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Author Topic: The Plasticity of Prehistoric "Nubia" and Early Egypt.
Swenet
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correction

The entire E-M35 phylogenetic tree connects all individuals within Afrasan speaking groups

should be:

The entire E-M35 phylogenetic tree connects individuals within all Afrasan speaking groups

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Amun-Ra The Ultimate
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@Swenet You deliberately misquote me using ellipses and its Beyoku who pointed out to me that M293 was now defined. You weren't involve in that discussion. That's why I said you were delusional with the *I* thing. And I'm the one who pointed out to Beyoku (right in the next post) that South Africans M35 carriers received their M35/M293 from Datog Nilotic speakers carrying M35 and were the originator of the M293 due to them having highest frequencies and diversity of M35/M293.
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beyoku
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^ E-M293 is also found in Ethiopia as well. When the New data from that plaster et al paper undergoes full resolution it would be quite apparent of its spread.


Also you need to see its phylogeny as it relates to other E-m35 subclades that are found in Afro-asiatic speakers - E-Z830. It is a brother clade to more exclusive Horn specific and lineages associated with Afroasiatic speakers.

Looking at the assumed dates of E-m78 subclades you can get an idea of what could be some of the earliest divergences between The V22 and V12 lineages that are found in the more Homogenous Southern Sudanese, vs the recent V32 lineage that is found in high abundance in Western Sudanese and other Ethnic groups in Kenya.

 -

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Amun-Ra The Ultimate
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quote:
Originally posted by beyoku:
Borgu which have a significant amount of E-M35*

How do you know Borgu got the E-M35* paragroup?

From the Hassan study posted earlier , I can tell that Borgu (Nilotic) have a high amount of E-M215(xM78). That is M215 excluding the M78 mutation. Let's recall that E-M215 is parent to E-M35. They have 38% (10/26) of E-M215(xM78). But I can't tell what kind of E-M215 they have. Have they tested for known E-M35 descendant haplogroups and didn't found any? Is there another study?

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Amun-Ra The Ultimate
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quote:
Originally posted by beyoku:
^ E-M293 is also found in Ethiopia as well. When the New data from that plaster et al paper undergoes full resolution it would be quite apparent of its spread.

Well, let's wait and see. At the moment, Nilotic Datog seems to have the highest frequency and diversity of it (as far as I know of course).


quote:
Originally posted by beyoku:
Also you need to see its phylogeny as it relates to other E-m35 subclades that are found in Afro-asiatic speakers - E-Z830. It is a brother clade to more exclusive Horn specific and lineages associated with Afroasiatic speakers.

M35 did originate in Eastern Africa, among pre-nilotic but also pre-chadic and pre-Cushitic people, who were "unified"/interrelated and spoke one common language, so many groups there could have developed later on their own more recent mutations of M35. Nilo-Saharans but also other East Africans like Horn Africans for example. This doesn't contradict me. As I already said, M35 predates the dialectisation/creation of those languages.

quote:

Looking at the assumed dates of E-m78 subclades you can get an idea of what could be some of the earliest divergences between The V22 and V12 lineages that are found in the more Homogenous Southern Sudanese, vs the recent V32 lineage that is found in high abundance in Western Sudanese and other Ethnic groups in Kenya.

 -

Again, I don't see how this contradict me. Masalit still got some of the highest amount M78 in the world. If not the highest, the second highest (as far as I know of course, there's always new studies). They carry both V22 and V32 mutations (descendant of E-M78). BTW, the Hassan study in Sudan came after the Cruciani study so Cruciani didn't take it into account. So it's perfectly plausible for them having transmitted those haplogroup to other East Africans earlier or at the same time they transmitted their food producing and pottery making technology. The datation seems to in fact coincide with this. Not only do the highest frequency of M78 is an indication they could be originator of that haplogroup. The food producing/pottery making technology provide an archeological explanation for it (which Horn Africans were on the receiving end). Thus Horn Africans could be on the receiving hand of M78/V32 too. Which is something pretty common. That is being on the receiving end of food producing technology as well as geneflow (haplogroups). Because food producing technology provide some reproductive advantages which Nilotic had.

It's also worth noting the presence of a rare M78* paragroup member among the Masalit Nilotic speakers (Hassan). Again a small hint that they are indeed originator of the E-M78 haplogroup (along with possessing one the highest frequency of it).

People can also note that other Southern Sudanese Nilotic speakers like Dinka, Borgu, Nuer also possess the M78 mutation (among other mutations of course), again using the Hassan study . Same thing for Kenyan Nilotic speakers.

It's incredible all those different Nilotic groups which carries different kind of M35 descendant mutations over such wide different areas. This seems to point out that indeed, pre-Nilotic were part of the original carriers of M35 along with pre-Cushitic and pre-Chadic people. They also carried other haplogroups of course like A and B. At that time, they lived in the same region and spoke another common language. Many of them, were E-P2 descendants while others carried other haplogroups. Usually populations are composed of many different haplogroups lineages. They are not just all descendants from the same family (except from very basal/ancient haplogroups).

