quote:Caption: Mechta-Afalou hunter model. Reconstruction of a Mechta-Afalou hunter based on 35,000-year-old fossils found at Afalou in Algeria (1980). The Mechta-Afalou people were a form of early humans (Homo sapiens) that inhabited northern Africa. In the background is a Cro-Magnon man, a form of early modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) that inhabited Europe from around 35,000 years ago. Reconstructions by the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
quote:Caption: Mechta-Afalou model research. Researcher with a reconstruction of a Mechta-Afalou head based on fossils found at Afalou in Algeria (1967). These fossils date from 25,000 to 8,000 years ago. The Mechta-Afalou people were a form of early humans (Homo sapiens) that inhabited northern Africa. Reconstruction by the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
quote: Caption: Prehistoric hunter and fossil skull. Reconstruction of a human hunter based on fossils found at Warburg, Germany. The fossils of early modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) in Europe (Cro-Magnon) date from around 35,000 years ago. Reconstruction by Elisabeth Daynes of the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
quote:Caption: Cro-Magnon hunter model. Reconstruction of a Cro-Magnon hunter based on 30,000-year-old fossils found at Eyzies-de-Tayac, south-western France (1868). Cro-Magnons are a form of early modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) that inhabited Europe from around 35,000 years ago. Reconstruction by Elisabeth Daynes of the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
quote:Caption: Homo heidelbergensis hunter model. Reconstruction of a Heidelberg Man (Homo heidelbergensis) hunter. This hominin is an extinct species that forms a relatively recent part of the human evolutionary tree. Fossils of this species date from between 600,000 and 400,000 years ago. It may have been an ancestor of both Neanderthals and modern humans. Reconstruction by Elisabeth Daynes of the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
quote: Caption: Anthropological models based on fossils from the human evolutionary tree. From left to right, are: a female Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus (female with throwing stone in front of a male), two male Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis, carrying dead animals) with a female and a child, a Cro-Magnon hunter (throwing spear), a group of three heads (left to right: Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus boisei, Sahelanthropus tchadensis), and Lucy and Lucien (Australopithecus afarensis) walking in the Laetoli fossil footprints. Reconstructions by Elisabeth Daynes, Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
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quote:Caption: Neanderthal model. Reconstruction of a Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) based on the La Chapelle-aux-Saints fossils. Neanderthals inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230,000 and 29,000 years ago. They did not use complex tools but had mastery of fire and built shelters. It is thought that they had language and a complex social structure, living in small family groups and hunting for food. It is not known why Neanderthals became extinct, but one theory is that they were outcompeted by modern humans (Homo sapiens). Reconstruction by Elisabeth Daynes of the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
quote: Caption: Neanderthal with shell ornament, artwork. Like modern humans, Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) are members of the Homo genus. They inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230,000 and 29,000 years ago. They did not use complex tools but had mastery of fire and built shelters. Their complex social structure included the use of ornaments such as this shell necklace. Discoveries of black pigments suggest body paint (stripes on face and upper body). It is not known why they became extinct, but one theory is that they were outcompeted by modern humans (Homo sapiens).
quote: Caption: Magdalenian culture. Reconstruction of a man from the prehistoric Magdalenian culture. The Magdalenian people, a culture of early modern humans, lived in western Europe from 15,000 to 7000 years ago, during the Upper Paleolithic period. As well as evidence of fur clothing, excavations have found a wide range of carved bone, antler and ivory artefacts. This reconstruction is based on 13,000-year-old fossils found in the Mas d'Azil cave near Ariege, France. Reconstruction by Elisabeth Daynes of the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
quote:Caption: Tutankhamun, anthropological model. This famous Egyptian pharaoh, a boy King, died in his late teens and remained buried in the Valley of Kings for over 3300 years. He ruled from 1333-1324 BC in the period of Ancient Egypt known as the New Kingdom. He was discovered in November 1922 by British Egyptologist Howard Carter. Although only of moderate historical significance, Tutankhamun's almost completely intact tomb and solid gold funeral mask has made him famous in popular culture. Reconstruction by Elisabeth Daynes of the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
quote: Caption: Mummy analysis. Egyptian mummy wrapped in linen about to be sent for X-ray analysis. By using X- ray techniques, archaeologists can study the cause of death of the subject without unwrapping the preserved body from its linen. This mummy turned out to be that of a 35-year old man with no notable signs of injury or illness. The mummy was found in the Valley of the Mummies, a six kilometre stretch of tunnels and burial chambers carved into the sandstone of the Bahareya Oasis in the Western Desert, Egypt. The tombs date back to the third century AD during the Roman occupation of Egypt (see image H160/108 of X-ray).
quote: Artist from France brings prehistoric man to life
Written by Web in France team // September 12, 2008 //
French sculptor Elisabeth Daynes combines art and anthropology for a unique window into the look and personalities of our human ancestors.
When most of us think of an early human, an image of a flat-headed, lurching brute comes to mind; something more like a beast than a person. Certainly nothing like any of our relatives (with a few unfortunate exceptions!). But look into the eyes of a prehistoric figure sculpted by French artist Elisabeth Daynès, and you see something else. Intelligence, an emotional life, a personality…maybe even a soul. It doesn’t look like us, and yet, there is still something there that we understand and recognize in this reconstruction of our human origin. No wonder natural history museums all over the world clamor to display Daynès’ sculptures.
But how did this talented woman classically trained as a painter and sculptor in France end up in the world of anthropology, creating these hyper realistic hominid reconstructions of Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons?
