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Author Topic: Hair of mummified remains...
Djehuti
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quote:
Originally posted by argyle104:

How do you know? Opinion based on your sick race mythology doesn't count.

Unlike you I don't believe in 'race' or any mythology of it. I know based on FACTS that were discussed here

quote:
Also why did you leave northwest Africa out of your list? You can't pull that shakanery with me, I'll call you out.
I said West Africa, does that not include northwest Africa? There were slave ports in Senegal and Mauritania so what's your point? The only shakanery is the b.s. you write in this forum all the time as well as the kinky games you play with your boyfriends!

quote:
Also define "west" and "central" Africa. I.E. what countries makeup "west" and "central" Africa?
Don't need to. Everything was explained to you in the link above as well as actual slave trade routes, dumbass.

quote:
Well Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritania, Mali are closer to the U.S. and are in "west" Africa. They are much closer to the U.S. than so called "subsaharan" Africa. So using your logic they were the natural candidates to be brought over to the U.S. right?
Algeria and Tunisia are NOT on the Atlantic coast, and all of those countries as Islamic nations were NOT active participants in the trans-Atlantic slave-trade to America idiot. If anything they were still importing white slaves from Europe!

quote:
If not why would people from Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritania, Mali not be brought over?
Slave traders had better access to peoples from Mauritania and Mali than those other countries.

And again your answers were given in the link above, and my previous post debunked your claims of "true negroes" living in West Africa only etc!

Why is a white british gay loser like you so obsessed with African Americans and slave ancestry anyway?? The topic of this thread is Hair of mummified remains.

If you have nothing to contribute to the topic or no rebuttal to the answers I gave, GET YOUR LEAKY PUMMELED ASS OUT OF HERE.

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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:
--------------------------
Slave traders had better access to peoples from Mauritania and Mali than those other countries.
--------------------------


Notice, no facts or evidence just opinion.

What do you base what you say on? Why would Mauritania and Mali provide better access than Algeria and Morocco? Do you believe that the former is more "negroid" than the later.


People here are noticing how your mind works.


Mauritania and Mali - more caucasoid than "west" Africa. Ergo "west" Africans are slaves.


Algeria and Morocco - more caucasoid than Mauritania and Mali. Ergo Mauritanians and Malians are slaves.


How sick.

Coon style shell game race pathology. But why should we be surprised since you are indeed a non-African.

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argyle104
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I'm taking the clown apart folks, I'm taking him apart. You see its easy to intellectually defeat a racist like Djehuti. Facts and evidence always trump race fantasy.
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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:
-------------------------
Algeria and Tunisia are NOT on the Atlantic coast, and all of those countries as Islamic nations were NOT active participants in the trans-Atlantic slave-trade to America idiot. If anything they were still importing white slaves from Europe!
-------------------------


So you're saying that slaves did not come from Algeria or Tunisia? Is that what your saying?


Shall I post links?


Were you this dumb before or after you were conceived? Or frankly are you a racist?

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Djehuti
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^ LOL Of course I am neither dumb nor racist but that YOU on the other hand are exactly both!

You come up with stupid questions but you haven't even refuted any of the info I gave you.

quote:
Psycho ass-pirated fool wrote:

I'm taking the clown apart folks, I'm taking him apart. You see its easy to intellectually defeat a racist like Djehuti. Facts and evidence always trump race fantasy.

LMAO You realize you've taken no one apart or beat down anyone in the forum but have always made an insane fool of yourself. All the folks you address are as annoyed as I am by you.

As usual, we discuss something about ancient Egypt and you still bitch and whine about African American slave ancestry. Yet you are neither American nor of African descent!

[Embarrassed] As I said, if you have nothing to contribute get your ass out. Begone, you gangraped-loving loser!

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argyle104
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LOL! He's dodging folks. He's trying hard to escape the intellectual thrashing he's enduring by using strawman, ad hominem, and non-seqtuires.


It won't work. People are noticing that you are sidestepping the questions being asked because you know your psychotic race loon view will be exposed even greater.


Your intellectual thrashing will continue.

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argyle104
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Djehuti
-------------------------------
As usual, we discuss something about ancient Egypt and you still bitch and whine about African American slave ancestry.
-------------------------------

Interesting since you're a filopeeeeeno who is passionate that "west" Africans and slave are one in the same. You are even on record saying that if a "west" African is not dark, he must be admixed.

What's funny also is that I don't make you say the racialist things you say which are reminiscent of Blumenbach, Coon, and Howell's race psychotic depravity.

If you can't take the heat, get out of the kitchen. What you say will be challenged, examined, and debunked.

Now I will continue with your intellectual thrashing

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AGÜEYBANÁ II (Mind718)
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quote:
Originally posted by argyle104:
LOL! He's dodging folks. He's trying hard to escape the intellectual thrashing he's enduring by using strawman, ad hominem, and non-seqtuires.


It won't work. People are noticing that you are sidestepping the questions being asked because you know your psychotic race loon view will be exposed even greater.


Your intellectual thrashing will continue.

Actually you're presenting strawmen, being that you've provided NO evidence for your initial claims therefore your initial claim is invalidated, to where you have no grounds to ask questions.
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argyle104
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Knowledgeiskey718 wrote:

--------------------------------
Actually you're presenting strawmans, being that you provided NO evidence for your initial claims therefore your initial claim is invalidated, to where you have no grounds to ask questions.
--------------------------------

Aaaaaaahhhhh, you're feeling left out. You want a scholarly beatdown also.

You shall have it. ha ha ha heeeeeeeeeeeeeee

You should know by now that evidence and facts are my forte. Unlike your race myth consumed ass. You must really need for "west" Africans to be slaves and non-"west" Africans to not be slaves. The question is why?

Now the beatdown begins.

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AGÜEYBANÁ II (Mind718)
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^^^^^I'm Waiting.........
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BrandonP
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Argyle, if you haven't noticed by now, we're getting really fucking tired of your pathological trolling, off-topic posting, spreading false slander about other posters, and racist slurs here. All you do is create an uncivil forum environment. You're lucky I am not a mod or I would ban your ass to high heaven.
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AGÜEYBANÁ II (Mind718)
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quote:
Gaygoyle writes:
Aaaaaaahhhhh, you're feeling left out. You want a scholarly beatdown also.