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Swenet
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quote:
Swenet You deliberately misquote me using ellipses
the presence of the E-M35* paragroup in South African !kung (....) A population close to the E-P2* who just got introduced the M35 mutation.
--Amun-Ra the ultimate (liar)

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Djehuti
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^ Out of curiosity, what does any of this have to do with the topic of plasticity and interrelation between 'Nubia' and early Egypt??
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Amun-Ra The Ultimate
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Let's recall the topic of this thread:

I would like to use this thread as a repository on:
-The interconnection and plasticity of "Nubia/Nubians" and "Ancient Egypt"....Particularly Ancient Southern Egypt.
-The plasticity on what/who is considered Nilo-Saharan vs that of Afro-Asiatic.
-The hypothesized distinct or overlapping territory of the two groups.
-The distinct or overlapping genetics of the two groups in terms of Ancient and Modern DNA.
-The Biohistorical affiliation of Ancient Saharans and their relations to these two (and other) groups.
-Cultural/Genetic influences of Saharans/Egytians/Sudanese on each other.

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beyoku
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quote:
Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate:
Let's recall the topic of this thread:

I would like to use this thread as a repository on:
-The interconnection and plasticity of "Nubia/Nubians" and "Ancient Egypt"....Particularly Ancient Southern Egypt.
-The plasticity on what/who is considered Nilo-Saharan vs that of Afro-Asiatic.
-The hypothesized distinct or overlapping territory of the two groups.
-The distinct or overlapping genetics of the two groups in terms of Ancient and Modern DNA.
-The Biohistorical affiliation of Ancient Saharans and their relations to these two (and other) groups.
-Cultural/Genetic influences of Saharans/Egytians/Sudanese on each other.

We could get back to that but first you are going to have to take some time out to differentiate the most likely aboriginal groups, and what lineages these group carried to know what is considered admixture upon what base.

This may help.

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

http://www.llmap.org/images/blench002/Blench002.jpg - Large Image, Note Caption.

http://www.llmap.org/maps/by-country/ken.html

IF you notice a common theme it is the presence of Nilo-Saharan people and technology mostly on the Nile and in the Sahara while Afro-asiatics are mostly associated with the Horn and Red Sea. Hypothesizing what lineages are associated with "Cushitics" please read the captoions on some of the images and try to figure out what "Cushitic" admixiture or "absorption" on by Nilo-Saharan and Bantu on the Nile or in Kenya would look like.

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BrandonP
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BUMP

Given the observation in post #2 that A-Group Nubians had a physical morphology distinct from that of other Nile Valley peoples, I wonder if they represent the proto-Afroasiatic element instead of the Nilo-Saharan one?

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Swenet
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quote:
Originally posted by Truthcentric:
BUMP

Given the observation in post #2 that A-Group Nubians had a physical morphology distinct from that of other Nile Valley peoples, I wonder if they represent the proto-Afroasiatic element instead of the Nilo-Saharan one?

I'm currently playing with the idea that the Jebel Sahaba population weren't Nilo-Saharan speakers either. I base this 1) on their age (aren't they too old and too far up North to represent off-shoots of the originally equatorial early Nilo-Saharan speakers?), 2) their seeming morphometric continuity with earlier Nile Valley skulls (e.g., Wadi-Kubbaniya and the Esna skulls) which seems to predate the Nilo-Saharan linguistic clade 3) their very obviously highly local backed bladelet industry and subsistence strategies 4) the fact that Nilotic people seem to already have been identified as the LSA Elmenteita populations who are much closer to the proposed Nilo-Saharan urheimhat than Lower Nile Valley populations are. What do you make of this?

Its very very likely that the A-group Nubians were genetically different from the earlier Jebel Sahaba populations (though not necessarily Afrasan speakers). The al-Kiday Nubian population is, skeletally speaking, a much better ancestral population for mid-holocene Nubians (A, C-group and later Nile Valley Nubians) than Jebel Sahabans. Unfortunately, not much is known about the biological affiliations of the al-Khiday population. Perhaps you're able to dig something up in your library?

quote:
Originally posted by Evergreen:
Population continuity after all? Potential late Pleistocene dental ancestors of Holocene Nubians have been found!
JOEL D. IRISH. Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK.
Since the mid-1960s, some anthropologists have posited biological continuity in late Pleistocene through recent Nubians. However, subsequent dental and skeletal research revealed that a broad range of Holocene samples, all of which share appreciable spatiotemporal phenetic homogeneity, differ significantly from those at the Late Paleolithic sites of Wadi Halfa and Jebel Sahaba. If the latter two Lower Nubian samples are representative of local peoples at that time, then post-Pleistocene discontinuity is implied.
Who, then, were the ancestors of Holocene Nubians? A preliminary comparison of dental nonmetric data in 15 late Pleistocene through early historic Nubian samples (n=795 individuals) with recently discovered remains from al Khiday in Upper Nubia may provide the answer. Dating to at least 9,000+ BP, the new sample (n=40) may be the first of Late Paleolithic age recovered in >40 years; however, until additional fieldwork and dating are conducted, the excavators prefer the more conservative term of "pre-Mesolithic."
Using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System to record traits and multivariate statistics to estimate pairwise affinities, it is evident that al Khiday is closely akin to most Holocene samples. It is widely divergent from Jebel Sahaba. As such, there does appear to be long-term biological continuity in the region after all – though with late Pleistocene Upper- instead of Lower Nubians. While it cannot be proven that the al Khiday people were directly related, they are, minimally, indicative of what such an ancestor would be like – assuming that phenetic affinities are indicators of genetic variation.
Thanks to Sandro Salvatori and Donatella Usai, Archaeological Mission at El Salha, Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente, and Tina Jakob, Durham University. Funding provided by the National Science Foundation (BNS-0104731), Wenner-Gren Foundation (#7557), National Geographic Society (#8116-06), and Institute for Bioarchaeology.