Geography may have had something to do with it. France, after all, is the site of many notable moments in the discovery of human origins. In 1908, the first almost complete Neanderthal skeleton was discovered at La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France. The oldest stone tools found in France, in the Haute-Loire region, are thought to be 1,800,000 years old. There is the famous prehistoric site in Brittany, with its Carnac Stones, the Regourdou site in Lascaux, and of course, the jewel of prehistoric France, the famous painted caves, also in Lascaux, with their beautiful horses that are thought to be at least 15,000 years old. France has long been proud of and fascinated by its prehistoric heritage and its place in the discoveries of human origins and human evolution.
Elisabeth Daynès also had her origins in France — a bit more recently, of course — where she started painting in an artist’s workshop at the age of seven. In 1981, at the age of 20, she joined the National Theatre of Lille’s Salamandre Troupe and began creating masks for the theater, a precursor of things to come. A year later, a German stage director noticed her talent and she began to experiment with more materials such as silicone and resins to create special effects. She founded her own studio, Atelier Daynès, in the 10th arrondissement of Paris in 1984. a few years later, she was commissioned by the Thot Museum in Montignac, close by the famous caves of Lascaux, to sculpt a life-size wooly Mammoth as a group of hominid figures from the Magdalenian period, around 15,000 B.C. Daynès was hooked, and began to devote her career to anthropological study and how it could be expressed through her art in the form of hominid reconstruction. In 1991, the opening of the Tautavel Museum in the Pyrenees region of France made her famous, as the world discovered her hyper realistic reconstructions of early humans and was transfixed.
Since then, Elisabeth Daynès and her studio, Atelier Daynès have worked other European countries such as Germany, Sweden, Portugal and Spain, but also places as far-flung as South Africa, Japan, French Polynesia and Mexico, to name only a few. Among her many accomplishments worldwide, she has brought the famous first woman, “Lucy” to life with her hyper realistic reconstructions, and has been featured in the US on the cover of National Geographic depicting the young superstar Pharaoh Tutankhamen under the heading “The New Face of King Tut,” winning rave reviews and flooding Tutankhamen exhibits. Daynès is widely recognized as the best in the world at what she does.
Hominid reconstruction is a painstaking process that can take four months or more to complete for one figure. Unlike other forms using only one medium, the technique takes several steps using many different materials, and each step must be perfect as the others layer over it. To do her hyper realistic reconstruction of the faces of early humans, Daynès begins with a cast of a prehistoric skull. The face is the biggest challenge, as Daynès strives to create a unique and specific early human or pre-human face using the scarce information left by the remains of a skull that might be thousands or even a million years old. The process takes a delicate interplay of the knowledge of a scientist and the intuition of an artist. Daynès works closely with forensic anthropologist Dr. Jean-Noel Vignalto piece together the clues and remain as scientifically accurate as possible throughout the process. The possible environment, diet, the age of the individual at the time of death amd many other factors give Daynès clues as to how her portrait should look.
Once an accurate depictions of the skull has been constructed, Daynès’s work as a sculptor begins with the laying down of muscles, and later layers of skin. Finally, she adds the touches that have made her famous, the wrinkles, defects, quirks and expressions that give the figure an inner life and spirit and make him seem alive. Suddenly, we begin to understand how a person like this might have been able to paint the miraculous pictures in the Chauvet caves.
In France and elsewhere, man looks to science to educate us the facts about human evolution. But for us to experience early humans as real human beings we feel we can know, it takes the hand of an artist. That is the lesson of the ChauvetCaves and of the work of Elisabeth Daynès.
Atelier Daynès specializes in hyper realistic reconstructions of early humans and pre-humans for museums and galleries worldwide.
posted
Let the lurkers be aware. Neanderthals were black skinned. They carried NO derived allele for skin pigmentation!!!! They carried absolutely NONE derived for light skin. They were as black as they come. They were black as Melenesians.
More delusional lies Europeans tell themselves.
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^ LOL This coming from the scientific illiterate who misinterprets every study he reads and now suggests that a hominid species that was perhaps the most cold adapted in history living in glacial Ice Age Europe was as black as tropical Melanesians. Posts: 26239 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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quote:Caption: Mechta-Afalou hunter model. Reconstruction of a Mechta-Afalou hunter based on 35,000-year-old fossils found at Afalou in Algeria (1980). The Mechta-Afalou people were a form of early humans (Homo sapiens) that inhabited northern Africa. In the background is a Cro-Magnon man, a form of early modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) that inhabited Europe from around 35,000 years ago. Reconstructions by the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
quote:Caption: Mechta-Afalou model research. Researcher with a reconstruction of a Mechta-Afalou head based on fossils found at Afalou in Algeria (1967). These fossils date from 25,000 to 8,000 years ago. The Mechta-Afalou people were a form of early humans (Homo sapiens) that inhabited northern Africa. Reconstruction by the Daynes Studio, Paris, France.
LMAO Just as nutty as Xyman's black neanderthal is this reconstruction of a prehistoric African that looks like a contemporary European!
I mean, really? Were these artists educated at all in regards to the identity of Mechta-Afalou people?? They are obviously of those Euronuts who identify anything North African as 'white'!!
The Negroid increment of which there is evidence in some of our Northern Neolithic Series, notably Kef-el-Agab 1 and Troglodytes 1, may have well come in the same way from the South to add to the already slightly Negroid Hamitic cast of the African Mediterraneans and of their partial derivative, the Mechta-Afalou Type.....
...Type B which fits, in all essential respects, the usual definition of the Mediterranean racial type, but sometimes shows also certain morphological peculiarities commonly known as "Boskopid," as well as Negroid features among females. Type B therefore was classified as African Mediterranean...It may have well acquired its "Boskopid" (Khoisan) traits on the road, near the headwaters of the Nile, and kidnapped a few Negro or heavily Negroid women on its way west before turning northward into Northwest Africa. The peculiar characteristics of such women could have been restricted largely to females, at least for a time, by artificial selection in the form of preferential mating.
