quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: AND, turned WHITE due to EXTREME vitamin D deficiencies that has NEVER been duplicated ANYWHERE else in any region of the world, EXCEPT EVERY Culture that has, Albinism.
Turned white so to able to produce vitamin D through synthesis of UV, in lower UV environments.
5 out every 100k in Europe are albinos.
Yet you say they are all albinos, go figure....
The highest cases of albinism are in Africa, 20 out of every 100k are albinos in Nigeria.
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: AND, turned WHITE due to EXTREME vitamin D deficiencies that has NEVER been duplicated ANYWHERE else in any region of the world, EXCEPT EVERY Culture that has, Albinism.
Turned white so to able to produce vitamin D through synthesis of UV, in lower UV environments.
AND, in the process, burns up BEFORE they can synthesis (like every other culture in the world) any quantities due their having no protection to the required long (hours) of exposure to the Sun's rays. Therefore EVERY available food stuff must be CRAMMED full of Vitamin D to compensate for a seriously flawed genetic mutation, Albinism. At this point, the VAST majority being, Subclinical.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:AND, in the process, burns up BEFORE they can synthesis any quantities due their having no protection to long (hours) of exposure to the Sun's rays.
Tell me how they were burning up in lower UV environments, lower UV environments which caused them to turn white?? Because there was not enough sun...
quote:Therefore EVERY available food stuff must be CRAMMED full of Vitamin D to compensate for a seriously flawed genetic mutation, Albinism.
Meanwhile.....
Please tell me why African Americans suffer from high levels of Vitamin D deficiency?
African Americans and other dark-skinned people, and anyone living in northern latitudes, make far less Vitamin D than some other groups. Why?
Why aren't whites the highest cases of Vitamin D deficient patients in America?
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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Even with today's more dense atmosphere Europeans continue to burn in the sun. Skin cancer and melanoma cases among Europeans and white worldwide are INCREASING at a fantastic rate of 3% per year.
The only other human past or present, who possess a comparable lack of protection from UVB is, the Albino. This is not a bad thing like, evil. It is merely a medical condition so stop attempting to associate negatives to the condition. Rather, it is merely yet another untold story of, African history.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote: Even with today's more dense atmosphere Europeans continue to burn in the sun. Skin cancer and melanoma cases among Europeans and white worldwide are INCREASING at a fantastic rate of 3% per year.
Ok???? But this is not an answer to my question, which is....
Tell me how they were burning up in lower UV environments, lower UV environments which caused them to turn white?? Because there was not enough sun...
and....
What does this have to do with Europeans being Albinos from Africa?
and....
Name one scientist that agrees with your theory of whites not being from Europe based on skin cancer levels?
quote:The only other human past or present, who possess a comparable lack of protection from UVB is, the Albino.
Yes comparable, but not quite like it, and albinism is a rare disorder where only 5 out 100,000 Europeans have it.
quote:This is not a bad thing like, evil. It is merely a medical condition so stop attempting to associate negatives to the condition.
It's not a bad thing, but it's wrong when you make an erroneous connection based on false assumptions.
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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The premise is valid. I've only repeated what many of the OCA researchers above have suggested.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: The premise is valid. I've only repeated what many of the OCA researchers above have suggested.
You repeat what they're saying, but you yourself don't understand it. The medical journals you are citing are talking about different cases of albinism in different populations.
Nowhere in the journals does it suggest or say all Europeans are albinos or they had to be albinos that migrated from Africa, these are your points and correlations, which you have to prove, but have failed so far.
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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Fair enough. I also think you don't understand enough about about the human body and human nature to believe Africans in Europe turned white because they foolishly threw their fish back in the oceans in exchange for a bowl of rice. Last I heard, Fish and Rice made for a very tasty and nutritional meal. LMAO!!
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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Their diet did not only consist of fish, they were hunter gatherers who also hunted animals and ate red meats, for their food etc...
This brings me back to the question that you failed to answer....
Tell me why people would want to go through the hassle to continue hunting and fishing for their foods, when they were able to grow it, and domesticate the animals instead of hunting them?
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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^ Of course. NON of the sources he cites say European paleness or 'whitness' is the result of albinism, that is his (Minibrainer's) own claims!
Albinism results in little to no melanin production in both skin and hair.