You shall have it. ha ha ha heeeeeeeeeeeeeee

You should know by now that evidence and facts are my forte.

Now the beatdown begins.

Gaygoyle.....do you plan on starting this supposed "beatdown" soon??
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Djehuti
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^ The leaky ass derranged b*tch is just mad cuz his life sucks so he comes here to defile this intellectual forum the same way men defile his body. And he knows the ONLY reason why he's gotten away with it is that there's NO moderating going on! If there was, his leaky nasty ass would have been banned a LONG time ago! [Embarrassed]

What's funny is the leaky fag complains about me being racist against African Americans and West Africans, yet it was a West African who exposed his nasty ass for the degenerate psycho that he is and besides me, all the African Americans on this board are punk him out all the time!

Nobody is buying your bullsh*t Argay, get out!!

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argyle104
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T. Rex wrote:

-----------------------------
-----------------------------

aaaaaaahhhhhhhh, yet another character that refuses to answer questions because he's afraid his racism will be exposed for all to see.


Answer my questions that were posed in the thread below and you may warrant my further attention.

http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=000616;p=2

What's taking you so long T. Rex? : )

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Whatbox
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 -  -

argyle, who lashes out at Doug (and hates on African Americans) when ever he or anyone else posts any article that hints at racism against Africans, and who then accuses them of whining is now pretending to be mad at racists right now. Of course.

quote:
Originally posted by argyle104:
rasol .. intellectual .. rasol .. rasol .. rasol .. intellectuall .. rasol ... rasol ... rasol ..

Go back and have your CP search the text for "rasols" yourself.

I wonder why all of the apr ass cee member seem to really not like rasol (or most other regular contributors), and always mention *intellect* when talking about him/us. Maybe it's...

 -

quote:
Originally posted by HORUS of EDFU:
quote:
Originally posted by Alive-(What Box):
quote:
Originally posted by Lord Sauron:
Better the devil you know.

Truth.

@ Hori: I take it he probably took alot of heat for things at work?

Heat? Nah [Big Grin] . He took a lot of Dick that's for sure.

Who would hire a ***brain dead***** old-ass spastic homo except some type of predatory gay manager with an excessive budget!?

Oh shyit!!!
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Djehuti
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^ Oh shyt is right!

The over-sodomized idiot loves to make false accusations of racism against me all the time, without any proof! Yet notice that whenever I contribute some scholarly info or continue an intelligent discussion about ancient Egypt or Africa, the b*tch suddenly trolls!

It's obvious what the demented deviant's agenda is. And EVERYONE in this forum with sense is being aggravated!

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Djehuti
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Let's not let the degenerate its way and get back to the topic as well as logic and sanity...

quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:

I've posted this article from Myra's site before and I'll post it again for relevance:

FOR YEARS, EGYPTOLOGY has been fighting a losing battle to hold onto an ancient Egypt that is Caucasian or, at worst, sun-tanned Caucasian.

At the 1974 UNESCO conference Egyptology was dealt a fatal blow. Two African scholars wiped the floor with 18 world-renowned Egyptologists. They proved in 11 different categories of evidence that the ancient Egyptians were Africans (Black). Following that beating, Egyptology has been on its knees praying to be saved by science. Their last glimmer of hope has been the hair on Egyptian mummies.

The mummies on display in the world's museums exhibit Caucasoid-looking hair, some of it brown and blonde. These mummies include Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao of the 17th dynasty and the 19th dynasty's Rameses II. As one scholar put it: "The most common hair colour, then as now, was a very dark brown, almost black colour although natural auburn and even rather surprisingly blonde hair are also to be found."

Many Black scholars try skillfully to avoid the hair problem. This is a mistake!

In 1914, a white doctor in Detroit initiated divorce proceeding against his wife whom he suspected of being a "closet Negro". At the trial, the Columbia University anthropologist, Professor Franz Boas (1858-1942), was called upon as a race expert. Boas declared: "If this woman has any of the characteristics of the Negro race it would be easy to find them . . . one characteristic that is regarded as reliable is the hair. You can tell by microscopic examination of a cross-section of hair to what race that person belongs."

With this revelation, trichology (the scientific analysis of hair) reached the American public.
But what are these differences?

The cross-section of a hair shaft is measured with an instrument called a trichometer. From this you can get measurements for the minimum and maximum diameter of a hair The minimum measurement is then divided by the maximum and then multiplied by a hundred. This produces an index. A survey of the scientific literature produces the following breakdown:

San, Southern African 55.00

Zulu, Southern African 55.00

Sub-Saharan Africa 60.00

Tasmanian (Black) 64.70

Australian (Black) 68.00

Western European 71.20

Asian Indian 73.00

Navajo American 77.00

Chinese 82.60

In the early 1970s, the Czech anthropologist Eugen Strouhal examined pre-dynastic Egyptian skulls at Cambridge University. He sent some samples of the hair to the Institute of Anthropology at Charles University, Prague, to be analyzed. The hair samples were described as varying in texture from "wavy" to "curly" and in colour from "light brown" to "black". Strouhal summarized the results of the analysis:

"The outline of the cross-sections of the hairs was flattened, with indices ranging from 35 to 65. These peculiarities also show the Negroid inference among the Badarians (pre-dynastic Egyptians)."

The term "Negroid influence" suggests intermixture, but as the table suggests this hair is more "Negroid" than the San and the Zulu samples, currently the most Negroid hair in existence!

In another study, hair samples from ten 18th-25th dynasty individuals produced an average index of 51! As far back as 1877, Dr. Pruner-Bey analyzed six ancient Egyptian hair samples. Their average index of 64.4 was similar to the Tasmanians who lie at the periphery of the African-haired populations(1)
.

A team of Italian anthropologists published their research in the Journal of Human Evolution in 1972 and 1980. They measured two samples consisting of 26 individuals from pre-dynastic, 12th dynasty and 18th dynasty mummies. They produced a mean index of 66.50.

The overall average of all four sets of ancient Egyptian hair samples was 60.02. Sounds familiar . . ., just check the table!

Since microscopic analysis shows ancient Egyptian hair to be completely African, why does the hair look Caucasoid? Research has given us the answers.


Hair is made of keratin protein. Keratin is composed of amino acid chains called polypeptides. In a hair, two such chains are called cross-chain polypeptides. These are held together by disulphide bonds. The bulk of the hair, the source of its strength and curl, is called the cortex. The hair shafts are made of a protective outer layer called the cuticle.

