 1, Genesis 2 and Genesis 3, are all different
  • Only the second writer, that of the underlying text of Genesis 2, writes a vowel for the 6th order ending [L] pronunciation ል
  • Writers 1 and 3 use the same beginning vowel
  • Writer 2 makes a distinction of the vowel sound between the beginning vowel sound (1st order) and the ending vowel sound (6th order)
What was really interesting to me, was the third writer, that of the underlying text of Genesis 3 and Genesis 4. This was obviously a more advanced writer.

Seeing that an Egyptian king and queen visited the Egyptian farming region in the underlying text of Genesis 3 and Genesis 4, it is likely the explanation is that the clerk was that of the Egyptian king and queen.

What is really unique is, this writer was almost a show-off, exhibiting an advanced writing ability, even though maybe unnecessarily, conjugating a verb three different ways in a single sentence...
 -
  • The first form is mawaqer, with the ma- verb prefix
  • The second form is tewaqere, with the te- verb prefix
  • The third form is awaqere, with the a- verb prefix
  • Also notice the te- and a- prefix vowels are both written with the same vowel for the 1st order -- ተ and አ are both 1st order -- while the ma- prefix is written without a vowel at all.

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We can look at ancient Greek myths and unravel them, with the help of vowels.

Take the famous story of the Trojan Horse. Does the underlying text really say those words?

δούρειος ἵππος = Trojan Horse
δούρειος = Trojan
ἵππος = Horse

So we have to process the suffixes first. As we saw in the underlying text of Matthew 9:23...
ος = እዚኣ = izea = this

So we are left with...
δούρει = Trojan
ἵππ = Horse

Immediately anybody familiar with the word snake in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs should be able to see the word supposedly horse is not horse...

ἵππ = እባብ = ibab = snake

ibab (እባብ) snake, serpent (n.) (Amarigna)

 -
(notice the word ibab in front and above the snake's face)

Egyptologists transliterate ibab as apep, although there is no natural [P] pronunciation in Amarigna nor Tigrigna. For this reason, the Egyptologist [P] is actually Amarigna and Tigrigna [B] pronunciation sound.

 -
Apep
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apep

So that takes care of the second word. The horse is not a horse. Now for the first word. Since the two words are written together, they should fit the same context...

δούρει = ሰላዪ = selayi = spy
selayi (ሰላዪ) spy (n.) (Tigrigna)

So we can see the use of the vowels...

δού = ሰ = se = 1st order vowel pronunciation sound ([ሰ] ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ)
ρε = ላ = la = 4th order pronunciation sound (ለ ሉ ሊ [ላ] ሌ ል ሎ)
ι = ዪ = yi = 3rd order pronunciation sound (የ ዩ [ዪ] ያ ዬ ይ ዮ)

So, δούρει is the pronunciation as the ancient Greek writer understood it to be. It is very accurate, although since the [SE]/ሰ/se is the first order pronunciation and common, it was not necessary to write the vowel sound, which would have left the word written as...
δρει

But it was important for the writer to write the vowel sound of the [L] consonant as ρε, since the [LA]/ላ/la sound is not necessarily that common. This allows the reader to distinguish the word more easily.

Finally, the ending, ι sound was perfect, being the yee sound, one of several pronunciation sounds associated with the  - hieroglyph. In any case, this ending vowel sound was the most helpful of the three vowel sounds in helping to match the pronunciation to an actual word.

So we are left with Trojan Horse actually being...

δούρει = ሰላዪ = selayi = spy
ἵππ = እባብ = ibab = snake

In the context, spy snake would refer to thieves and invaders, not actually the snake as a snake.

Then we look at the mistranslation as Trojan Horse and the story, a wooden horse filled with spies/invaders. Therefore, there was never a Trojan Horse. It was made-up from the underlying text, but has since grown into a legend -- although a false legend.

Finally, we look at the Egyptologist version of the ibab (apep) story...

"Apep was seen as a giant snake or serpent leading to such titles as Serpent from the Nile and Evil Dragon.... sometimes depicted as a crocodile."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apep

These ibab would be thieves who attacked the boats as they went along the Nile River. Not only in Egypt, but as far back as Ethiopia where the Nile River begins (up to 85% of the water that flows into Egypt comes from Ethiopia's Lake Tana and Blue Nile River).
 -

The documentary showing the trip from Lake Tana to Egypt along the Nile River made the point that, aside from the rapids and waterfalls along the Nile, the most dangerous part of the journey were the thieves hiding along the Nile ready to attack the passing boats...