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BrandonP
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quote:
Originally posted by Swenet:
Its very very likely that the A-group Nubians were genetically different from the earlier Jebel Sahaba populations (though not necessarily Afrasan speakers). The al-Kiday Nubian population is, skeletally speaking, a much better ancestral population for mid-holocene Nubians (A, C-group and later Nile Valley Nubians) than Jebel Sahabans. Unfortunately, not much is known about the biological affiliations of the al-Khiday population. Perhaps you're able to dig something up in your library?

quote:
Originally posted by Evergreen:
Population continuity after all? Potential late Pleistocene dental ancestors of Holocene Nubians have been found!
JOEL D. IRISH. Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK.
Since the mid-1960s, some anthropologists have posited biological continuity in late Pleistocene through recent Nubians. However, subsequent dental and skeletal research revealed that a broad range of Holocene samples, all of which share appreciable spatiotemporal phenetic homogeneity, differ significantly from those at the Late Paleolithic sites of Wadi Halfa and Jebel Sahaba. If the latter two Lower Nubian samples are representative of local peoples at that time, then post-Pleistocene discontinuity is implied.
Who, then, were the ancestors of Holocene Nubians? A preliminary comparison of dental nonmetric data in 15 late Pleistocene through early historic Nubian samples (n=795 individuals) with recently discovered remains from al Khiday in Upper Nubia may provide the answer. Dating to at least 9,000+ BP, the new sample (n=40) may be the first of Late Paleolithic age recovered in >40 years; however, until additional fieldwork and dating are conducted, the excavators prefer the more conservative term of "pre-Mesolithic."
Using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System to record traits and multivariate statistics to estimate pairwise affinities, it is evident that al Khiday is closely akin to most Holocene samples. It is widely divergent from Jebel Sahaba. As such, there does appear to be long-term biological continuity in the region after all – though with late Pleistocene Upper- instead of Lower Nubians. While it cannot be proven that the al Khiday people were directly related, they are, minimally, indicative of what such an ancestor would be like – assuming that phenetic affinities are indicators of genetic variation.
Thanks to Sandro Salvatori and Donatella Usai, Archaeological Mission at El Salha, Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente, and Tina Jakob, Durham University. Funding provided by the National Science Foundation (BNS-0104731), Wenner-Gren Foundation (#7557), National Geographic Society (#8116-06), and Institute for Bioarchaeology.


Considering that the al Khiday site is located all the way down in Central Sudan near Khartoum, I'd say this attests to people from the south moving downriver. Beyoku may be onto something when he proposes northward movements of people from the Sudanic area into the Nile Valley.
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Swenet
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I'm not sure that I understand your post. The al Khiday site is already situated along the Nile, how can they ''move into the Nile Valley''? Do you define everything North of the 1st cataract as the ''Nile Valley''?
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BrandonP
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^ Sorry for bad wording, but I'm working with the idea that the Nile Valley as we tend to define it begins at the confluence of the White and Blue Niles near Khartoum.

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My art thread on ES

And my books thread

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Swenet
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Bump.

I want to get the debate going. Terminal
Pleistocene Nubians cannot be the ancestors of
later Nubians. The former cluster strongly with
modern Sub-Saharan Africans while the latter are
in their own category. Dental changes associated
with diet may alter tooth size and parts of the
cranio-facial skeleton involved with Masticatory
function, but there is no literary or common
sense support for the idea that this would also
alter non-metric dental traits.

 -

Source

Why do we see a dramatic drop of typical
Sub-Saharan dental traits like Bushman Canine and
an increase of dental traits that are atypical
for Sub-Saharan populations like Rocker Jaw?
The Central Sudanic al Khiday sample merely
pushes back the date that this suit of traits
appear in the archaeological record. Thanks to
these Mesolithic Central Sudanic people we know
that this suit of dental traits predates the
Neolithic, and are first attested in the early
Holocene.


quote:
Originally posted by Evergreen:
Population continuity after all? Potential late
Pleistocene dental ancestors of Holocene Nubians
have been found!

JOEL D. IRISH. Department of Anthropology,
University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK.
Since the mid-1960s, some anthropologists have
posited biological continuity in late Pleistocene
through recent Nubians. However, subsequent
dental and skeletal research revealed that a
broad range of Holocene samples, all of which
share appreciable spatiotemporal phenetic
homogeneity, differ significantly from those at
the Late Paleolithic sites of Wadi Halfa and
Jebel Sahaba. If the latter two Lower Nubian
samples are representative of local peoples at
that time, then post-Pleistocene discontinuity is
implied.

Who, then, were the ancestors of Holocene
Nubians? A preliminary comparison of dental
nonmetric data in 15 late Pleistocene through
early historic Nubian samples (n=795 individuals)
with recently discovered remains from al Khiday
in Upper Nubia may provide the answer. Dating to
at least 9,000+ BP, the new sample (n=40) may be
the first of Late Paleolithic age recovered in
>40 years; however, until additional fieldwork
and dating are conducted, the excavators prefer
the more conservative term of "pre-Mesolithic."