We are informed by Afro Hair - A Salon Book, that chemicals for bleaching, penning and straightening hair must reach the cortex to be effective. For hair to be permed or straightened the disulphide bonds in the cortex must be broken. The anthropologist Daniel Hardy writing in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, tells us that keratin is stable owing to disulphide bonds. However, when hair is exposed to harsh conditions it can lead to oxidation of protein molecules in the cortex, which leads to the alteration of hair texture, such as straightening.

Two British anthropologists, Brothwell and Spearman, have found evidence of cortex keratin oxidation in ancient Egyptian hair. They held that the mummification process was responsible, because of the strong alkaline substance used. This resulted in the yellowing and browning of hair as well as the straightening effect.

This means that visual appearance of the hair on mummies cannot disguise their racial affinities. The presence of blonde and brown hair on ancient Egyptian mummies has nothing to do with their racial identity and everything to do with mummification and the passage of time.
As the studies have shown, when you put the evidence under a microscope the truth comes out. At last, Egyptology's prayers have been answered. It has been put out of its misery.

Anyone else got anything valid to say about the topic??
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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:

quote:
I said West Africa, does that not include northwest Africa?
Now I will continue administering your intellectual thrashing.


So then why are you saying that they did not come from Algeria or Morocco? Are they not in "northwest" Africa, which by your own admission is in "west" Africa? If you look at a map with your slant eyed ass you would see that those two African countries are the closet African countries to the U.S.. So again your lack of intellect has now been further exposed.


Its interesting to note that first you say that people from Mauritania were not brought over then when the stupidity of your logic and your racism was exposed you say now there was a "slave" port there (which by the way you avoided discussion about) and people were brought from there. Why does your little map not have Mauritania on it? Apparently by your own words your sources are wrong. So why should anyone take you seriously?


Again you dirty rat eating filopeeeeno, your African racial hierarchy has been exposed again.


First its Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Tunisia, and Mali are not "west" African. Then when called out you retreat and say they are.


Then you say that well Mauritanians had slaves come from there but Morocco and Algeria didn't.


You rank people according to your debunked caucasoid racialism shows how debased your mind is.

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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:

quote:
Show me historic evidence of slaves being imported from those countries to America.
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&as_q=algeria&as_epq=north+african+slaves&as_oq=&as_eq=&num=100&lr=&as_filetype=&ft=i&as_sitesearch=&as_qdr=all&as_rights=&as_occt=any&cr=&as_nlo= &as_nhi=&safe=images


This also explains a large segment of the populations of Puerto Rico, Domicanc Republic, and also smaller populations of other countries in the Americas including the U.S..


Are we now to believe that people came from Algeria but not Mali, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Somalia? Your logic leaves one to think that you are extremely intellectually impotent Djehuti.


Its funny that I'm the one who has all of the facts and evidence and you don't seem to ever post anything thing that your racist opinions based on the eurocentricism.

How come?


Notice how easy it is to take an intellectual lightweight like Djehuti apart.

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argyle104
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Poor Djehuti outside of paraphrasing rasol he's reduced to racially charged pseudoscience.
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rasol
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^ actually everyone's on topic except you, as usual...

quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:
Let's not let the degenerate its way and get back to the topic as well as logic and sanity...

quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:

I've posted this article from Myra's site before and I'll post it again for relevance:

FOR YEARS, EGYPTOLOGY has been fighting a losing battle to hold onto an ancient Egypt that is Caucasian or, at worst, sun-tanned Caucasian.

At the 1974 UNESCO conference Egyptology was dealt a fatal blow. Two African scholars wiped the floor with 18 world-renowned Egyptologists. They proved in 11 different categories of evidence that the ancient Egyptians were Africans (Black). Following that beating, Egyptology has been on its knees praying to be saved by science. Their last glimmer of hope has been the hair on Egyptian mummies.

The mummies on display in the world's museums exhibit Caucasoid-looking hair, some of it brown and blonde. These mummies include Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao of the 17th dynasty and the 19th dynasty's Rameses II. As one scholar put it: "The most common hair colour, then as now, was a very dark brown, almost black colour although natural auburn and even rather surprisingly blonde hair are also to be found."

Many Black scholars try skillfully to avoid the hair problem. This is a mistake!

In 1914, a white doctor in Detroit initiated divorce proceeding against his wife whom he suspected of being a "closet Negro". At the trial, the Columbia University anthropologist, Professor Franz Boas (1858-1942), was called upon as a race expert. Boas declared: "If this woman has any of the characteristics of the Negro race it would be easy to find them . . . one characteristic that is regarded as reliable is the hair. You can tell by microscopic examination of a cross-section of hair to what race that person belongs."

With this revelation, trichology (the scientific analysis of hair) reached the American public.
But what are these differences?

The cross-section of a hair shaft is measured with an instrument called a trichometer. From this you can get measurements for the minimum and maximum diameter of a hair The minimum measurement is then divided by the maximum and then multiplied by a hundred. This produces an index. A survey of the scientific literature produces the following breakdown:

San, Southern African 55.00

Zulu, Southern African 55.00

Sub-Saharan Africa 60.00

Tasmanian (Black) 64.70

Australian (Black) 68.00

Western European 71.20

Asian Indian 73.00

Navajo American 77.00

Chinese 82.60

In the early 1970s, the Czech anthropologist Eugen Strouhal examined pre-dynastic Egyptian skulls at Cambridge University. He sent some samples of the hair to the Institute of Anthropology at Charles University, Prague, to be analyzed. The hair samples were described as varying in texture from "wavy" to "curly" and in colour from "light brown" to "black". Strouhal summarized the results of the analysis:

"The outline of the cross-sections of the hairs was flattened, with indices ranging from 35 to 65. These peculiarities also show the Negroid inference among the Badarians (pre-dynastic Egyptians)."

The term "Negroid influence" suggests intermixture, but as the table suggests this hair is more "Negroid" than the San and the Zulu samples, currently the most Negroid hair in existence!

In another study, hair samples from ten 18th-25th dynasty individuals produced an average index of 51! As far back as 1877, Dr. Pruner-Bey analyzed six ancient Egyptian hair samples. Their average index of 64.4 was similar to the Tasmanians who lie at the periphery of the African-haired populations(1)
.