Mystery Of The Nile - Ethiopia, Egypt & History of the Nile River
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGa6ro6SKfM

Especially when you consider that in ancient days, many of theses boats may have been filled with produce and goods, traveling the Nile from the Yafo, Tel Aviv port of the Dead Sea Egyptian region farms to the Nile Valley markets. This would be plenty reason for thieves to lie in wait.
 -
(fleet of ancient Egyptian boats with cargo and livestock)

But even in the documentary of the trip along the Nile from Ethiopia to Egypt, there were only men in boats. Still, thieves are always ready to take advantage of any opportunity that may present itself.

So, it is not true. There never was a Trojan Horse. And the ancient written vowels helped uncover the ruse. False history. Fake news.

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So I've shown how vowels (or lack of them) assist in the retranslations of ancient texts, including...
  • Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs
  • Yafo/Dead Sea region Egyptian hieroglyphs (so-called Proto-Canaanite/Proto-Sinaitic/ancient Hebrew)
  • Ancient written Aramaic
  • Ancient written Greek
Now I want to show how vowels, or the lack of them help with the retranslation of Cuneiform in the Amarna letters.

So far, the rules are...
  • Written characters represent pronunciations
  • Words are written based on the understood pronunciation of a word (therefore mispronunciations will be reflected in the written spelling of words the writer mispronounces)
  • Common vowel pronunciation sounds are not necessary to be written
  • Less common vowel sounds need to be written
  • Writing out vowel pronunciation sounds assists the reader in understanding what word is written as well as which form of a word is written

Amarna Letters
Ur III catalogue from Nibru (N1) composite text:
Line 1. dub suj-ta
Line 2 - den-ki unu2 gal im-ed3
Line 3 - an-zag-ce3
Line 4 - an-ji6 zu ama tu6 zu-ke4
Line 5 - jic-gi bul-e
Line 6 - AN KAC4 AN KAC4 me3-ke4
Line 7 - mac-mac erim2 kur2-kur2
Line 8 - jiri3-jen-na /den\-ki ki unu2 gal im-ed3-kam
Line 9 - cag4 LAGABxU 1-kam
Line 10 - dub saj-ta
http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section0/c011.htm

Here's the retranslation...

 -

Here we have the basic same context as other ancient texts I've show, but with different choice of words, such as...
  • Instead of irdi (ዒርዲ) as "fortress," this uses mesheg (ምሸግ)
  • Instead of A'deme (ዓደመ) for "invite," this uses TS'ewA' (ጸውዐ)
  • Instead of weg'i (ወግዒ) for the word for "discussion," this uses krkr (ክርክር)

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AncientGebts
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What I find interesting about vowels in the Ur III catalogue from Nibru (N1) composite text is not the ancient vowel usage.

Instead, the transcriber's assignment of i for the 1st order common vowel pronunciation sound is a mistake in transcription, not of the ancient writer...
  • ሐ in ጽንሐ/TS'nhe/"remain"
  • መ in መጸ/meTS'e/"come, arrive"
  • ሐ in ኣናውሐ/anawhe/"extend"
  • ረ in እረኛ/irenya/"herder"
  • ረ in ሓረየ/hareye/"select"
  • ከ in ከ/ke/"of"
When we look at other ancient languages, such as ancient written Greek, the i by ancient Greek writers is normally and reliably reserved for the ee pronunciation sound or y.

Likewise, the transcriber's assignment of e for the 6th order vowel pronunciation sound is a mistake on the part of the transcriber and not the ancient writer, because e, such as in ancient wrtten Greek, is normally a common vowel sound...
  • ጽ in ጽንሐ/TS'nihe/"remain"
  • ቕ in ንዑቕ/nU'Q/"he rejected"
  • እ in እረኛ/irenya/"herder"
  • ም in ኣምጸአ/amTS'e/"bring, import"
Regardless, during retranslation one can make note of these transcription errors and apply them to the word matching.
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So now onto Sanskrit and the Rigveda, which you would never guess shared the underlying text with the underlying text of the Hesiod Theogony and the underlying text of the Bible.
  • "The Rigveda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text"
  • "Its early layers are one of the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language"
  • "The Philological and linguistic evidence indicates that the bulk of the Rigveda Samhita was composed in the northwestern region (Punjab) of the Indian subcontinent"
  • "... most likely between c. 1500 and 1200 BC, although a wider approximation of c. 1700–1100 BC has also been given."


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda
Like the underlying text of the Hesiod Theogony and the underlying text of the Bible, the underlying text of the Rigveda are not hymns and has nothing to do with religion.