Fact: Most whites have heavy melanin production for their hair-- dark colored hair.
Albinism itself is a recessive trait i.e. it is extremely rare.
Fact: European whiteness is NOT recessive as their genes for pale skin is automatically passed on to offspring and of course Europeans by and large are white. Even mixing between a white person and a black person ends up producing offspring lighter than the black parent!
Yet the minibrainer keeps repeating the same silly lies. Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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Note, unlike white/albinos, the pictures posted are of people of color (Obama, the girl is more make-up then skin melanin) who have INTACT melanin production and immunization facilities operating above albino levels and below that of Africans. Not to say, that if tested, they wouldn't show traces of their albino legacies. Particularly, photo #1 who obviously has a family admixed history.
This helps explain how Albinos mixing with Natives and Africans became, white, or as you cats label it, the white race.
Indeed, no man throws away his beautiful and tasty fish, for a diet of rice.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: Note, unlike white/albinos, the pictures posted are of people of color who have INTACT melanin production and immunization facilities operating above albino levels and below that of Africans. Not to say, that if tested, they wouldn't show traces of their albino legacies.
This helps explain how Albinos mixing with Natives and Africans became, white, or as you cats label it, the white race.
Indeed, no man throws away his beautiful and tasty fish, for a diet of rice.
This bears no credence for your theory...
What haplotypes did these albinos bring into Europe? What part of Africa did these albinos come from?
What natives are you talking about? Where did they come from? What haplotypes did they carry?
What African Europeans are you talking about? What lineages did they carry? What part of Africa did they come from?
Who through away a diet of fish, for rice?
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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If you understood anything, you should comprehend Albinism isn't restricted to any one haplotype. Albinism exists in all cultures.
You clearly stated early Europeans (Africans), particularly those residing in coastal areas simply stopped consuming fish and Goat's milk once they were superseded by the introduction of agriculture. This lead to extreme Vitamin D deficiencies. This lead to Europeans responding adaptively and mutating a superior "white" gene responsible for creating the white race. This IS what you said, right 4 eyes?
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:If you understood anything, you should comprehend Albinism isn't restricted to any one haplotype. Albinism exists in all cultures.
Yes, but if you understand the question, I said what haplotypes did these albinos carry into Europe with them? It should be readily available and widespread as a post OOA African lineage in Europeans.
So which is it?
quote: You clearly stated early Europeans (Africans), particularly those residing in coastal areas simply stopped consuming fish and Goat's milk once they were superseded by the introduction of agriculture.
Wrong I never said this. Early Europeans ate Fish, meat from many animals that they hunted. Where do you keep on coming up with goats milk?
Europeans had no domestication of any animals until the Neolithic when agriculture was spread into Europe.
quote: This lead to Europeans responding adaptively and mutating a superior "white" gene responsible for creating the white race. This IS what you said, right 4 eyes?
Why are you so dumb? This brings us back to when I said you have to rely on distortions and lies, or plain act like you don't understand to keep your theory going.
The test found two variants in the same gene(slc24a5) found in all populations tested that differed by just one amino acid, in Europeans.
quote: A team led by geneticist Keith Cheng of Pennsylvania State University(PSU) College of Medicine in Hersey found two variants in the same gene(slc24a5) that differed by just one amino acid. Nearly all Africans and East Asians had one allele, whereas 98% of the 120 Europeans had the other.
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: Note, unlike white/albinos, the pictures posted are of people of color who have INTACT melanin production and immunization facilities. Not to say, that if tested, they wouldn't show traces of their albino legacies.
Correction. Many whites of Europe also have their ability to produce melanin intact which why they can tan! The pictures above merely prove that 'whites' are NOT albinos because albinism is a recessive trait! Do you know what a recessive trait is?? It is a trait that is rare, and one either has the trait or not! The chances of an albino having albino children are slim because the gene is recessive and so most of his children will end up normal. Of course the odds increase if his or her mate is also albino.
In the case of Berry and and Obama, one parent was black but the other was white. They inherited their whiteness as well as their blackness from both parents equally which is why they are darker than their white parents but lighter than their black parents. Thus European whiteness is NOT albinism nor even a recessive trait at all, you moron!
quote:This helps explain how Albinos mixing with Natives and Africans became, white, or as you cats label it, the white race.