Using the Arizona State University Dental
Anthropology System to record traits and
multivariate statistics to estimate pairwise
affinities, it is evident that al Khiday is
closely akin to most Holocene samples. It is
widely divergent from Jebel Sahaba. As such,
there does appear to be long-term biological
continuity in the region after all – though with
late Pleistocene Upper- instead of Lower
Nubians.
While it cannot be proven that the
al Khiday people were directly related, they are,
minimally, indicative of what such an ancestor
would be like – assuming that phenetic affinities
are indicators of genetic variation.

Thanks to Sandro Salvatori and Donatella Usai,
Archaeological Mission at El Salha, Istituto
Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente, and Tina
Jakob, Durham University. Funding provided by the
National Science Foundation (BNS-0104731),
Wenner-Gren Foundation (#7557), National
Geographic Society (#8116-06), and Institute for
Bioarchaeology.


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Swenet
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^I anticipated you would phuch up this thread.
That's why I wrote in narrow columns.

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xyyman
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OK let's call them caucasoids....and?
quote:
Originally posted by white nubian:
Nubians were originally Caucasoid People, who became darker over time by mixing with some Black Africans. Their Genes and DNA tell us these facts!! We should not close our eyes to the truth, when doing so will always be a Coward's Way Out of Seeing The Writing On The Wall.!!!!!


quote:
Originally posted by white nubian:
George Zimmerman Will Be Found: "Not Guilty", by reason of "Sanity". Riots will occur and a few victims will be done in, but eventually the truth will defeat the hasty "rush to convict" crowds of "who cares about the truth, we just want justice "our way or no way"......and a little fame and attention.

White Nubian Wins Again!!!! [Big Grin] [Big Grin]

Thanks Stanley For Helping People Understand The Fake Science of Afrocentrism.

quote:
Originally posted by userman:
Stanley Crouch

The Afrocentric Hustle

Though their claims have little intellectual substance, advocates of Afrocentrism press their agenda by appealing to resentment and guilt. [Big Grin] [Big Grin]



Our democracy is founded in tragic optimism, an acceptance of human frailty that is not defeatist. Like the blues singer, our American job is to address the universal limitations of life and the foibles of human character while asserting a lyrical but unsentimental high-mindedness. Like the doctor, our democracy must face the unavoidable varieties of disease, decay, and death, yet maintain
commitment to birth, to health, to the infinite possibilities and freedoms that can result from successful research and experimentation.

It is, therefore, our democratic duty to cast a cold eye on the life of our policies. We have to weed out corruption whenever we encounter it and redeem ourselves from bad or naive policy, either by making fresh experiments or by returning to things that once worked but were set aside for new approaches that promised to do the job better. If we don’t accept these democratic duties, we will continue to allow intellectual con artists and quacks to raise their tents and hang their shingles on our campuses.

The emergence of Afrocentrism has revealed a continuing crisis in the intellectual assessment of race, history, and culture in our nation. It is another example of how quickly we will submit to visions that are at odds with the heroic imperative of uniting our society. Quite obviously, when it comes to skin tone and complaint, we remain ever gullible, willing to sponsor almost any set of conceptions that makes fresh accusations against our society. In that sense, Afrocentrism is also a commentary on the infinite career possibilities of our time. Just as almost anything can be sold as art, almost any idea capable of finding a constituency can make its way onto our campuses and into our discussions of policy.

In the interest of doing penance, we will accept a shaky system of thought if it makes use of the linguistic pressure points that allow us to experience the sadomasochistic rituals we accept in place of the hard study and responsible precision that should be brought to the continuing assessment of new claims and new ideas. Our desperate good will pushes us to pretend that these flagellation rituals have something to do with facing the facts about injustice in our country and in the history of the world. The refusal to accept the tragic fundamentals of human life has led to our bending before a politics of blame in which all evil can be traced to the devil’s address, which is, in some way, the address of the privileged and the successful. We have borrowed from the realm of therapy the idea that our parents are to blame for our problems, and projected it onto the larger society, absolving the so-called oppressed from responsibility for their actions. We don’t understand—as did the geniuses who shaped the Constitution—that we must always be so cynical about new ways of abusing power that we remain ever wary of intellectual and political pollution.

As a movement, Afrocentrism is another of the clever but essentially simple-minded hustles that have come about over the last 25 years, promoted by what was once called “the professional Negro”—a person whose “identity” and “struggle” constituted a commodity. James Baldwin was a master of the genre, as a writer, public speaker, and television guest, but he arrived before his brand of engagement by harangue was institutionalized. Now, as for most specious American ideas claiming to “get the story straight,” the best market for this commodity is our universities, where it sells like pancakes, buttered by the naive indignation of students and sweetened by gushes of pitying or self-pitying syrup.

Though at its core Afrocentrism has little intellectual substance, it has benefited from the overall decline of faith that has caused intellectuals to fumble the heroic demands of our time. The discontinuity of ideals and actions and the long list of atrocities committed in the name of God and country have convinced many Western intellectuals that the only sensible postures are those of the defeatist and the cynic. Like the tenured Marxist, the Afrocentrist will use the contradiction to define the whole; he or she asserts that Western civilization, for all its pretty ideas, is no more than the work of imperialists and racists who seek an invincible order of geopolitical domination, inextricably connected to profit and exploitation of white over black. The ideals of Western democracies that have struggled to push their policies closer to the universal humanism of the Enlightenment are scoffed at. Where the Marxist looks forward to a sentimental paradise of workers uber alles, the Afrocentrist speaks of a paradise lost and the possibility of a paradise regained—if only black people will rediscover the essentials of their African identity.