A team of Italian anthropologists published their research in the Journal of Human Evolution in 1972 and 1980. They measured two samples consisting of 26 individuals from pre-dynastic, 12th dynasty and 18th dynasty mummies. They produced a mean index of 66.50.

The overall average of all four sets of ancient Egyptian hair samples was 60.02. Sounds familiar . . ., just check the table!

Since microscopic analysis shows ancient Egyptian hair to be completely African, why does the hair look Caucasoid? Research has given us the answers.


Hair is made of keratin protein. Keratin is composed of amino acid chains called polypeptides. In a hair, two such chains are called cross-chain polypeptides. These are held together by disulphide bonds. The bulk of the hair, the source of its strength and curl, is called the cortex. The hair shafts are made of a protective outer layer called the cuticle.

We are informed by Afro Hair - A Salon Book, that chemicals for bleaching, penning and straightening hair must reach the cortex to be effective. For hair to be permed or straightened the disulphide bonds in the cortex must be broken. The anthropologist Daniel Hardy writing in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, tells us that keratin is stable owing to disulphide bonds. However, when hair is exposed to harsh conditions it can lead to oxidation of protein molecules in the cortex, which leads to the alteration of hair texture, such as straightening.

Two British anthropologists, Brothwell and Spearman, have found evidence of cortex keratin oxidation in ancient Egyptian hair. They held that the mummification process was responsible, because of the strong alkaline substance used. This resulted in the yellowing and browning of hair as well as the straightening effect.

This means that visual appearance of the hair on mummies cannot disguise their racial affinities. The presence of blonde and brown hair on ancient Egyptian mummies has nothing to do with their racial identity and everything to do with mummification and the passage of time.
As the studies have shown, when you put the evidence under a microscope the truth comes out. At last, Egyptology's prayers have been answered. It has been put out of its misery.

Anyone else got anything valid to say about the topic??

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argyle104
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rasol wrote:
--------------------------
actually everyone's on topic except you, as usual...
--------------------------

Now, Now, my intellectual fraud. I merely posted a detail that I noticed about images posted. And your failed disciple brought in a racially charged angle based on his African racial hierarchy dimentia.


If the boy can't stand the heat, then the boy should stay out of the kitchen. This is an intellectual forum where scholarship should be upheld and race mythology scorned.

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argyle104
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I asked Djehuti to define "west" and "central" Africa. And like he always does when asked to be specific he distracts and never gives the detail of what was asked. (See Below)


Djehuti replied:
-----------------------------
Don't need to. Everything was explained to you in the link above as well as actual slave trade routes, dumbass.
-----------------------------


Well if we go by your links Mauritania, Morocco, Mali, and Algeria are not "west" Africa. Which contradicts what you said earlier about them being in "west" Africa. Which is it? Are they in "west" Africa as you said, or are they not in "west" Africa as the links that you say view as your evidence say?


This is the utmost in sloppy scholarship. Did you even go to school?


Well it really doesn't matter Djehuti doesn't it? Because once again you have been discredited as the unscholarly dumbed down simpleton you are.


http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&as_q=algeria&as_epq=north+african+slaves&as_oq=&as_eq=&num=100&lr=&as_filetype=&ft=i&as_sitesearch=&as_qdr=all&as_rights=&as_occt=any&cr=&as_nlo= &as_nhi=&safe=images

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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:

--------------------------
loves to make false accusations of racism against me
--------------------------


Everyone who has been on this forum for a while has seen your demented racial viewpoints. al has called you out on several occasions and supercar has referred to you as a submissive troll.

Your own senior pack leaders have called you out. LOL : )

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Djehuti
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quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:

Let's not let the degenerate its way and get back to the topic as well as logic and sanity...


quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:

I've posted this article from Myra's site before and I'll post it again for relevance:

FOR YEARS, EGYPTOLOGY has been fighting a losing battle to hold onto an ancient Egypt that is Caucasian or, at worst, sun-tanned Caucasian.

At the 1974 UNESCO conference Egyptology was dealt a fatal blow. Two African scholars wiped the floor with 18 world-renowned Egyptologists. They proved in 11 different categories of evidence that the ancient Egyptians were Africans (Black). Following that beating, Egyptology has been on its knees praying to be saved by science. Their last glimmer of hope has been the hair on Egyptian mummies.

The mummies on display in the world's museums exhibit Caucasoid-looking hair, some of it brown and blonde. These mummies include Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao of the 17th dynasty and the 19th dynasty's Rameses II. As one scholar put it: "The most common hair colour, then as now, was a very dark brown, almost black colour although natural auburn and even rather surprisingly blonde hair are also to be found."

Many Black scholars try skillfully to avoid the hair problem. This is a mistake!

In 1914, a white doctor in Detroit initiated divorce proceeding against his wife whom he suspected of being a "closet Negro". At the trial, the Columbia University anthropologist, Professor Franz Boas (1858-1942), was called upon as a race expert. Boas declared: "If this woman has any of the characteristics of the Negro race it would be easy to find them . . . one characteristic that is regarded as reliable is the hair. You can tell by microscopic examination of a cross-section of hair to what race that person belongs."

With this revelation, trichology (the scientific analysis of hair) reached the American public.
But what are these differences?

The cross-section of a hair shaft is measured with an instrument called a trichometer. From this you can get measurements for the minimum and maximum diameter of a hair The minimum measurement is then divided by the maximum and then multiplied by a hundred. This produces an index. A survey of the scientific literature produces the following breakdown:

San, Southern African 55.00

Zulu, Southern African 55.00

Sub-Saharan Africa 60.00

Tasmanian (Black) 64.70

Australian (Black) 68.00

Western European 71.20

Asian Indian 73.00

Navajo American 77.00

Chinese 82.60

In the early 1970s, the Czech anthropologist Eugen Strouhal examined pre-dynastic Egyptian skulls at Cambridge University. He sent some samples of the hair to the Institute of Anthropology at Charles University, Prague, to be analyzed. The hair samples were described as varying in texture from "wavy" to "curly" and in colour from "light brown" to "black". Strouhal summarized the results of the analysis:

"The outline of the cross-sections of the hairs was flattened, with indices ranging from 35 to 65. These peculiarities also show the Negroid inference among the Badarians (pre-dynastic Egyptians)."