So which is it? Europeans were always white because their ancestors from Africa were albinos or they became white through albinos mixing with some 'natives'?!! LMAO
quote:Indeed, no man throws away his beautiful and tasty fish, for a diet of rice.
But in your case you threw out both your scientific comprehension as well as logic the way one throws out both food and water.
Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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^ LMAO Knowledge, you waste your time arguing with Minibrainer! He claims to be an elementary school student but even the 1st graders I tutor can comprehend the difference between a recessive trait like albinism and a non-recessive trait like European whiteness!
If he is an elementary school student, he must he having a difficult time in school, and I doubt any type of tutoring can help him! Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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From the eyes, to the skin, to the nuts, to the mutts.
Two studies from an unusual research partnership at the University of Chicago appear to have resolved a long-standing dispute about the role of melanin in the eye. The studies, one published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and one early online in the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS), also suggest a new way to prevent a common cause of blindness.
Chemist James Norris, PhD, and retina surgeon Kourous Rezai, MD, combined resources to show that melanin, a pigment found throughout the human body, acts like a neutralizing sponge inside cells in the retina to soak up and destroy reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species, or free radicals, energized by light, are thought to play a major role in macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 60.
"We now have the first persuasive evidence that melanin plays an important protective role within the eye," said Norris, professor in the Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics at the University of Chicago and one of the senior authors of both papers. "Although melanin contains its own intrinsic free radical, we found that it absorbs a far more damaging form of free radical, converting its destructive energy into harmless heat before it can hurt the retina."
An estimated 1.75 million Americans have decreased vision from age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with about 200,000 new cases each year. The incidence of AMD is expected to double within the next 25 years as the number of older persons continues to increase. The disorder is far more prevalent among whites than among black persons.
It causes gradual loss of central vision by damaging the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that lie underneath the macula, the small region of the retina responsible for fine detail at the center of the field of vision. Without RPE cells, the photoreceptors, which are the light detectors, also die. Patients lose the ability to see detail, and soon they can't read.
"This is a devastating disease," said Rezai, director of the vitreoretinal service at the University of Chicago. "We do not have a cure for this disease. We can only treat the secondary complications, such as growth of abnormal blood vessels."
"Since we don't know how to replace or repair the dead or damaged retinal cells," he said, " we need to find ways to protect them."
Because people stop producing new RPE cells after birth, these cells have to last a lifetime. They live, however, in a toxic environment. Oxygen concentrations at the back of the eye are very high. At the same time the eye is constantly bombarded with light energy, which interacts with oxygen and can lead to the production of harmful free radicals--which can damage cell membranes and DNA. "It's amazing," noted Norris, "that the eye lasts as long as it does."
"To prevent the damage," Rezai said, "we need to understand exactly how it happens." He grows human RPE cells in culture in his lab, but "until now, we have had no direct way to measure the production of most dangerous free radicals. They are too small and too fast."
Norris studies photosynthesis, in which energy from sunlight is converted into electrochemical energy, a process with many parallels to vision. To study the early steps, he uses a tool called electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). EPR is similar to magnetic resonance imaging except that it measures the spin of electrons rather than of protons.
Because photochemical reactions happen extremely fast, the Norris laboratory has one of the world's few high-speed EPR spectroscopy devices, able to record actions that occur in nanoseconds, about 1,000 times faster than standard EPR.
"Free radicals are dangerous chemicals and dangerous chemistry takes place rapidly," said Norris. "This lets us see some of it."
Norris and Rezai have another valuable asset, an ambitious student, interested in chemistry and medicine, experienced with EPR and looking for a project. This was a unique opportunity for Brandon-Luke Seagle, a third-year student in the College at the time. His knowledge of chemistry and medicine enabled him to be the link between Rezai's cells and Norris's techniques. He is the first author on both papers.
Using Rezai's cells, Norris's technology and Seagle's leg work, the team was able to capture convincing and dramatic evidence that melanin protects the retinal cells. In the June 21, 2005, PNAS paper, they show that increased melanin aggregation and radical migration within melanin aggregates can protect RPE cells from free-radical damage and help prevent cell death. In the August 17, 2005, JACS paper (available early online) they demonstrate how melanin actually scavenges the harmful free radicals produced by high-energy blue or ultraviolet light as it flows into the eye, soaking them up and neutralizing their effects.