Briggs, Stone Age Races of Northwest Africa, pgs 81,89.
A child burial was found at Taramsa-1 (c.55,000 BP): “The poorly preserved bones were those of a subadult ‘anatomically modern human’ similar in appearance to the Mechtoid populations of the north African Epipalaeolithic. The position of the body, as well as the depth of the pit in which it was found... suggest that the child had not died in this location but had been deliberately brought here to be buried” (Midant-Reynes 1992/2000 p.37).
factor 2 represents the **sub-Saharan/Caucasoid** contrast. The Caucasoid populations (Egypt, Norse, Cro-Magnon) score positively on factor 2, the sub-Saharan Teita score negatively. The modern Dogon (Southern Mali) samples are intermediate. The fossil Nubians score strongly negative, as does the Asselar skull (Central Mali). What is especially interesting is that Afalou also scores negatively, if only slightly; it occupies the same morphological position as do the modern Dogon.
C. O. Groves, A. Thorne. The Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene Populations of Northern Africa., Vol. Homo, No. 3. (1999), pp. 249-262
Mechta
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quote:Originally posted by Truthcentric: I have just downloaded this new limb proportion study onto my laptop at UCSD. If anyone's interested in taking a look, PM me your e-mail so I can send it to you.
To give you a preview of the findings, here's a dendrogram showing similarities in limb proportions between the populations measured:
posted
The victors write history. The white Europeans had conquered the world in the colonial era therefore they rewrote world history to make all the past civilizations white. According to white Europeans the Homo sapiens, the Ancient Egyptians, the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians, the Greeks, The Romans etc were white or half white people. George Orwell states the one who control the past will control the future. The Europeans are controlling the past with their fake world history.
I remember a Greek writer saying the people make the Gods to their images, for the Ethiopians the Gods are black, for the Scythians the God are white, for the Persians the god are brown. World history will always going to be bias because historians are going to glorify their race. I don't think we should have one world history, I think we should have many world history. We should have world history written by African/black people, European people, Indian people, Chinese people, Arab people, Latin American people etc. Those World history books don't have to agree with each other. each people are free to write their bias opinion and the readers will make sense of them. That's the way it was in the world before Western European world colonization. It doesn't make sense for the world and Africa to rely only on Europeans world history books because history is politic. The Hopi Indian states the one who tell the story will rule the world.
posted
^ The TRUTH always wins in the end. Sure so-called 'victors' may write their lies, but their lies only last for so long! Just look at what's going on in Western Academia today with regards to all the white-lies they've told about Africa and other cultures! The chickens have come home to roost. Now many white scholars are either trying to sweep their old rubbish under the carpet OR (the brave ones) confront all the wrongs their predecessors have written head on and rectify them.
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quote:Originally posted by Truthcentric: I have just downloaded this new limb proportion study onto my laptop at UCSD. If anyone's interested in taking a look, PM me your e-mail so I can send it to you.
To give you a preview of the findings, here's a dendrogram showing similarities in limb proportions between the populations measured:
Trenton Holliday 2013
Let's look at this critically for a moment.
quote:
Our results demonstrate an ancient local evolution in Tunisia of some African haplogroups (L2a, L3*, and L3b).
[...]
Since the end of the extreme Saharan desiccation, lasting from before 25,000 years ago up to about 15,000 years ago, the Sahara has had post- and pre- Holocene cyclical climatic changes (Street and Grove 1976), and corresponding increases and decreases in population are probable. Wetter phases with better habitats perhaps allowed for increased colonization and gene and cultural exchange. Desiccation would have encouraged the emigration and segmentation of populations, with resultant genetic consequences secondary to drift producing more variation. During the last glacial period, the Sahara was even bigger than it is today, extending south beyond its current boundaries (Ehret 2002). About 13,000 years ago, large parts of the Sahara were as dry as the desert is now (White and Mattingly 2006). The end of the glacial period brought more rain to the Sahara, especially from about 8500 to 6000 BC (Fezzan Project 2006). By around 3400 BC, the monsoon retreated south to approximately where it is today, leading to the gradual desertification of the region (Kröpelin 2008). Thus the Sahara, through its cyclical environmental changes, might be seen as a microevolutionary “processor” and/or “pump” of African people that “ejected” groups to the circum-Saharan regions in times of increasing aridity.
--Frigi et al., 2010
Ancient Local Evolution of African mtDNA Haplogroups in Tunisian Berber Populations
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Truthcentric: I have just downloaded this new limb proportion study onto my laptop at UCSD. If anyone's interested in taking a look, PM me your e-mail so I can send it to you.
To give you a preview of the findings, here's a dendrogram showing similarities in limb proportions between the populations measured:
Trenton Holliday 2013
Perhaps you can explain yourself further?
quote: The great similarities between Taforalt and Hassi-el-Abiod men (malian Sahara)
In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIV° Série, tome 5 fascicule 4, 1988. pp. 247-256.
TAFORALT MAN IN SAHARA : SAHARAN EXTENSION OF MAGHREBIAN
quote: we suggest that there may have been a relationship, albeit a complex one, between climatic events and cave activity on the part of Iberomaurusian populations.
--A. Bouzouggar, et al.