 -

In the underlying text, again, we see farming. We see in this one example...
  • Shipping jars
  • Traveling/shipping
  • The fortress
  • The granary
  • Crops
  • A king who is a merchant

And a second retranslation...
 -

In the underlying text, again, we see farming. We see in this second example...
  • The ankh
  • Creating a profit
  • A queen who is a merchant
  • A sales agreement
  • Ripe crops
  • A shipping vessel (water boat)
This time, I also provide the commonly accepted Rigveda mistranslation of the underlying text, which isn't bad, except the queen is no longer a queen in the mistranslation.

But this is common in intentional mistranslations of ancient texts, where the wife's powerful royal title is taken away from her in the intentional mistranslations. This is a trend that took women's ancient women's rights from them, leaving today's Western women powerless, silenced and subjugated to men.

We can see how this also took place in the underlying text of the Bible. The same word, Atseyti's powerful royal title is removed in the intentional mistranslation of the underlying text...

 -

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So let's look at the word for aTS'eyti/ሃጸይቲ/አፄቲ/"empress" in the underlying text of the Rigveda...

-- = አ (beginning common 1st order vowel not written)
स = sa = ፄ = sey
ती = ti = ቲ = ti (tee)
  • सती = satI = "wife"
  • सती = satI = "your ladyship"
  • सती = satI = "female"

https://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?tran_input=satI&direct=se&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3

Now compare that to सित/sita/handsome woman...
  • सित = sita = handsome woman
  • सित = sita = fettered
  • सित = sita = bound
  • सित = sita = joined with
  • शित = zita = feeble
  • शित = zita = weak
  • सित = sita = accompanied by
  • सित = sita = pale
Without the i (ee) ending, we have a different word, which may mean "female" but it doesn't mean "wife" at all...
  • सित = sita = saet = ሴት = woman
  • saet (ሴት) woman (n.) (Amarigna)
  • set (ሰት) girl (n.) (Amarigna)
Just to be clear, "wife" is a totally different word...

mist (ሚስት) wife (Amarigna)
weyzero (ወይዘሮ) Mrs, lady, madam (n.) (Tigrigna)

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In the underlying text of the Hesiod Theogony, we can see the word Mrs. in ancient written Greek as βασιλῆα/ወይዘሮ/weyzero/"Mrs.", referring to an ancient Egyptian queen working with an architect to design the Yafo fortress...

 -

βασιλῆα = ወይዘሮ = weyzero = Mrs, lady, madam

βα = ወይ = wey
σι = ዘ = ze
λῆα = ሮ = ro

Notice that the writer uses...
  • α for the ይ/y (aye) pronunciation sound
  • α for the o (oh) pronunciation sound

This is correct, because the reader knows both are not-so-common sounds.

Also, ι is written for a common vowel pronunciation sound, which includes the  - hieroglyph

Below we can see more of the complete text, which includes the fortress and materials, chalk mixed with gypsum being used...

 -
The guest is the king, and the Mrs. is the king's wife, the queen.

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Damn, it's like crickets in here.

 -

Wow [Big Grin]

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Simone Lia on the heritage of the future
Looking back at the mysteries of the early 21st century
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https://www.theguardian.com/culture/ng-interactive/2020/mar/01/simone-lia-on-the-heritage-of-the-future

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AncientGebts
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Sabir Bey was live with Legesse Allyn and 2 others · May 25 at 9:33 PM · Public
Watch: https://www.facebook.com/sabir.bey/videos/10220548782141742

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AncientGebts
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So you see, it's not true that God will strike you down if you don't go to church. It was all a lie. Fake religions. All lies.

Hieroglyphs do have vowel characters. The way translators decided on ancient Egyptian vowels was by making stuff up and telling lies. All they had to do is study the Amarigna and Tigrigna language, and they would have known.

And to find out the truth about these fake religions, all you have to do is retranslate the underlying text of all the religions with Amarigna and Tigrigna languages.

But then, lies and fake info is more believable than the truth.

Retranslation of the underlying text of Genesis 1 - 2
http://files.ancientgebts.org/Amarigna%20%26%20Tigrigna%20Qal%20Genesis%201-2%20w-cover%20completepages%2005-17-18.pdf


Retranslation of the underlying text of Genesis 3 - 4
http://files.ancientgebts.org/Amarigna%20%26%20Tigrigna%20Qal%20Genesis%203-4%20w-cover%20completepages%2005-17-18.pdf

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