For all its pretensions to expanding our vision, the Afrocentrist movement is not propelled by a desire to bring about any significant enrichment of our American culture. What Afrocentrists almost always want is power—the power to be the final arbiter of historical truth, no matter how flimsy their case might be. Like most conspiracy theorists, Afrocentrists accept only their own sources of argument and “proof”; all else is defined as either willfully flawed or brought to debate solely to maintain a vision of history and ideas in which Europe is preeminent. Thus, the worst insult is that critics are “Eurocentric.” Further, when charged with shoddy scholarship, the Afrocentrist retorts that his purportedly revolutionary work uses means of research and assessment outside “European methodology.” However superficial that defense might seem, an important tradition in our country’s history makes it seem at least plausible at first glance. Americans have, from the sciences to the arts, as often as not had to invent the forms that allowed for the purest expressions of our political imagination, national sensibility, and multiethnic history. The Gettysburg
Address, the Second Inaugural of March 1865, the electric fight, the phonograph, the motion picture camera, the grammar of film, and the improvisational riches of jazz are the creations of homegrown geniuses such as Lincoln, Edison, Griffith, and Armstrong, who made it abundantly clear that the academy isn’t the only path to grand accomplishment.

Jazz is one of the most important examples of this. It is a perfectly democratic music that reached its peaks outside of “European methodology. “ It has both intuitive geniuses like Louis Armstrong and Billie Holiday and unarguable intellectuals like Duke Ellington and Dizzy Gillespie. Both were rejected by the academy once upon a twentieth-century time. Those with a simple explanation attribute it all to race, which can by no means be left out of the discussion. But we must remember that white jazz musicians were not embraced either, no matter how popular, and that most major aesthetic movements of this century were controversial worldwide. In short, the academic and critical resistance met by jazz musicians was also met by Picasso, Joyce, and Stravinsky.

Jazz musicians weren’t initially accepted in academic circles because, though they could hear harmonic structures perfectly, the intuitives didn’t use theoretical terminology. The intellectuals could, but it took both to make jazz. The intuitives and the intellectuals had one thing in common, however—the ability to achieve objective aesthetic logic. That is why the music grew with such speed and drew depth and breadth from every kind of talent.

So when Afrocentrists defend low-quality work with assertions about the limitations of “European methodology,” they arc drawing upon the American tradition of achievements in political thought, technology, cinema, and jazz that were developed outside the academy to defend themselves. They ignore, however, the objective quality of those achievements. As Gerald Early points out, Afrocentrists have bootlegged the deconstructionist idea that there is no such thing as objective value; a thing’s “value” is merely the reflection of a cultural consensus.

Afrocentrists also reject education as “Eurocentric indoctrination.” They maintain that Western history as written is an unrelenting cultural war that aims to justify and maintain the subjugation of African peoples, and, when literal subjugation is not the goal, to impose upon them a self-hating idolatry of all that is European or European-derived. Afrocentrism, then, presents itself as ethnic liberation, a circling of the wagons within the academy, a bringing down of Eurocentric authority by black intellectual rebellion.

At the same time, Afrocentrists—like those who promote other protest versions of study—want the respect given to traditional disciplines without having to measure up to the standards of traditional research. Though ever scoffing at the academy, they want the prestige and the benefits that come of being there. Thus, Afrocentrism is the career path of a purported radical who seeks tenure. Its proponents justify this on the grounds that the campaign is at least partially one of evangelizing black people about their African heritage. What better battlegrounds than the campuses of tenuring institutions?

A central tenet of Afrocentrism is that Egypt was black and that Greco-Roman civilization was the result of its influence. The foundation of Western civilization, therefore, is African. This is a relatively sophisticated version of Elijah Muhammad’s Yacub myth in which the white man is invented by a mad black scientist determined to destroy the world through an innately evil creature. Why this obsession with Egypt being African and black? Firstly, monuments. There is no significant African architecture capable of rivaling the grand wonders of the world, European or not. Secondly, Africa has no body of thought comparable to that upon which Western civilization has developed its morality, governmental structures, technology, economic systems, and its literary, dramatic, plastic, and musical arts. None of these facts bespeaks an innate black inferiority, but they were used to justify the barbaric treatment of subject peoples by colonial powers waging ruthless campaigns for chattel labor and natural resources.

In fact, the Afrocentrist argument is not with the Western tradition of inquiry, not with the democratic belief that greatness can arise from any point on the social spectrum, and not with the ideas of the Enlightenment that led to the abolition of slavery. Afrocentrism is a debate with the colonial vision of non-Europeans as inferior that has long been under attack from within Western democracies themselves. The Afrocentrist arguments, which are rooted in nationalism, pluralism, and cultural relativity, have their origins in the Western tradition of critical discourse. Afrocentrism is absolutely Western, despite the name changes and African costumes of its advocates.

Afrocentrism benefits from the obsession with “authenticity” of this mongrel nation of ours. More than a few of us yearn for an aristocratic pedigree. If family won’t do, then we might snatch the unwieldy crown of race to distinguish ourselves. This has been the appeal of both the Ku Klux Man and the Nation of Islam. Membership allows one to rise from the bottom and suddenly become part of an elite. Poor “white trash” become “real” white men when performing violent acts in defense of “white civilization.” Negro criminals, embracing a distorted version of Islam, come to understand that the white man is “the devil” and that the black race is the original parent of humankind. College students swallow Afrocentrism and conclude that all their problems are the result of not possessing an “African-centered” worldview.