Reevaluating the Age of the Iberomaurusian in Morocco
quote: Large-scale climate change forms the backdrop to the beginnings of food production in northeastern Africa (Kröpelin et al. 2008).[ Hunter-gatherer communities deserted most of the northern interior of the continent during the arid glacial maximum and took refuge along the North African coast, the Nile Valley, and the southern fringes of the Sahara (Barich and Garcea 2008; Garcea 2006; Kuper and Kröpelin 2006). During the subsequent Early Holocene African humid phase, from the mid-eleventh to the early ninth millennium cal BP, ceramic-using hunter-gatherers took advantage of more favorable savanna conditions to resettle much of northeastern Africa (Holl 2005; Kuper and Kröpelin 2006). Evidence of domestic animals first appeared in sites in the Western Desert of Egypt, the Khartoum region of the Nile, northern Niger, the Acacus Mountains of Libya, and Wadi Howar (Garcea 2004, 2006; Pöllath and Peters 2007; fig. 1).
--Fiona Marshall
Domestication Processes and Morphological Change Through the Lens of the Donkey and African Pastoralism Fiona Marshall and Lior Weissbrod
quote:Evidence from throughout the Sahara indicates that the region experienced a cool, dry and windy climate during the last glacial period, followed by a wetter climate with the onset of the current interglacial, with humid conditions being fully established by around 10,000 years BP, when we see the first evidence of a reoccupation of parts of the central Sahara by hunter gathers, most likely originating from sub-Saharan Africa (Cremaschi and Di Lernia, 1998; Goudie, 1992; Phillipson, 1993; Ritchie, 1994; Roberts, 1998).
[...]
Conical tumuli, platform burials and a V-type monument represent structures similar to those found in other Saharan regions and associated with human burials, appearing in sixth millennium BP onwards in northeast Niger and southwest Libya (Sivilli, 2002). In the latter area a shift in emphasis from faunal to human burials, complete by the early fifth millennium BP, has been interpreted by Di Lernia and Manzi (2002) as being associated with a changes in social organisation that occurred at a time of increasing aridity. While further research is required in order to place the funerary monuments of Western Sahara in their chronological context, we can postulate a similar process as a hypothesis to be tested, based on the high density of burial sites recorded in the 2002 survey. Fig. 2: Megaliths associated with tumulus burial (to right of frame), north of Tifariti (Fig. 1). A monument consisting of sixty five stelae was also of great interest; precise alignments north and east, a division of the area covered into separate units, and a deliberate scattering of quartzite inside the structure, are suggestive of an astronomical function associated with funerary rituals. Stelae are also associated with a number of burial sites, again suggesting dual funerary and astronomical functions (Figure 2). Further similarities with other Saharan regions are evident in the rock art recorded in the study area, although local stylistic developments are also apparent. Carvings of wild fauna at the site of Sluguilla resemble the Tazina style found in Algeria, Libya and Morocco (Pichler and Rodrigue, 2003), although examples of elephant and rhinoceros in a naturalistic style reminiscent of engravings from the central Sahara believed to date from the early Holocene are also present.
--Nick Brooks et al.
The prehistory of Western Sahara in a regional context: the archaeology of the "free zone"
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Saharan Studies Programme and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Coauthors: Di Lernia, Savino ((Department of Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche, e Antropologiche dell’Antichità, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Palestro 63, 00185 – Rome, Italy) and Drake, Nick (Department of Geography, King’s College, Strand, London WC2R 2LS).
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Mary the Hindu. Showing her mis-understanding of science.
Cold adapted equates tp light skin. HA! Ha! HA! Ha! She is truly a novice..
This article was published on-line since March 2012. Over two years ago!!!. It is really surprising that it is not talked about more. Really surprising. With all the hoopla about Neanderthal admixture no one seemed to mention that Neanderthal and Denisovan were black skinned. Man, as I said this is really getting hilarious.
What do we have. The infamous white genes are SLC 45A2 and SLC24A5, along with MC1r and ASIP, TYP and Herc2(eyes and skin) at the corresponding SNPs.
In ALL instances Neanderthals carry the ancestral forms at the respective SNP. So if Melanesians and Yoruba are black that makes Neanderthal and Denisovan black.
So based upon the data published in the report. Neanderthals and Denisovans are as black…brown….tawny ..tan as Yorubas…..Ha! Ha! Ha!
Now why isn’t this making big news. These ancient Homo carry the exact skin pigmentation profile as some Yorubas and Melanesia. See below. ..ignorance is truly bliss.
Predicting homo pigmentation phenotype through genomic data: From Neanderthal to James Watson - 12 MAR 2012
Predicting homo pigmentation phenotype through genomic data: From Neanderthal to James Watson - 12 MAR 2012
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ LOL This coming from the scientific illiterate who misinterprets every study he reads and now suggests that a hominid species that was perhaps the most cold adapted in history living in glacial Ice Age Europe was as black as tropical Melanesians.
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posted
When I read this. It peaked my curiousity I decided to investigate. What did they mean by
whereas genes involved in behavior and pigmentation have changed more on the modern human lineage.?
I soon found out Neanderthal were black.
What do you think Mary? Am I wrong and where? He! he!
====== Patterns of coding variation in the complete exomes of three Neandertals
Sergi Castellano et al.
We present the DNA sequence of 17,367 protein-coding genes in two Neandertals from Spain and Croatia and analyze them together with the genome sequence recently determined from a Neandertal from southern Siberia. Comparisons with present-day humans from Africa, Europe, and Asia reveal that genetic diversity among Neandertals was remarkably low, and that they carried a higher proportion of amino acid-changing (nonsynonymous) alleles inferred to alter protein structure or function than present-day humans. Thus, Neandertals across Eurasia had a smaller long-term effective population than present-day humans. We also identify amino acid substitutions in Neandertals and present-day humans that may underlie phenotypic differences between the two groups. We find that genes involved in skeletal morphology have changed more in the lineage leading to Neandertals than in the ancestral lineage common to archaic and modern humans, whereas genes involved in behavior and pigmentation have changed more on the modern human lineage.