The term "Negroid influence" suggests intermixture, but as the table suggests this hair is more "Negroid" than the San and the Zulu samples, currently the most Negroid hair in existence!

In another study, hair samples from ten 18th-25th dynasty individuals produced an average index of 51! As far back as 1877, Dr. Pruner-Bey analyzed six ancient Egyptian hair samples. Their average index of 64.4 was similar to the Tasmanians who lie at the periphery of the African-haired populations(1)
.

A team of Italian anthropologists published their research in the Journal of Human Evolution in 1972 and 1980. They measured two samples consisting of 26 individuals from pre-dynastic, 12th dynasty and 18th dynasty mummies. They produced a mean index of 66.50.

The overall average of all four sets of ancient Egyptian hair samples was 60.02. Sounds familiar . . ., just check the table!

Since microscopic analysis shows ancient Egyptian hair to be completely African, why does the hair look Caucasoid? Research has given us the answers.


Hair is made of keratin protein. Keratin is composed of amino acid chains called polypeptides. In a hair, two such chains are called cross-chain polypeptides. These are held together by disulphide bonds. The bulk of the hair, the source of its strength and curl, is called the cortex. The hair shafts are made of a protective outer layer called the cuticle.

We are informed by Afro Hair - A Salon Book, that chemicals for bleaching, penning and straightening hair must reach the cortex to be effective. For hair to be permed or straightened the disulphide bonds in the cortex must be broken. The anthropologist Daniel Hardy writing in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, tells us that keratin is stable owing to disulphide bonds. However, when hair is exposed to harsh conditions it can lead to oxidation of protein molecules in the cortex, which leads to the alteration of hair texture, such as straightening.

Two British anthropologists, Brothwell and Spearman, have found evidence of cortex keratin oxidation in ancient Egyptian hair. They held that the mummification process was responsible, because of the strong alkaline substance used. This resulted in the yellowing and browning of hair as well as the straightening effect.

This means that visual appearance of the hair on mummies cannot disguise their racial affinities. The presence of blonde and brown hair on ancient Egyptian mummies has nothing to do with their racial identity and everything to do with mummification and the passage of time.
As the studies have shown, when you put the evidence under a microscope the truth comes out. At last, Egyptology's prayers have been answered. It has been put out of its misery.

Anyone else got anything valid to say about the topic??

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Djehuti
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^ Let's not allow the psychotic trolls who are the true racists distract from the topic, which I see now is their true goal.

 -

Notice the hair texture of the African man above is no different from that of many Egyptian mummies. [Smile]

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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:
-----------------------------------
Let's not allow the psychotic trolls who are the true racists distract from the topic, which I see now is their true goal.
-----------------------------------


This from someone who said that if "west" Africans were not dark, then it is because they are admixed.

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Djehuti
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^ Of course if I really said that, you would be able to actually quote me, but anyway...

Anything to add on the topic, someone sane??

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zarahan aka Enrique Cardova
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Let me see if I have all the data you are presenting right.
Based on the environmental factors you mention, hair color
in ancient mummies can be misinterpreted. But I am wondering also
if hair differences are not part of built in African genetic diversity?
Looking again at that Senna research:

(Hrdy 1978- Analysis of Hair Samples of Mummies from Semna South,
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, (1978) 49: 277-262)


Hair samples of Egyptian and Nubian mummies have undergone a number
of studies. ( Pruner-Bey (1877, Virchow (1898), (1899, Brothwell
and Spearman (1963)). Hair color in ancient remains is often influenced
by environmental conditions. Brothwell and Spearman (1963) studied
ancient mummies using a variety of techniques. They found the state of
preservation of the samples closely related to environmental factors of
the burial sites, pointing out that reddish-brown ancient color hair
is usually the result of partial oxidation of the melanin pigment.
(Brothwell. D., and R. Spearman 1963 The hair of earlier peoples.
In: Science in Archaeology. D. Brothwell and E. Higgs, eds.
Thames and Hudeon, London. )

Thus variations in hair color among mummies do not necessarily
suggest the presence of blond or red haired Europeans or Near Easterners
flitting about Egypt before being mummified, but the influence of
environmental factors impacting surviving remains.

Other sources of hair color variation could include the mummification
process with its use of alkalines and sodium, can also bleach surviving
hair samples into various colors ranging from a browning to yellowing,
as also noted by Brothjwell and Spearman. Varying hair color is also
not unusual in Africa. Blondism for example is found in various regions.

The author asserts that Nubians may have had lighter hair in the past
than now, and argues that the samples were better preserved from environmentl
damage. Is this really so, and if there was a lighter haired population,
is that based on race admixture or yet more routine variability in African
populations? It should be noted that a large portion of the Senna sample
had bleaching- the reddish-brown oxidation of melanin - noted by Brothwell
and Spearman, and the author specifically do not rule this out as an
influence on the study.

Curling data showed a pattern intermediate between Northwest European
and African samples. The X-group, especially males, showed more African
elements than the Meroitic in the curling variables.

Seems to me that this intermediate position would not indicate race
admixture or percentages, but simply a data pattern of variation in how
hair curls. This is a routine occurrence within human groups. Among
Europeans for example, some people have curlier hair and some have
straighter hair than others. Various peoples of East and West Africa
also have narrow noses, which are different from other peoples elsewhere
in Africa, nevertheless they still remain Africans. DNA studies also
note greater variation within selected populations that without. Since
Africa has the highest genetic diversity in the world, such routine
variation in characteristics such as hair need not indicate any racial
percentage or admixture, but simply part of the built-in genetic diversity
of the ancient peoples on the continent.

As regards diameter, the study found that the average diameter of the
Semna sample was close to both the Northwest European and East African
samples. This again suggests a range of built-in indigenous variability,
and calls into questions various migration theories to Nubia and the Nile Valley.

As far as the populations most likely to be in Nubia, in 1971 Czech
anthropologist Strouhal asserted that the original Nubian population were
all white Europids, overrun by waves of late-coming blacks. This
view is given great weight in various "Aryan" websites but has has been
thoroughly debunked by modern scholarship. It thus seems unlikely an assortment
of white people would have been waiting patiently in Nubia for blacks to
overrun them, thus creating that there "mixed" pattern of hair.