These are also responses to humiliation. That humiliation is the source of the hysteria that gives such a terrible aspect to the desire to be done with all niceties, to utterly destroy the structure that has engendered the feeling of inferiority or of helplessly being had from the first encounter up to the present. Such response is an expression of having taken the insults of the opposition too seriously, a retreat from engagement, a dismissal of complexity in favor of the home team, a racial isolationist policy.

To justify the myopic vision that emerges requires a list of atrocities—real, exaggerated, and invented. The great tragedies of the white South were the loss of the Civil War and the humiliations of Reconstruction; for the black nationalist, the great tragedies were slavery, the colonial exploitation of Africa, and the European denial of the moral superiority of African culture and civilization, beginning with Egypt.

Our list of grievances may be specific to our particular ethnic or regional history, but the ideas that lie beneath our response evolved from the conflicts between the French and the Germans following the Thirty Years War. When Frederick the Great invited the French into Germany in the eighteenth century, French culture was the most admired in Europe, while Germany had contributed very little to the Renaissance. In today’s terminology, Germany was “underdeveloped.” Eventually, a whole school of rebellious German thought came into being, attacking the French worship of reason and the idea that there was one cultural standard by which all good, mediocrity, and baseness could be judged. When Isaiah Berlin describes outraged German thinking in The Crooked Timber of Humanity, he could be speaking as easily of Afrocentrism and the cultural relativism that has been absorbed by Western society in general from the discipline of anthropology:

The sages of Paris reduce both knowledge and life to systems of contrived rules, the pursuit of external goods, for which men prostitute themselves, and sell their inner freedom, their authenticity; men, Germans, should seek to be themselves, instead of imitating—aping—strangers who have no connection with their own real natures and memories and ways of life. A man’s powers of creation can only be exercised fully on his own native heath, living among men who are akin to him, physically and spiritually, those who speak his language, amongst whom he feels at home, with whom he feels that he belongs. Only so can true cultures be generated, each unique, each making its own peculiar contribution to human civilization, each pursuing its own values its own way, not to be submerged in some general cosmopolitan ocean which robs all native cultures of their particular substance and colour, of their national spirit and genius, which can only flourish on its own soil, from its own roots, stretching back into a common past.

Afrocentrism’s success is due to the fact that it reiterates those arguments, which have become central to the Western cultural debate. But we fail ourselves if we give in to the idea that because all human communities have equal access to greatness all cultures are equal. They are not, and the ignorance, squalor, and disease of the Third World make that quite obvious, just as the rise of the Third Reich and the recent slide into overt tribalism in Eastern Europe prove that no ideas or traditions make us forever invincible to the barbarian call of the wild. Yet if there were not something intrinsically superior about the way in which the West has gathered and ordered knowledge, other cultures wouldn’t so easily fall under the sway of what André Malraux called “The Temptation of the West.” The West has put together the largest and richest repository of human culture, primarily because the vision of universal humanism and the tradition of scientific inquiry have led to the most impressive investigations into human life and the natural world. It is Western curiosity and the conscience of democracy that have made so many inroads against barbarism within and without.

This is obvious to Afrocentrists, but it is not in their career interests to look with equal critical vision at the West and the rest of the world; it would make things less reducible to soap opera politics, to the maudlin elevation of simplistic good and evil. Then the real question of bringing together one’s ethnic heritage with one’s human heritage would need to be addressed. It wouldn’t be so easy to manipulate the emotions of administrators and insecure students. Embracing a circumscribed ethnic identity wouldn’t be seen as a form of therapy, a born-again experience enabling one to cease being an American shackled by feelings of inferiority and to become a confident, wise African.

The Afrocentrist goal is quite similar to that of the white South in the wake of Reconstruction. Having lost the shooting war, white racists won the policy war, establishing a segregated society in which racial interests took precedence over the national vision of democratic rights. The result was nearly a century of struggle before the Constitution—through blood, thunder, and jurisprudence—took its rightful place as the law of the land, with no states’ rights arguments accepted. Knowingly or not, the Afrocentrist responds to the fact that black nationalists and their “revolutionary” counterparts lost the struggle for the black community in the Sixties. In the wake of submission at a latter-day Appomattox—the dissolution of black nationalism and groups like the Black Panthers—the Afrocentrist wishes to replicate the success of white segregationists. Like the segregationist, the Afrocentrist wants to benefit from the power and prosperity of the country while holding at arm’s length anything incompatible with a vision of race as a social absolute. The Afrocentrist is waging a policy war through a curriculum that preaches perpetual alienation of black and white, no matter how far removed from the truth it may be. By attempting to win the souls of black college students and to fundamentally influence what is taught to black children in public schools, the Afrocentrist seeks a large enough constituency to bring about what white segregationists once promised—a society that is “separate but equal.”

Yet the central failure of Afrocentrism is that it doesn’t recognize what Afro-Americans have done, which is to realize over and over, and often against imposing obstacles, the possibilities inherent in democratic society. Lincoln recognized this when he told his secretary that, given his point of social origin, Frederick Douglass was probably the most meritorious man in the entire United States. Originating in tribes whose levels of sophistication were laughable compared to the best of Europe, black Americans have risen to the top of every profession in our society—as scientists, educators, aviators, politicians, artists, lawyers, judges, athletes, military leaders, and so on.