"We now have molecular-based evidence to support the epidemiologic data that points to the protective effects for melanin," said Rezai, who is testing ways to boost melanin levels, first in cells grown in culture and, if that appears promising, in animal models.
Research to Prevent Blindness and the Richter Fund and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Education Initiative Grant at the University of Chicago supported this project. Other co-authors include Elzbieta Gasyna, Yasuhiro Kobori and Kasra Rezaei of the University of Chicago.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: Correction. Many whites of Europe also have their ability to produce melanin intact which why they can tan!
Qualification time to correct the pro white race slant. Correction. Many whites of Europe (means, most obviously ADMIXED Europeans) also have their ability to produce melanin intact which why they can tan! As the WHO chart clearly shows, types 1 & 2 skinned whites don't tan (but BURN) until reaching the type III admixture column where they tan slightly, but still can burn. Who has the credibility, the World Health Organization or an AI laced robot. LMBAO!!
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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^ Wrong again. Most Europeans (who aren't admixed) can still tan! Whether or not they get sunburn has nothing to do whether they can tan or not, moron!!
And you still haven't addressed why their whiteness can be transmitted to their children as equally well as blackness!
Oh and your source from WHO still does NOT state that 'whiteness' of Europeans is due to albinism, you delusional idiot!
Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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^^ I suggest you write to WHO and tell them they made a mistake and should change it based on an AI opinion. I have no doubt they will give your opinion all the consideration it deserves.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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^ LMAO Why should I?! It is not them who is mistaken! It is YOU, dufus! Nowhere in their source did it say European whiteness is due to albinism. Face the FACTS.
Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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Unlike KIK, I CAN read, and you without doubt contradict the WHO data below, and you make your position although wrong, perfectly clear, here;
AI DJ Wrote: Wrong again. Most Europeans (who aren't admixed) can still tan! Whether or not they get sunburn has nothing to do whether they can tan or not, moron!!
World Health Org definition of Human skin types
Skin type Unexposed skin color Sun response I white always burns, never tans II white always burns, tans minimally III white burns minimally, sometimes tans IV light brown burns minimally, always tans well V brown rarely burns, tans darkly (Asian skins) VI dark brown never burns, tans darkly (African skins)
Now you are saying they are NOT wrong. First they were, now they aren't. Which is it AI?
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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^ Okay, but where does it say those who have white skin, even I white type skin are necessarily albinos?!! LOLPosts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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I apologize for the delay, but please realize, research such as this, does not just appear magically overnight, like your superior "white" gene. I possess neither the time, nor resources of the magic "white" gene super race creators. Therefore, takes a different level of effort opposed to cut and pasting someone else's citation and presenting it as qualified sans comprehension.
While it may appear a slow pace, the introduction of the Medical research genetics data base has lead to a much more comprehensive understanding then could be gained merely researching historian highly speculative (and some very dubious) proposals.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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No magic white gene. Do you understand what an allele is?
The test found two variants in the same gene(slc24a5) found in all populations tested that differed by just one amino acid, in Europeans.
quote: A team led by geneticist Keith Cheng of Pennsylvania State University(PSU) College of Medicine in Hersey found two variants in the same gene(slc24a5) that differed by just one amino acid. Nearly all Africans and East Asians had one allele, whereas 98% of the 120 Europeans had the other.
This kid talks about copy and pasting, but all he does is copy and paste medical journals and expects this to be a correlation to his theory of whites not being from Europe based on skin can cancer levels. What an idiot
Meanwhile only 5 out every 100,000 Europeans are albinos...go figure.
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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^ LOL Excuses, excuses. Just admit you are a wrong simpleton. And please don't patronize me with this "superior" white gene crap. I am not a white supremacist and neither is whiteness caused by a single gene.
Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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Fear not. This is NOT any form of curse or evilness brought onto whites as retribution, or any nonsense such as that. This is merely a medical condition, nothing more. Perhaps one of the most devastating and pervasive disorders in mankind's entire history.