Another theory given weight on said websites is of native black stock that
was transformed by waves of incoming white people- thus giving rise to all
that "mixed" hair (Northwest Europeans like Germans, Swedes, Danes, Scots etc)
in some versions. This too seems unlikely. Both skeletal and DNA studies i
ndicate that the peoples of the Sahara, Sudan and East Africa have much
closer connections to Nubia and the Nile Valley than Europeans.
See "UNFAIR" below.

Rather than confirm racial percentage or white migration models, the hair
studies seem a confirmation of the OOA model: built-in African genetic
variability giving rise to numerous variations in hair color, texture and
form. This variability would first begin in Africa, spreading to various
parts of the continent, before spreading out to different parts of the globe.

I find that Hrdy's 1978 study seems to hold to a "true Negro" model, in that
variability is viewed as either clustering towards the northwest European
average or "African elements" - in other words, its got to be either black or
white, with "black" or "negroid" defined more narrowly. The study design is
front-loaded using this fundamental underlying assumption, as are other referenced,
defining "negroid" hair in the narrowest terms possible.


When race models are cross-checked against other data, such as the limb
proportion studies noted by Knowledge, the melanin data of Dejuhut, King, etc,
the DNA data presented by Rasol, as well as the various studies by Keita,
built-in indigenous genetic variabilty seems a much more balanced and solid
explanation of hair differences in Nile Valley populations than models that
postulate race percents and admixtures and/or demic diffusion type influxes
of incoming European or Near Eastern colonists.


Interestingly, the author Hrdy in passing also notes that blondism, especially
in young children, is common in many dark-haired populations (e.g.,
Australian, Melanesian), and is still found in some Nubian villages. This
again suggests routine built-in genetic variability in the ancient populations
rather than influxes of Europeans or related populations.


USE OF NORTHWEST EUROPEANS BY KEITA "UNFAIR"?

Some on various websites have argued that that the use of Northwest Europe
as a point of comparison with Africans is "unfair". But when Hrdy above
does it, they do not complain, but embrace any information on "African" hair
being "closer" to that of Europeans, proof of European migration or admixture
into the Dark Continent. They do not complain about the 1993 Clines and
Clusters analysis by Brace which excluded the Maghreb, Sudan and Horn of
Africa from its grouping of "African" peoples, and seemed to suggest a
population relationship between Scandanavians and Horn of Africa peoples.
Indeed, they embrace this methodology.

In his 2005 EARLY NILE VALLEY FARMERS FROM EL-BADARI, Aboriginals or
“European”Agro-Nostratic Immigrants? Craniometric Affinities Considered
With Other Data.) Keita put such methods to the test, testing the notion
of population replacement of ancient African stocks in Egypt (the Badari)
by an influx of ancient European farmers or colonists. What he found was
that no matter how the data algoritm was sliced, the ancient samples
clustered much closer to Saharo-tropical Africans than to the Northwest
European samples. One of his conclusions was that similarities between
African data (skulls, hairs whatever) and others was not due to gene flow,
but a subset of built-in African variability.

The notion of influxes of ancient Euro farmers into the indigenous
populations thus seems a shaky one. Is such testing by Keita "unfair" seeing that the influx
model holds such great sway?

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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:

-----------------------------------
Of course if I really said that, you would be able to actually quote me
-----------------------------------


You fuckin filthy filopeeeeeno heap of dung. There is no way that I'm going to waste time trying to track down your sick racial pathology without a search function.


The fact that your sorry ass is actually lying about what you've said, says even more about what kind of degenerate you are. I called your rat eating ass on it earlier this year.


Pitiful fucker spends all of his time on an African site trying to passively forward his racist agenda given to him by his white masters, who in the past and still to this day still call his backwards ass people niggers.

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Djehuti
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^ LMAO @ the frustration of the pathetic nut short of a fruitcake! Argay, I suggest you join the rest of your pitiful boyfriends here [Big Grin]

Moving on...

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Djehuti
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To Zarahan, the studies about light colored hair or even blondism are not surprising. We know that phaelomelanin, the pigment responsible for color lighter than black in hair is not uncommon among Africans, especially those with wavier hair textures. As for 'blondism', while it is more rare among Africans it still does occur, particularly among young children so the genetic causes may be similar to those of aborigines of the Pacific and Australia where blondism among children is much more common.

Somalian
 -

Egyptians
 -

^ Notice the Somali and Egyptians above have a very suttle tinge of lightness to it where it is not exactly jet-black.


Malian
 -

Ethiopian
 -


^ Now notice the very light colored tips of the girls above. It would not take much for embalming chemicals to bleach the rest.

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zarahan aka Enrique Cardova
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Those are great pics. Living proof of Africa's genetic variability. None of the pics you post need indicate any kind of race mix at all. It seems that Africans vary widely in how they look, just like other people. This simple fact seems hard for many to accept, but there it is in living color.


I am glad you post those pics because the matter of wigs and hairpieces seem to crop up. Many ancient Egyptian wigs use straightish hair, which some claim shows European migrants or mixes, but your pics show that such hair is nothing unusual in the Nile Valley and Sahara, and your reference to how even other dark-haired populations like Australians have these blondism variants shows that they are not at all uncommon among humans as a whole. Seems also that hair was someties dyed using henna and other colorants as noted earlier by someone. So the Egyptians had plenty of material and Nile Valley and Saharan people to use as a source for their wigs, without needing any hordes of invading Caucasoids to provide hair diversity.

More on wigs and hair:
http://www.geocities.com/nilevalleypeoples/nilevalleyhair.htm

"Egyptian practice of putting locks of hair in mummy wrappings. Racial analysis is also made problematic by the Egyptian practice of burying hair, in many "votive or funerary deposits buried separately from the body, a practice found from Predynastic to Roman times despite its frequent omission from excavation reports." (Fletcher 2002) In examining hair samples Fletcher (2004) notes that care is needed to determine what is natural scalp hair, versus hair from a wig, versus hair extensions to natural locks. Tracking the exact source of hair is also critical since the Egyptians were known to have placed locks of hair from different sources among mummy wrappings. (The Search for Nefertiti, By Joann Fletcher, HarperCollins, 2004, p. 93-94, 96)"

"Many Egyptian wigs have been found with what is defined as straighter 'cynotrichous' hair, perhaps imported from elsewhere to make the wigs or procured locally. Tomb finds show Nubians themselves wearing wigs of straight hair. But one Nubian from the Royal valley, of the 12th century, named Maherpra, was found to be wearing a wig himself, made up of tightly curled 'negroid' hair, on top of his natural covering (Fletcher 2002). The so-called "Nubian wig" also appears in Egyptian art relief's depicting daily life, a stylistic arrangement thought to imitate those found in southern Egypt or Nubia.