This achievement was hard-won. At its root was a cultural phenomenon. Instead of expressing their submission to white people by embracing Christianity, as black nationalists always claim, Afro-Americans recognized the extraordinary insights into human frailty that run throughout the Old Testament, and the fact that the New Testament contains perhaps the greatest blues line of all time—”Father, why hast thou forsaken me?” In essence, the harsh insights of the Bible were perfectly compatible with the cold-eyed affirmation of the blues, and from those spiritual and secular foundations an indelibly American sensibility evolved, one perfectly suited to the demands of this society. The result is an incredibly long line of achievements that predate the narrow black nationalism that would segregate the world and its culture into the Eurocentric or Afrocentric, and which are the very best arguments against all forms of prejudice.

We all deny that tradition of hard-won achievement whenever our conciliatory cowardice gets the best of us and we treat black people like spoiled children who shouldn’t be asked to meet the standards that the best of all Americans have met. When the records need to be set straight, set them straight. When there is new information that will enrich our understanding of human grandeur and human folly, make that information part of the ongoing dialogue that has shaped Western civilization’s conscience and will. But we can never forget that our fate as Americans is, finally, collective, and that we fail our mission as a democratic nation whenever we remake the rules or distort the truth in the interest of satisfying a constituency unwilling to assert the tragic optimism so intrinsic to the blues and to the Constitution.

[/

[/qb][/QUOTE]
quote:
Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
quote:
Originally posted by Toilet Patty:
[QUOTE]Originally posted by Toilet Patty:
[qb]


http://imalqata.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/aiii-mccm-2009-1-5-1-bwfront-view_0000-2.jpg



[/qb


[ 23. April 2015, 03:53 PM: Message edited by: ausar ]

Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
Djehuti
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^^ Another reason why you are so obtuse, Xyz. Let's NOT call them "caucasoid" because there is NO SUCH THING!
Racial groupings are not scientifically valid for the very reason that it is totally subjective and specious and not based on objective parameters.
This was already explained in Tukulor's thread stickied to the top of this forum section called Why we don't play the caucasus and other -oid games.
But apparently the "we" in Tukulor's title excludes YOU.
That Euronuts continue to play the silly debunked game is their problem.
For them to try to engage us in the game is only a minor problem or rather nuisance we can easily debunk.
But for you to join them and play their game means you haven't risen above the nonsense and are still share in their narrow mindedness little intellect.
quote:
Originally posted by white nobody:

Nubians were originally Caucasoid People, who became darker over time by mixing with some Black Africans.
Their Genes and DNA tell us these facts!!
We should not close our eyes to the truth, when doing so will always be a Coward's Way Out of Seeing The Writing On The Wall.!!!!!

Well considering that racial groups like "caucasoid" don't exist, pray tell which genes and DNA are you referring to?! LMAO [Big Grin]
Indeed we should not close our eyes to the truth!
So please point out what evidence you are talking about!
I certainly hope you aren't referring to the sources cited by Swenet (originally Evergreen) since they say NOTHING about "Caucasoids" or even genetics.
Plus, the skeletal remains are still very much tropically adapted and were found to the SOUTH in central Sudan,
meaning they were still BLACK and African and were not "mixed" and have nothing to with non-African immigrants at least from the evidence thus far!
So perhaps you should take your own advise and see the "writings on the wall" i.e. scientific evidence,
and stop running from it like the coward you are! [Big Grin]

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Djehuti
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Hey Swenet, it's funny that you cited that info on early Nubians in regards to their relationship to Nilo-Saharans
as well as the relationships between them i.e. late Pleistocene vs. Holocene,
because I've been meaning to create a thread on the topic of 'Pre-Nilotic' peoples in the Nile Valley.
Of course I'm waiting for a more opportune time in which I don't have to worry about Euronut trolls screwing up my thread. [Embarrassed]

Posts: 26413 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
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quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:
^^ Another reason why you are so obtuse, Xyz. Let's NOT call them "caucasoid" because there is NO SUCH THING!
Racial groupings are not scientifically valid for the very reason that it is totally subjective and specious and not based on objective parameters.
This was already explained in Tukulor's thread stickied to the top of this forum section called Why we don't play the caucasus and other -oid games.
But apparently the "we" in Tukulor's title excludes YOU.
That Euronuts continue to play the silly debunked game is their problem.
For them to try to engage us in the game is only a minor problem or rather nuisance we can easily debunk.
But for you to join them and play their game means you haven't risen above the nonsense and are still share in their narrow mindedness little intellect.
quote:
Originally posted by white nobody:

Nubians were originally Caucasoid People, who became darker over time by mixing with some Black Africans.
Their Genes and DNA tell us these facts!!
We should not close our eyes to the truth, when doing so will always be a Coward's Way Out of Seeing The Writing On The Wall.!!!!!