We must not attach negatives to those identified with the aliment, but work to one day reunite African with African and eliminate all psychological reasons for a shunned people to manufacture superiority myths as compensation for responses to the physical condition.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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^ European whiteness is NOT a medical condition because it is NOT albinism. As such whites did not become extinct and are obviously doing quite well today. It's obvious you are suffering from the same exact type of delusion as white supremacists who think blacks are defective. Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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LOL extinction is drastic and may very well have been abated by the migration to Europe. This need for migration based on the basest need of survival makes the obvious migration even more plausible relative to un-mutated Africans.
What about these scores of bodies recovered in Europe showing obvious signs of severe bone disease. Where was the largest collection found?
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Knowledgeiskey718: The highest cases of albinism are in Africa, 20 out of every 100k are albinos in Nigeria.
That's 1 in every 5,000 people.
Word? I even have an albino cousin, but don't know where he is or what he's up to nowadays (it's like that when you literally have hundreds of cousins). There was always an albino around somewhere ... school, on the streets wherever.
I didn't know we Nigerians had the most albinos though. Ironic given the way I've been throwing salt at some sensitive inferiority-complexed folks recently.Posts: 3423 | From: the jungle - when y'all stop playing games, call me. | Registered: Jul 2006
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: AND, turned WHITE due to EXTREME vitamin D deficiencies that has NEVER been duplicated ANYWHERE else in any region of the world, EXCEPT EVERY Culture that has, Albinism.
Turned white so to able to produce vitamin D through synthesis of UV, in lower UV environments.
AND, in the process, burns up BEFORE they can synthesis (like every other culture in the world) any quantities due their having no protection to the required long (hours) of exposure to the Sun's rays. Therefore EVERY available food stuff must be CRAMMED full of Vitamin D to compensate for a seriously flawed genetic mutation, Albinism. At this point, the VAST majority being, Subclinical.
Wow you really do hate white folks. And as much as I TOTALLY UNDERSTAND where that anger comes from, I know for a FACT that holding that type of grudge/poison fucks you up more than it will ever affect them. That's the tragedy.
Save your health Bredrin. Dem haters are not worth it. Plus there are positive ways to channel the force that anger raises. Rasol, alT (where's the Sage at?) and a couple others are good examples of how to do that.
If none of that works, try Zen! LOL .
Posts: 3423 | From: the jungle - when y'all stop playing games, call me. | Registered: Jul 2006
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quote:VI dark brown never burns, tans darkly (African skins)
^ regardless of where you quoted this from, it is of course not true.
burning of the skin is the process by which skin is damaged by uv rays.
tanning is the production of melanin to prevent burning.
'reddening' of pale skin is visual evidence of burning, damage to the skin.
very dark skin cannot 'turn red' regardless of whether it is 'burnt' damaged, by the sun or not.
but this does not mean - as you frankly, stupidly, want to imply - that dark skin is IMMUNE to ultraviolet radiation.
It is not. The very fact that dark skin - still tans [further] under exposure to UV is indication of the potential for UV to damage even dark skin.
If there were no such potential for damage - dark skin would not further tan.
Dark skin people who live in tropical environments know this.
MN, you are either clowning - like Marc Washington, or you are black person living in Europe [like Marc Washington. lol]
Go to the sahara, or kalahari and see how long you can lay under the sun without the skin peeling from your flesh.
Your posts, all of them, are nonsense.
This is why you have no sources - and no, the blurb from the WHO is not a source, for they do not claim -INSANELY - as you do, that dark skin people are immune to ANY AMOUNT OF RADIATION and therefore cannot be burnt [presumably even by nuclear weaponry ].
Posts: 15202 | Registered: Jun 2004
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^ Of course. NON of the sources he cites say European paleness or 'whitness' is the result of albinism, that is his (Minibrainer's) own claims!
Albinism results in little to no melanin production in both skin and hair.
Fact: Most whites have heavy melanin production for their hair-- dark colored hair.
Albinism itself is a recessive trait i.e. it is extremely rare.
Fact: European whiteness is NOT recessive as their genes for pale skin is automatically passed on to offspring and of course Europeans by and large are white. Even mixing between a white person and a black person ends up producing offspring lighter than the black parent!...