"Such wigs appear to have been popular with both Egyptians and Nubians. Fletcher 2004 notes that the famous queen Nefertiti made frequent use of the Nubian wig: "Nefertiti and her daughter seem to have set a trend for wearing the Nubian wig.. a coiffure first worn by Nubian mercenaries and clearly associated with the military." A detail of a wall scene in Theban tomb TT.55 shows the queen wearing the Nubian wig."

 -

Nubian infantrymen shown with distinctive Nubian wig. From Deir el-Bahri, Temple of Hatshepsut New Kingdom, Eighteenth Dynasty, 1480 B.C.


Also:
http://exploring-africa.blogspot.com/2008/10/do-nile-valley-hairdos-remind-you-of.html

shows the egyptians were into hair weaves, braiding, extensions etc, etc..

--------------------
Note: I am not an "Egyptologist" as claimed by some still bitter, defeated, trolls creating fake profiles and posts elsewhere. Hapless losers, you still fail. My output of hard data debunking racist nonsense has actually INCREASED since you began..

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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:
-----------------------------
Show me historic evidence of slaves being imported from those countries to America.
-----------------------------


I'm making you look dumber and dumber with each reply.


North Africa

http://google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&suggon=0&as_qdr=all&q=%22slaves+from+northern+africa%22+americas


Berbers

http://google.com/search?as_q=america&hl=en&suggon=0&num=100&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=berber+slaves&as_oq=&as_eq=&lr=&cr=&as_ft=i&as_filetype=&as_qdr=all&as_nlo=&as_nhi=&as_occt=a ny&as_d t=i&as_sitesearch=&as_rights=&safe=images]http://www.google.com/search?as_q=america&hl=en&suggon=0&num=100&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=berber+slaves&as_oq=&as_eq=&lr=&cr=&as_ft=i&as_ filetype=&as_qdr=all&as_nlo=&as_nhi=&as_oc ct=any&as_dt=i&as_sitesearch=&as_rights=&safe=images


Southern Africans

http://google.com/search?hl=en&suggon=0&as_q=&as_epq=slaves+from+southern+africa&as_oq=&as_eq=&num=10&lr=&as_filetype=&ft=i&as_sitesearch=&as_qdr=all&as_rights=&as_occt=any&cr=&as_ nlo=&as _nhi=&safe=images


Ethiopians

http://web.syr.edu/~affellem/napti.html


East Africans

http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol5/number1/v5n1r1.php
(east african slaves in new york)

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rasol
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quote:
Those are great pics. Living proof of Africa's genetic variability. None of the pics you post need indicate any kind of race mix at all. It seems that Africans vary widely in how they look, just like other people. This simple fact seems hard for many to accept, but there it is in living color.
^ As Africa is the base source for all humans, then of course this is the case.
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zarahan aka Enrique Cardova
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Quite true. It would also cover the "red hair" of the mummy of Rameses, given so much weight on certain websites.

They usually refer to a 1980s analysis of Rameses, which found evidence of dyeing to make the hair red, but some elements were untouched by the dye. They concluded that this was red hair on the basis of the presence of pheomelanin. However, pheomelanin conditions, particularly its association with sulfur, can also be found in persons with dark brown or even black hair as well, which gives it a reddish hue. (Jolle 1996). Thus the red hair discovered on Rameses is within the range of dark-haired people, and common human population genetics flowing from original African sources.

Most "red" hair is found in northern and western Europe, and even then it appears in minor frequencies within Europe - some 4% of the population. So it unlikely such folks would be flitting in and out of Egypt to create red haired caucasoid pharoahs.

The study did not find 'European" red hair, a point missed on these websites but the overall
colour being a light fair red with some tendency towards yellow. In otherwordsm reddish-yellow, not "European" red. Claims of incoming Swedes or Germans are thus quite dubious.


The Rameses analysis referenced also found the hair to be cymotrich or wavy. This was pounced on by various Aryan analysts as "proving" non-African origins in favor or Nordic parentage. But isnt wavy hair again a characteristic quite within the range of overall African or Nile valley physical and genetic diversity? A "pure" Nordic or white straight hair was not found as should be expected under assorted Aryan models.

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argyle104
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Knowledgeiskey718........


You asked for a scholarly beatdown?


Well you got it in the form of my dismantling the intellectually challenged Djehuti. : )


ha ha ha heeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee!!!!

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argyle104
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Err umm Djehuti the below further cement you as a dullard and a braindead racist. Wonder what kind of strawman he will use to counter the evidence and facts below.


white people
http://archive.salon.com/books/it/2000/06/15/white_slaves/

West Asians
http://toptraveldealz.com/bermuda/bermuda-history.html

Turks
http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=%22turkish+slaves%22+america

Indians
http://google.com/search?as_q=america&hl=en&suggon=0&num=100&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=east+indian+slaves&as_oq=&as_eq=&lr=&cr=&as_ft=i&as_filetype=&as_qdr=all&as_nlo=&as_nhi=&as_o cct=any &as_dt=i&as_sitesearch=&as_rights=&safe=images

Japanese
http://google.com/search?as_q=&hl=en&suggon=0&num=100&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=japanese+slaves&as_oq=&as_eq=&lr=&cr=&as_ft=i&as_filetype=&as_qdr=all&as_nlo=&as_nhi=&as_occt=any&as _dt=i&a s_sitesearch=&as_rights=&safe=images

Chinese
http://google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&suggon=0&as_qdr=all&q=+%22chinese+slaves%22+%22latin+america%22&btnG=Search

Persians
http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=%22persian+slaves%22+america

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Djehuti
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^ Ignoring the idiocy, let's continue...
quote:
Originally posted by zarahan:

Those are great pics. Living proof of Africa's genetic variability. None of the pics you post need indicate any kind of race mix at all. It seems that Africans vary widely in how they look, just like other people. This simple fact seems hard for many to accept, but there it is in living color.