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posted
Even Otzi Iceman was black. Am I wrong Mary?
Address this also, Ha! Ha! delusional liars.
Predicting homo pigmentation phenotype through genomic data: From neanderthal to James Watson -
and this
Notice Gokhem2 is deceptively labeled as "fairer" but his ratio is 6/11. Yes, he is lighter than the others thus fairer. But by modern statndards he is Black. He carried more ancestral SNPs for dark skin than light skin. The games these people play.
why don't you address that?[/quote]
Predicting homo pigmentation phenotype through genomic data: From neanderthal to James Watson -
posted
So the pigmentation is all wrong in these illustrations. What do you think Mary?
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posted
What about you Sweetness. You seem to be the only one that got game in this genetic stuff. May be you were being prompted by someone(s) else. But you show some knowledge.
Am I wrong on Neanderthal skin pigmentation. Mary the idiot drew the correlation between cold adaptation and skin color.
Can you explain to the fool where she is wrong. LOL!
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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posted
So Mary. Do you see the irony here? Was it in the Daily Mail where they echoed what I said?. White Africans replacing black Europeans in Europe. Wow!!!! The lies we have been told over the last 50years. And all the false images we have been bombarded with. See pics above.
Apparently AMH and all homonins have been black for close to 600,000years!!!! WOW!!!
There are still pieces to the puzzle to resolve. eg Did East Asians develop light skin before Europeans? We know the pigmentation profile is different. I came across a study that shows ancient Native Americans showing they had light skin.
Was it you Sweetness who challenged me on that n the past. You said Native Americans entered the Americas dark skin. I will post on it when I get the time..I need to work on that.
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quote:Originally posted by mena7: The victors write history. The white Europeans had conquered the world in the colonial era therefore they rewrote world history to make all the past civilizations white. According to white Europeans the Homo sapiens, the Ancient Egyptians, the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians, the Greeks, The Romans etc were white or half white people. George Orwell states the one who control the past will control the future. The Europeans are controlling the past with their fake world history.
I remember a Greek writer saying the people make the Gods to their images, for the Ethiopians the Gods are black, for the Scythians the God are white, for the Persians the god are brown. World history will always going to be bias because historians are going to glorify their race. I don't think we should have one world history, I think we should have many world history. We should have world history written by African/black people, European people, Indian people, Chinese people, Arab people, Latin American people etc. Those World history books don't have to agree with each other. each people are free to write their bias opinion and the readers will make sense of them. That's the way it was in the world before Western European world colonization. It doesn't make sense for the world and Africa to rely only on Europeans world history books because history is politic. The Hopi Indian states the one who tell the story will rule the world.
Awesome post.
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ The TRUTH always wins in the end. Sure so-called 'victors' may write their lies, but their lies only last for so long! Just look at what's going on in Western Academia today with regards to all the white-lies they've told about Africa and other cultures! The chickens have come home to roost. Now many white scholars are either trying to sweep their old rubbish under the carpet OR (the brave ones) confront all the wrongs their predecessors have written head on and rectify them.
True so, I was raised with the concept that even in a lie there is truth.
The truth will come out eventually.
What your post stated is basically:
quote: The great similarities between Taforalt and Hassi-el-Abiod men (malian Sahara)
In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIV° Série, tome 5 fascicule 4, 1988. pp. 247-256. TAFORALT MAN IN SAHARA : SAHARAN EXTENSION OF MAGHREBIAN
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posted
Stuutgart woman was one of the first Sahara migrants into Europe that carried derived alleles for light skin. But here is another puzzle, maybe Mary can help us out with this(sic). There are a few SNPs related to hair texture. Can someone dig that SNP up and compare it with Neanderthal’s. Did Neanderthal have stiraight hair or kinky hair. Are the images posted above correct in that respect. Come on Mary, I cannot do all the heavy lifting. Help us sort out what Neanderthal really looked like.
Any takers. Neanderthal enetire genome can be freely downloaded, I beleive as a BAM file. The BAM analysis kit can be freely downloaded. Anyone wants investigate the hair texture of Neanderthal. THE BAM Kit is a CPU hog. Takes about 5 hours to run. And my main machine is a quad core.
What about you Sweetness?
Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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quote:Originally posted by xyyman: What about you Sweetness. You seem to be the only one that got game in this genetic stuff. May be you were being prompted by someone(s) else. But you show some knowledge.
Am I wrong on Neanderthal skin pigmentation. Mary the idiot drew the correlation between cold adaptation and skin color.
Can you explain to the fool where she is wrong. LOL!
Brother, I would like to have this a respectable, educational and uplifting conversation. (Thread)
We all can have our differences, but let's address them with respect towards one another.
This is nothing personal, but for all participants.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Truthcentric: [qb] I have just downloaded this new limb proportion study onto my laptop at UCSD. If anyone's interested in taking a look, PM me your e-mail so I can send it to you.
To give you a preview of the findings, here's a dendrogram showing similarities in limb proportions between the populations measured:
Trenton Holliday 2013
Perhaps you can explain yourself further?
your thread opens with an Afalou reconstruction The chart indicates clustering affinity between Afalou and other groups as regards limb proportion
Posts: 42920 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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posted
As you wish I am out your thread. But you do know that was an idiotic statement that Mary made. Just like a novice. sold correlates to light skin. LOL!
Garvey – Du Bois , Lumumba – Seso Seku
Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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quote:Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Truthcentric: [qb] I have just downloaded this new limb proportion study onto my laptop at UCSD. If anyone's interested in taking a look, PM me your e-mail so I can send it to you.