The effect of genes that impart the pale appearance of Europeans is in fact at least, partially "recessive" to those that impart heavier pigmentation in other peoples. If an offspring is heterozygous at a certain locus, wherein one allele is from a parent that only codes for a relatively weak increment of pigmentation than that of the allele from the other parent, then obviously the effect of this would be one wherein the associated phenotype would be greater than that of the parent with the weaker pigment-inducing allele and lower than that of the parent with the stronger pigment-inducing allele, if the said parents were homozygous at the said gene locus. Hence, there is definitely at least, a partial dominance/recessiveness situation at work here. The difference between albinism and paleness of Europeans, as should be obvious to any averagely intelligent person, is that in albinism there is essentially no pigment-induction coded for to begin with, at the "mutant" loci; whereas in Europeans, there is some pigmentation coded for -- just not as strong as it is the case in darker folks. So, in albinism, the case is more often than not, complete recessiveness. This is obviously a rather simplistic portrayal of the effects of pigment-inducing genes to drive a point, since there is a complex network of genes in multicellular creatures like humans, that impart pigmentation phenotype of various strengths.
Posts: 7516 | From: Somewhere on Earth | Registered: Jan 2008
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^ Of course. NON of the sources he cites say European paleness or 'whitness' is the result of albinism, that is his (Minibrainer's) own claims!
Albinism results in little to no melanin production in both skin and hair.
Fact: Most whites have heavy melanin production for their hair-- dark colored hair.
Albinism itself is a recessive trait i.e. it is extremely rare.
Fact: European whiteness is NOT recessive as their genes for pale skin is automatically passed on to offspring and of course Europeans by and large are white. Even mixing between a white person and a black person ends up producing offspring lighter than the black parent!...
The effect of genes that impart the pale appearance of Europeans is in fact at least, partially "recessive" to those that impart heavier pigmentation in other peoples. If an offspring is heterozygous at a certain locus, wherein one allele is from a parent that only codes for a relatively weak increment of pigmentation than that of the allele from the other parent, then obviously the effect of this would be one wherein the associated phenotype would be greater than that of the parent with the weaker pigment-inducing allele and lower than that of the parent with the stronger pigment-inducing allele, if the said parents were homozygous at the said gene locus. Hence, there is definitely at least, a partial dominance/recessiveness situation at work here. The difference between albinism and paleness of Europeans, as should be obvious to any averagely intelligent person, is that in albinism there is essentially no pigment-induction coded for to begin with, at the "mutant" loci; whereas in Europeans, there is some pigmentation coded for -- just not as strong as it is the case in darker folks. So, in albinism, the case is more often than not, complete recessiveness. This is obviously a rather simplistic portrayal of the effects of pigment-inducing genes to drive a point, since there is a complex network of genes in multicellular creatures like humans, that impart pigmentation phenotype of various strengths.
I agree with most of this post, but would rephrase this portion;
The difference between albinism and paleness of Europeans, as should be obvious to any averagely intelligent person, is that in albinism OCA1 there is essentially no pigment-induction coded for to begin with, at the "mutant" loci; whereas in Europeans displaying OCA2 , there is a little pigmentation coded for -- just not as deficient as it is the case in classic OCA1 folks. So, in OCA1 albinism, the case is more often than not, complete recessiveness, whereas in OCA2, we encounter a less extreme recessiveness, but nevertheless, recessive.
Now it follows the guidelines as defined by the International Albinism Research Center.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:VI dark brown never burns, tans darkly (African skins)
^ regardless of where you quoted this from, it is of course not true.
burning of the skin is the process by which skin is damaged by uv rays.
tanning is the production of melanin to prevent burning.
'reddening' of pale skin is visual evidence of burning, damage to the skin.
very dark skin cannot 'turn red' regardless of whether it is 'burnt' damaged, by the sun or not.
but this does not mean - as you frankly, stupidly, want to imply - that dark skin is IMMUNE to ultraviolet radiation.
It is not. The very fact that dark skin - still tans [further] under exposure to UV is indication of the potential for UV to damage even dark skin.
If there were no such potential for damage - dark skin would not further tan.
Dark skin people who live in tropical environments know this.
MN, you are either clowning - like Marc Washington, or you are black person living in Europe [like Marc Washington. lol]
Go to the sahara, or kalahari and see how long you can lay under the sun without the skin peeling from your flesh.
Your posts, all of them, are nonsense.