Well considering that racial groups like "caucasoid" don't exist, pray tell which genes and DNA are you referring to?! LMAO [Big Grin]
Indeed we should not close our eyes to the truth!
So please point out what evidence you are talking about!
I certainly hope you aren't referring to the sources cited by Swenet (originally Evergreen) since they say NOTHING about "Caucasoids" or even genetics.
Plus, the skeletal remains are still very much tropically adapted and were found to the SOUTH in central Sudan,
meaning they were still BLACK and African and were not "mixed" and have nothing to with non-African immigrants at least from the evidence thus far!
So perhaps you should take your own advise and see the "writings on the wall" i.e. scientific evidence,
and stop running from it like the coward you are! [Big Grin]

[Big Grin] as usually the "delusional white nobody" will insert something but without giving any solid peer reviewed references.

Now, the claim/ argument is Nubians (Southern Egyptians) were originally white/ caucasoids? [Big Grin]

But finally white nobody exposes it's cling on, so there we have it.


However the facts speak different, and we should not close our eyes for these facts:


quote:

Northern Egypt near the Mediterranean shows the same pattern- limb length data puts its peoples closer to tropically adapted Africans that cold climate Europeans

"[...]sample populations available from northern Egypt from before the 1st Dynasty (Merimda, Maadi and Wadi Digla) turn out to be significantly different from sample populations from early Palestine and Byblos, suggesting a lack of common ancestors over a long time. If there was a south-north cline variation along the Nile valley it did not, from this limited evidence, continue smoothly on into southern Palestine.

The limb-length proportions of males from the Egyptian sites group them with Africans rather than with Europeans."

--Barry Kemp, "Ancient Egypt Anatomy of a Civilisation. (2005) Routledge. p. 52-60


quote:
"When the Elephantine results were added to a broader pooling of the physical characteristics drawn from a wide geographic region which includes Africa, the Mediterranean and the Near East quite strong affinities emerge between Elephantine and populations from Nubia, supporting a strong south-north cline."
--Barry Kemp. (2006) Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. p. 54


quote:



Morphological variation of the skeletal remains of ancient Nubia has been traditionally explained as a product of multiple migrations into the Nile Valley. In contrast, various researchers have noted a continuity in craniofacial variation from Mesolithic through Neolithic times.

This apparent continuity could be explained by in situ cultural evolution producing shifts in selective pressures which may act on teeth, the facial complex, and the cranial vault.


A series of 13 Mesolithic skulls from Wadi Halfa, Sudan, are compared to Nubian Neolithic remains by means of extended canonical analysis. Results support recent research which suggests consistent trends of facial reduction and cranial vault expansion from Mesolithic through Neolithic times.

--Meredith F. Small* et al.
The nubian mesolithic: A consideration of the Wadi Halfa remains


l-Barga reveals one of the most important necropoleis of the early Holocene in Africa.

This site was discovered in 2001 during a survey concentrating on the zones bordering the alluvial plain. The name el-Barga is borrowed from a nearby mountain. The site is located on an elevation formed by an outcrop of bedrock (Nubian sandstone) less than 15 km from the Nile, as the crow flies. It includes a settlement area dated to circa 7500 B.C. and cemeteries belonging to two distinct periods.

The habitation is a circular hut slightly less than five metres in diameter, its maximum depth exceeding 50 centimetres. This semi-subterranean structure contained a wealth of artefacts resulting from the site’s occupation (ceramics, grinding tools, flint objects, ostrich eggshell beads, a mother-of-pearl pendant, bone tools, faunal remains, shells). The abundance of artefacts discovered suggests a marked inclination towards a sedentary lifestyle, even though certain activities (fishing and hunting) necessitate seasonal migration.

North of this habitation, about forty burials were dated to the Epipalaeolithic (7700-7000 B.C.) and generally do not contain any furnishings. On the other hand, the Neolithic cemetery (6000-5500 B.C.) located further south comprises about a hundred burials often containing artefacts (adornment, ceramics, flint or bone objects).



 -  -


For further information, read the publications by Ph.D. M. Honegger.

Besides all this info, Southern Egyptians / Nubians are a endogamous people and always have been, it's really really hard for a white person to marry a Nubian. Its unthinkable and unheard of. Even for Northern Egyptians its already hard. So, it's mere wishful thinking by the delusional one: "white nobody".

Posts: 22249 | From: Omni | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
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quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:
Hey Swenet, it's funny that you cited that info on early Nubians in regards to their relationship to Nilo-Saharans
as well as the relationships between them i.e. late Pleistocene vs. Holocene,
because I've been meaning to create a thread on the topic of 'Pre-Nilotic' peoples in the Nile Valley.
Of course I'm waiting for a more opportune time in which I don't have to worry about Euronut trolls screwing up my thread. [Embarrassed]

Be patience, it will pay off well.
Posts: 22249 | From: Omni | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
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To analyze the argument by delusional " white nobody".


In order to claim Egypt, the delusional one needs to claim Nubians (Southern Egyptians) as well, now. [Smile]

But everything has been exposed already.

quote:
"African peoples are the most diverse in the world whether analyzed by DNA or skeletal or cranial methods. The peoples of the Nile Valley vary but they are still related. The people most related ethnically to the ancient Egyptians are other Africans like Nubians not cold-climate/light skinned Europeans or Asiatics.
(Keita 1996; Rethelford, 2001; Bianchi 2004, Yurco 1989; Godde 2009)
Posts: 22249 | From: Omni | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
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Is posting this image by Amenhotep III going to refute any of the data we've posted?


If anything, it only supports it. [Smile]


But even this you can't understand.SMH

Posts: 22249 | From: Omni | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
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