To give you a preview of the findings, here's a dendrogram showing similarities in limb proportions between the populations measured:
Trenton Holliday 2013
Perhaps you can explain yourself further?
your thread opens with an Afalou reconstruction The chart indicates clustering affinity between Afalou and other groups as regards limb proportion
Yes, there is a somewhat cluster in limbs. Yet, sources say that in overall they cluster with other African populations.
Or are you telling me that they were Eskimo people?
Did you read my response?
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
xyyman, the gene for light skin in East Asians is called EDAR it is believed to be associated with population proximity to the equatorial UV intensity with additional moderation by diet Posts: 42920 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor:
Did you read my response? [/QB]
your response was not related to limb proportions or specific to the Afalou sites in Algeria
Posts: 42920 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor:
Did you read my response?
your response was not related to limb proportions or specific to the Afalou sites in Algeria [/QB]
Yes it was, but you are unfamiliar with the material. It spoke on climatology in the region.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by xyyman: As you wish I am out your thread. But you do know that was an idiotic statement that Mary made. Just like a novice. sold correlates to light skin. LOL!
Garvey – Du Bois , Lumumba – Seso Seku
I'm not saying leave the thread. What I'm saying is to bring your point across without name calling.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by xyyman: Mary the Hindu. Showing her mis-understanding of science.
LOL The only one who has a misunderstanding is YOU as usual with all your mangled misinterpretations of scientific papers! And no amount of ad-hominem attacks either calling me by a woman's name or accusing me of being a Hindu (which I take it is insulting to Hindus) will help you.
quote:Cold adapted equates tp light skin. HA! Ha! HA! Ha! She is truly a novice..
being adapted to higher latitudes with less sunlight which was the case with Ice Age Europe does indeed equate to lighter skin as an adaptation.
quote:This article was published on-line since March 2012. Over two years ago!!!. It is really surprising that it is not talked about more. Really surprising. With all the hoopla about Neanderthal admixture no one seemed to mention that Neanderthal and Denisovan were black skinned. Man, as I said this is really getting hilarious.
Please show actual evidence that these homonids were black.
quote:What do we have. The infamous white genes are SLC 45A2 and SLC24A5, along with MC1r and ASIP, TYP and Herc2 (eyes and skin) at the corresponding SNPs.
Light skin does NOT necessarily equate pale a.k.a. 'white' skin, dummy! There are many populations with relatively light i.e non-black skin that do NOT carry those alleles! LOL
Talk about misunderstanding. You don't even know!
quote:In ALL instances Neanderthals carry the ancestral forms at the respective SNP. So if Melanesians and Yoruba are black that makes Neanderthal and Denisovan black.
So based upon the data published in the report. Neanderthals and Denisovans are as black…brown….tawny ..tan as Yorubas…..Ha! Ha! Ha!
Now why isn’t this making big news. These ancient Homo carry the exact skin pigmentation profile as some Yorubas and Melanesia. See below. ..ignorance is truly bliss.
Predicting homo pigmentation phenotype through genomic data: From Neanderthal to James Watson - 12 MAR 2012
Predicting homo pigmentation phenotype through genomic data: From Neanderthal to James Watson - 12 MAR 2012
Read my last statement above. It's official. You are as deranged as you are ignorant of science. Swenet knows it and so does everyone else in this forum. Posts: 26239 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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The Negroid increment of which there is evidence in some of our Northern Neolithic Series, notably Kef-el-Agab 1 and Troglodytes 1, may have well come in the same way from the South to add to the already slightly Negroid Hamitic cast of the African Mediterraneans and of their partial derivative, the Mechta-Afalou Type.....
...Type B which fits, in all essential respects, the usual definition of the Mediterranean racial type, but sometimes shows also certain morphological peculiarities commonly known as "Boskopid," as well as Negroid features among females. Type B therefore was classified as African Mediterranean...It may have well acquired its "Boskopid" (Khoisan) traits on the road, near the headwaters of the Nile, and kidnapped a few Negro or heavily Negroid women on its way west before turning northward into Northwest Africa. The peculiar characteristics of such women could have been restricted largely to females, at least for a time, by artificial selection in the form of preferential mating.
Briggs, Stone Age Races of Northwest Africa, pgs 81,89.
A child burial was found at Taramsa-1 (c.55,000 BP): “The poorly preserved bones were those of a subadult ‘anatomically modern human’ similar in appearance to the Mechtoid populations of the north African Epipalaeolithic. The position of the body, as well as the depth of the pit in which it was found... suggest that the child had not died in this location but had been deliberately brought here to be buried” (Midant-Reynes 1992/2000 p.37).
factor 2 represents the **sub-Saharan/Caucasoid** contrast. The Caucasoid populations (Egypt, Norse, Cro-Magnon) score positively on factor 2, the sub-Saharan Teita score negatively. The modern Dogon (Southern Mali) samples are intermediate. The fossil Nubians score strongly negative, as does the Asselar skull (Central Mali). What is especially interesting is that Afalou also scores negatively, if only slightly; it occupies the same morphological position as do the modern Dogon.
C. O. Groves, A. Thorne. The Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene Populations of Northern Africa., Vol. Homo, No. 3. (1999), pp. 249-262
Mechta
Dogon
Recall the Tishkoff map showing the alleged 'Eurasian' influence in blue and look how much the Dogon have.
Posts: 26239 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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quote: factor 2 represents the **sub-Saharan/Caucasoid** contrast. The Caucasoid populations (Egypt, Norse, Cro-Magnon) score positively on factor 2, the sub-Saharan Teita score negatively. The modern Dogon (Southern Mali) samples are intermediate. The fossil Nubians score strongly negative, as does the Asselar skull (Central Mali). What is especially interesting is that Afalou also scores negatively, if only slightly; it occupies the same morphological position as do the modern Dogon.