This is why you have no sources - and no, the blurb from the WHO is not a source, for they do not claim -INSANELY - as you do, that dark skin people are immune to ANY AMOUNT OF RADIATION and therefore cannot be burnt [presumably even by nuclear weaponry ].
If what you stated had merit, there would of course be higher incidents of melanoma and skin cancers in Africans, since the two above burns are but preludes to future skin disease. What does the world health organization data say about skin cancer and melanoma rates in black Africans? Does it parallel and confirm your opinion? If your statement is true, then skin cancer cases in Africa should exceed those in Europe. Is it true?
Also bear in mind OCA types 1 & 2 don't only shut down or partially shutdown melanin production, but also the internal repair facilities in place to repair solar damaged internal cells.
As to my "funnying" like Marc, I guess you've got me. I do find this topic rather entertaining, but only in the few rare instances when someone intelligent comes along with some research skills and presents their argument in an intelligent fashion.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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^^^^Stop your nonsensical gibber jabber....
Tell me why African Americans suffer from high levels of Vitamin D deficiency?
African Americans and other dark-skinned people, and anyone living in northern latitudes, make far less Vitamin D than some other groups. Why?
Why aren't whites the highest cases of Vitamin D deficient patients in America?
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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In Caucasian skins the proportions of the two main melanin pigments, eumelanin and phaeomelanin, vary over a huge range. They show just as wide a range in OCA2 albinism. In photo #2, the subject displays visual cues of classic OCA1 although by today's non-scientific definition she would be described as, fair. Also, in photo #3, note the appearance of skin freckles located on the shoulders, upper arms, which represent visual cues of OCA2.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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This Scandinavian child displays a some what deep sun tan while displaying visual cues for OCA2 with nearly white hair, and obvious poor vision the leading indication of possible Albinism inheritance. Don't worry kid, we gonna make it right.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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^^^What does this have to do with your theory of albinos walking out of Africa to mix with native Europeans and African Europeans to become white?
What haplotypes did these albinos bring into Europe? What part of Africa did these albinos come from?
What natives are you talking about? Where did they come from? What haplotypes did they carry?
What African Europeans are you talking about? What lineages did they carry? What part of Africa did they come from?
Tell me why African Americans suffer from high levels of Vitamin D deficiency?
African Americans and other dark-skinned people, and anyone living in northern latitudes, make far less Vitamin D than some other groups. Why?
Why aren't whites the highest cases of Vitamin D deficient patients in America?
Tell me why people would want to go through the hassle to continue hunting and fishing for their foods, when they were able to grow it, and domesticate the animals instead of hunting them?
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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As Albino mixes with African, we produce this lady's biracial skin color and features reflect the mixed African and Caucasian background of her birthplace. Such mixtures of racial characteristics are seen increasingly frequently all over the world.
I imagine many of you here resemble this ladies complexion.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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This English girl, considered "normal" by today's limited Albino detection methods, but show all visual cues for Albinism types 1 & 2. Freckles have already begun to form on the face, and will develop on the arms, shoulders as well. Classic.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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posted
^^^Poor kid doesn't know what to do anymore, so he'll just spam the board.
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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Skin type Unexposed skin color Sun response I white always burns, never tans II white always burns, tans minimally III white burns minimally, sometimes tans IV light brown burns minimally, always tans well V brown rarely burns, tans darkly (Asian skins) VI dark brown never burns, tans darkly (African skins)
One way in which scientists define skin type is according to how it responds to exposure to the sun. The system of classifying skin according to its type, shown in the table above, was developed on a two-factor basis: hair color and the ability to tan. Classification under this system also indicates the people who are especially prone to develop skin cancer. The six-point scale is based on the answers people give when questioned about how they react to sun exposure. Individuals who are types I and II have skin more likely to burn and have difficulty developing a tan. It is also these people who are at highest risk for the development of skin cancer. During the last two centuries or so, many people of this type have moved to sunny climates like those of Australia and South Africa and are now at a much higher risk of developing skin cancer than if they had stayed in Europe.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:During the last two centuries or so, many people of this type have moved to sunny climates like those of Australia and South Africa and are now at a much higher risk of developing skin cancer than if they had stayed in Europe.
Yes true more than if they had stayed in **Europe** , on the other hand African Americans and other dark-skinned people, and anyone living in northern latitudes, make far less Vitamin D than some other groups. Therefore leading to high levels of Vitamin D deficiencies, Why?