So, how exactly is this interpreted, when they say caucasoid populations?
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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Here the Afalou cannot supposedly be considered as being either Negro or San, but according to Grove's factor analysis,... the Afalou specimens reported negatively on factor 2, **which is supposed to represent "Sub-Saharan/Caucasoid contrast"**, Lol. Presumably according to this factor analysis, those specimens that reported 'positively' on factor 2, were in the "caucasoid" camp, while those that reported 'negatively', were in the "sub-Saharan" camp. And so, it also follows, interestingly, that Groves' Dogon male specimen would qualify as a "caucasoid", even if supposedly to a relatively lesser degree than his Taforalt and Cro-Magnon specimens for example. Interestingly though, Groves preferred to refer to his Dogon and Afalou specimens as being "intermediate". But we all know about Grove's reactionary "racial" concepts, don't we.
Posts: 26239 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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quote:Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Truthcentric: I have just downloaded this new limb proportion study onto my laptop at UCSD. If anyone's interested in taking a look, PM me your e-mail so I can send it to you.
To give you a preview of the findings, here's a dendrogram showing similarities in limb proportions between the populations measured:
Trenton Holliday 2013
Perhaps you can explain yourself further?
quote: The great similarities between Taforalt and Hassi-el-Abiod men (malian Sahara)
In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIV° Série, tome 5 fascicule 4, 1988. pp. 247-256.
TAFORALT MAN IN SAHARA : SAHARAN EXTENSION OF MAGHREBIAN
quote: we suggest that there may have been a relationship, albeit a complex one, between climatic events and cave activity on the part of Iberomaurusian populations.
--A. Bouzouggar, et al.
Reevaluating the Age of the Iberomaurusian in Morocco
quote: Large-scale climate change forms the backdrop to the beginnings of food production in northeastern Africa (Kröpelin et al. 2008).[ Hunter-gatherer communities deserted most of the northern interior of the continent during the arid glacial maximum and took refuge along the North African coast, the Nile Valley, and the southern fringes of the Sahara (Barich and Garcea 2008; Garcea 2006; Kuper and Kröpelin 2006). During the subsequent Early Holocene African humid phase, from the mid-eleventh to the early ninth millennium cal BP, ceramic-using hunter-gatherers took advantage of more favorable savanna conditions to resettle much of northeastern Africa (Holl 2005; Kuper and Kröpelin 2006). Evidence of domestic animals first appeared in sites in the Western Desert of Egypt, the Khartoum region of the Nile, northern Niger, the Acacus Mountains of Libya, and Wadi Howar (Garcea 2004, 2006; Pöllath and Peters 2007; fig. 1).
--Fiona Marshall
Domestication Processes and Morphological Change Through the Lens of the Donkey and African Pastoralism Fiona Marshall and Lior Weissbrod
quote:Evidence from throughout the Sahara indicates that the region experienced a cool, dry and windy climate during the last glacial period, followed by a wetter climate with the onset of the current interglacial, with humid conditions being fully established by around 10,000 years BP, when we see the first evidence of a reoccupation of parts of the central Sahara by hunter gathers, most likely originating from sub-Saharan Africa (Cremaschi and Di Lernia, 1998; Goudie, 1992; Phillipson, 1993; Ritchie, 1994; Roberts, 1998).
[...]
Conical tumuli, platform burials and a V-type monument represent structures similar to those found in other Saharan regions and associated with human burials, appearing in sixth millennium BP onwards in northeast Niger and southwest Libya (Sivilli, 2002). In the latter area a shift in emphasis from faunal to human burials, complete by the early fifth millennium BP, has been interpreted by Di Lernia and Manzi (2002) as being associated with a changes in social organisation that occurred at a time of increasing aridity. While further research is required in order to place the funerary monuments of Western Sahara in their chronological context, we can postulate a similar process as a hypothesis to be tested, based on the high density of burial sites recorded in the 2002 survey. Fig. 2: Megaliths associated with tumulus burial (to right of frame), north of Tifariti (Fig. 1). A monument consisting of sixty five stelae was also of great interest; precise alignments north and east, a division of the area covered into separate units, and a deliberate scattering of quartzite inside the structure, are suggestive of an astronomical function associated with funerary rituals. Stelae are also associated with a number of burial sites, again suggesting dual funerary and astronomical functions (Figure 2). Further similarities with other Saharan regions are evident in the rock art recorded in the study area, although local stylistic developments are also apparent. Carvings of wild fauna at the site of Sluguilla resemble the Tazina style found in Algeria, Libya and Morocco (Pichler and Rodrigue, 2003), although examples of elephant and rhinoceros in a naturalistic style reminiscent of engravings from the central Sahara believed to date from the early Holocene are also present.
--Nick Brooks et al.
The prehistory of Western Sahara in a regional context: the archaeology of the "free zone"
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Saharan Studies Programme and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Coauthors: Di Lernia, Savino ((Department of Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche, e Antropologiche dell’Antichità, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Palestro 63, 00185 – Rome, Italy) and Drake, Nick (Department of Geography, King’s College, Strand, London WC2R 2LS).
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
Yeah the reconstruction are solely based on fairy tales. There wasn't even light skin or pale skin in the Neolithic, but there was in the freaking Paleolithic!???
The artists reconstruction just reeks of psuedo-science. C. Loring Brace 2006 states this.
quote:Many human craniofacial dimensions are largely of neutral adaptive significance, and an analysis of their variation can serve as an indication of the extent to which any given population is genetically related to or differs from any other. When 24 craniofacial measurements of a series of human populations are used to generate neighbor-joining dendrograms, it is no surprise that all modern European groups, ranging all of the way from Scandinavia to eastern Europe and throughout the Mediterranean to the Middle East, show that they are closely related to each other. The surprise is that the Neolithic peoples of Europe and their Bronze Age successors are not closely related to the modern inhabitants, although the prehistoric/modern ties are somewhat more apparent in southern Europe. It is a further surprise that the Epipalaeolithic Natufian of Israel from whom the Neolithic realm was assumed to arise has a clear link to Sub-Saharan Africa. Basques and Canary Islanders are clearly associated with modern Europeans. When canonical variates are plotted, neither sample ties in with Cro-Magnon as was once suggested. The data treated here support the idea that the Neolithic moved out of the Near East into the circum-Mediterranean areas and Europe by a process of demic diffusion but that subsequently the in situ residents of those areas, derived from the Late Pleistocene inhabitants, absorbed both the agricultural life way and the people who had brought it.
posted
^Thanks, but also mind you those Mechta-Afalou who inhabited Europe 40-30k years ago would have carried any lineages found in modern day Europeans. Modern day Europeans come from a totally different source.
Posts: 1891 | From: NY | Registered: Sep 2014
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WHAT BONES CAN TELL: BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE HUNTER-GATHERERS OF THE MAGHREB:[/qb] The extremely large skeletal samples that come from sites such as Taforalt (Fig. 8.13) and Afalou constitute an invaluable resource for understanding the makers of Iberomaurusian artifacts, and their number is unparalleled elsewhere in Africa for the early Holocene. Frequently termed Mechta-Afalou or Mechtoid, these were a skeletally robust people and definitely African in origin, though attempts, such as those of Ferembach (1985), to establish similarities with much older and rarer Aterian skeletal remains are tenuous given the immense temporal separation between the two (Close and Wendorf 1990). At the opposite end of the chronological spectrum, dental morphology does suggest connections with later Africans, including those responsible for the Capsian Industry (Irish 2000) and early mid-Holocene human remains from the western half of the Sahara (Dutour 1989), something that points to the Maghreb as one of the regions from which people recolonised the desert (MacDonald 1998).
Turning to what can be learned about cultural practices and disease, the individuals from Taforalt, the largest sample by far, display little evidence of trauma, though they do suggest a high incidence of infant mortality, with evidence for dental caries, arthritis, and rheumatism among other degenerative conditions. Interestingly, Taforalt also provides one of the oldest known instances of the practice of trepanation, the surgical removal of a portion of the cranium; the patient evidently survived for some time, as there are signs of bone regrowth in the affected area. Another form of body modification was much more widespread and, indeed, a distinctive feature of the Iberomaurusian skeletal sample as a whole. This was the practice of removing two or more of the upper incisors, usually around puberty and from both males and females, something that probably served as both a rite of passage and an ethnic marker (Close and Wendorf 1990), just as it does in parts of sub-Saharan Africa today (e.g., van Reenen 1987). Cranial and postcranial malformations are also apparent and may indicate pronounced endogamy at a much more localised level (Hadjouis 2002), perhaps supported by the degree of variability between different site samples noted by Irish (2000).
--Lawrence Barham The First Africans: African Archaeology from the Earliest Toolmakers to Most Recent Foragers (Cambridge World Archaeology)
posted
Daynes and their sloppy departures into science fiction on display again. Their bias just drips off their reconstructions. Even Coon said there was not a single narrow-nosed individual in the Afalou and Taforalt sample. And, of course, her white colleagues (those that have a clue about bioanthropology, anyway) will never call her and others out on it. When they make these reconstructions they have free rein to make it up as they go along. Seems to be an unspoken understanding that you can do what you want, as long as you don't make it too obvious. But it's apparently a taboo to say that white researchers are capable of doing this kind of thing, and that it seems to be a pattern. Because saying that would mean you believe in a "conspiracy".
quote:The lower level is represented by the skeleton of a single adult male, to whom we shall refer by his catalogue number, #28. Number 28 was a short man, about 161.5 cm. tall, equivalent in stature to Galley Hill, Combe Capelle, and the male negroid from Grimaldi. His skull differs greatly from the others taken from the upper level of the same site. It is ovoid in shape, hyperdolichocephalic, and low vaulted; it possesses a slop- ing forehead, a large U-shaped palate, and high orbits. It is only moder- ately massive, and is about equal in this respect to Combe Capelle. This skull is that of a generalized white type, and can be placed without much difficulty into the general class of Galley Hill and Combe Capelle. Like the latter, its nasal aperture is wide, its index chamaerrhine.
quote:The paired nasal bones unite at a sharp angle, without trace of flatten- ing, while the bridges are high and mostly convex. The nasal spine is strong and projects far forward. The nasal index, which lies just over the border of chamaerrhiny, 46 furnishes a real metrical difference between Afalou and Cr6-Magnon. The elevation of the index is due to a shorter height as well as to a greater width. Not one of the Afalou skulls is actually leptorrhine. This feature, combined with the sloping forehead and heavy browridges, serves to differentiate the types in the two continents.
Apparently the British have created more of these high profile reconstructions than Americans
Peștera cu Oase reconstruction by Richard Neave
________________________________________
Which Brits are you talking about, except for Richard Neave ?
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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UBBFriend: Email this page to someone!
![[Roll Eyes]](rolleyes.gif)
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Just as nutty as Xyman's black neanderthal is this reconstruction of a prehistoric African that looks like a contemporary European!![[Eek!]](eek.gif)
![[Smile]](smile.gif)
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