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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quote:Originally posted by Knowledgeiskey718: ^^^Poor kid doesn't know what to do anymore, so he'll just spam the board.
Some may view it as spam. Some may view it for what it is, cues to Albinism.
In Caucasian individuals with OCA2, the amount of pigment present at birth varies from minimal to moderate. The hair can be very lightly pigmented at birth, having a light yellow or blond color, or more pigmented with a definite blond, golden blond or even red color. The normal delayed maturation of the pigment system in northern European individuals (i.e., very blond or towheaded as a child with later development of dark blond or brown hair) and lack of long hair can make the it difficult to distinguish OCA1 from OCA2 in the first few months of life. The skin is white and does not tan on sun exposure. Iris color is blue-gray or lighted pigmented, and the degree of iris translucency correlates with the amount of pigment present. With time, pigmented nevi and lentigines may develop and pigmented freckles are seen in exposed areas with repeated sun exposure. The hair in Caucasian individuals may slowly turn darker through the first two or more decades of life. Visual acuity is in the range of 20/90 to 20/400, and may improve with age. Sun exposure produces erythema and a burn if the skin is has little pigment and is unprotected, but may tan well if cutaneous pigment has developed. Pigmented lesions (nevi, freckles, lentigines) develop in the skin of individuals who have developed pigmented hair and skin.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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It's spamming the board because it lends no credence to your theory of African albinos migrating into Europe to mix with natives and African Europeans to create whites. You say whites are all albinos, meanwhile only 5 out every 100,000 Europeans are albinos...go figure. There is no credibility for your theory. Therefore as you continue to make eyeball observations, you're just wasting space and spamming the board. We're not playing guessing games here, it's a matter of facts, which you don't have
If you would like to discuss your theory, then answer the following questions.....
What haplotypes did these albinos bring into Europe? What part of Africa did these albinos come from?
What natives are you talking about? Where did they come from? What haplotypes did they carry?
What African Europeans are you talking about? What lineages did they carry? What part of Africa did they come from?
Tell me why African Americans suffer from high levels of Vitamin D deficiency?
African Americans and other dark-skinned people, and anyone living in northern latitudes, make far less Vitamin D than some other groups. Why?
Why aren't whites the highest cases of Vitamin D deficient patients in America?
Tell me why people would want to go through the hassle to continue hunting and fishing for their foods, when they were able to grow it, and domesticate the animals instead of hunting them?
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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posted
LOL, your questions haven't progressed beyond this rudimentary stage? Come now. EAT MORE FISH!!!! It's brain food and provides adequate Vitamin D as well. I don't understand how someone with OCA can state, I hate fish!
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:LOL, your questions haven't progressed beyond this rudimentary stage?
When you actually answer them, maybe we can move on. Please don't tell me you don't feel the need to explain your theory in full? Your theory is shot full of holes, which is why you don't/can't answer the questions
Posts: 6572 | From: N.Y.C....Capital of the World | Registered: Jun 2008
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The sun produces enormous amounts of heat and light, some of which reaches the earth. Without this heat and light no life could ever have evolved. Unfortunately the sun also produces less beneficial rays, which are completely invisible to us, called ultraviolet radiation. (Sun beds also expose their users to these rays.) Part of this radiation is reflected by the stratum corneum at the skin surface, part is absorbed by the melanin n the epidermal cells, and some is scattered within the skin. All three processes contribute to the vital function of protecting the nuclei of the cells in the epidermis and the collagen of the dermis. This scattered radiation creates a lot of high-energy particles, which are called free radicals. Free radicals are very reactive, and attack the constituents of the skin: this is why over a long time ultraviolet radiation produces so much damage. Contrary to what some here believe, a low UB environment which also happens to be cold and snow covered acts in principle like a LASER, amplifying and reflecting solar radiation, increasing it's intensity. Sunlight reflected from snow - a damaging combination for our skin, since it contains a substantial proportion of ultraviolet radiation.
Dry, atopic skin like this is especially vulnerable to winter weather. Protection by generous and frequent application of moisturizer is vital.
In the winter months, or cold environments, air has less relative humidity and the skin tends to dry more rapidly. This also increases sun burn and skin cancer risk.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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