I am glad you post those pics because the matter of wigs and hairpieces seem to crop up. Many ancient Egyptian wigs use straightish hair, which some claim shows European migrants or mixes, but your pics show that such hair is nothing unusual in the Nile Valley and Sahara, and your reference to how even other dark-haired populations like Australians have these blondism variants shows that they are not at all uncommon among humans as a whole. Seems also that hair was someties dyed using henna and other colorants as noted earlier by someone. So the Egyptians had plenty of material and Nile Valley and Saharan people to use as a source for their wigs, without needing any hordes of invading Caucasoids to provide hair diversity.

More on wigs and hair:
http://www.geocities.com/nilevalleypeoples/nilevalleyhair.htm

"Egyptian practice of putting locks of hair in mummy wrappings. Racial analysis is also made problematic by the Egyptian practice of burying hair, in many "votive or funerary deposits buried separately from the body, a practice found from Predynastic to Roman times despite its frequent omission from excavation reports." (Fletcher 2002) In examining hair samples Fletcher (2004) notes that care is needed to determine what is natural scalp hair, versus hair from a wig, versus hair extensions to natural locks. Tracking the exact source of hair is also critical since the Egyptians were known to have placed locks of hair from different sources among mummy wrappings. (The Search for Nefertiti, By Joann Fletcher, HarperCollins, 2004, p. 93-94, 96)"

"Many Egyptian wigs have been found with what is defined as straighter 'cynotrichous' hair, perhaps imported from elsewhere to make the wigs or procured locally. Tomb finds show Nubians themselves wearing wigs of straight hair. But one Nubian from the Royal valley, of the 12th century, named Maherpra, was found to be wearing a wig himself, made up of tightly curled 'negroid' hair, on top of his natural covering (Fletcher 2002). The so-called "Nubian wig" also appears in Egyptian art relief's depicting daily life, a stylistic arrangement thought to imitate those found in southern Egypt or Nubia.

"Such wigs appear to have been popular with both Egyptians and Nubians. Fletcher 2004 notes that the famous queen Nefertiti made frequent use of the Nubian wig: "Nefertiti and her daughter seem to have set a trend for wearing the Nubian wig.. a coiffure first worn by Nubian mercenaries and clearly associated with the military." A detail of a wall scene in Theban tomb TT.55 shows the queen wearing the Nubian wig."

 -

Nubian infantrymen shown with distinctive Nubian wig. From Deir el-Bahri, Temple of Hatshepsut New Kingdom, Eighteenth Dynasty, 1480 B.C.


Also:
http://exploring-africa.blogspot.com/2008/10/do-nile-valley-hairdos-remind-you-of.html

shows the egyptians were into hair weaves, braiding, extensions etc, etc..

Actually, what alot of people don't know is that wigs that give a slick, straight-haired appearance is not even hair at all but made from plant fibers. I was surprised years ago to learn that such wigs were also worn among West African peoples as par examplar the Wolof of Senegal from Diop's Origins book. The Wolof and other wigs bear a striking resemblance to the Egyptians, even the plant fiber ones that give a straight haired appearance. I am willing to bet that such a common tradition between Egyptians and West Africans stems from shared Saharan origins.

quote:
Quite true. It would also cover the "red hair" of the mummy of Rameses, given so much weight on certain websites.

They usually refer to a 1980s analysis of Rameses, which found evidence of dyeing to make the hair red, but some elements were untouched by the dye. They concluded that this was red hair on the basis of the presence of pheomelanin. However, pheomelanin conditions, particularly its association with sulfur, can also be found in persons with dark brown or even black hair as well, which gives it a reddish hue. (Jolle 1996). Thus the red hair discovered on Rameses is within the range of dark-haired people, and common human population genetics flowing from original African sources.

Most "red" hair is found in northern and western Europe, and even then it appears in minor frequencies within Europe - some 4% of the population. So it unlikely such folks would be flitting in and out of Egypt to create red haired caucasoid pharoahs.

The study did not find 'European" red hair, a point missed on these websites but the overall
colour being a light fair red with some tendency towards yellow. In otherwordsm reddish-yellow, not "European" red. Claims of incoming Swedes or Germans are thus quite dubious.

The Rameses analysis referenced also found the hair to be cymotrich or wavy. This was pounced on by various Aryan analysts as "proving" non-African origins in favor or Nordic parentage. But isnt wavy hair again a characteristic quite within the range of overall African or Nile valley physical and genetic diversity? A "pure" Nordic or white straight hair was not found as should be expected under assorted Aryan models.

^ Correct. Add the minimal phaelomelanin naturally found in the hair with the info I gave above about how embalming chemicals used in mummification plus the centuries of super-dry conditions, and you can see how Africans with a slight brownish or reddish tinge to their hair can be fully 'red-head' or even 'blonde' when their mummies are exhumed millennia later.
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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:

-------------------------------
Ignoring the idiocy
-------------------------------


Translation: I have been defeated intellectually. I believe that only sub-saharan negroids were slaves and not the caucasoids whom I like. I had my "fantasy wishfull thinking" as my only evidence.

Argyle has presented hardcore evidence that thouroughly debunks my race mythology. I am humiliated since I cannot counter the facts that Argyle has bestowed upon this forum. I will now try my damnest to run away and avoid further exposure of my racist beliefs.

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zarahan aka Enrique Cardova
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Djehuti quote:

Actually, what alot of people don't know is that wigs that give a slick, straight-haired appearance is not even hair at all but made from plant fibers. I was surprised years ago to learn that such wigs were also worn among West African peoples as par examplar the Wolof of Senegal from Diop's Origins book. The Wolof and other wigs bear a striking resemblance to the Egyptians, even the plant fiber ones that give a straight haired appearance. I am willing to bet that such a common tradition between Egyptians and West Africans stems from shared Saharan origins.

Looking at the Nubian wigs, and the styles borrowed from the Nubian military men by even Neferti, I have no doubt that it is so with other areas, like the Sahara. I think the book by Toby Wilkinson (Toby A. H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge, 1999) backs you up as he shows how many Saharan styles, motifs and icons show up also in Egyptian art and representations.


Another piece of data to the pie:

The presence of all that straight hair in wigs, apart from the African genetic variability that could have made such hair a routine occurrence, could also be simply linked with imports of varying types of hair. Looking at one of the articles:


Fletcher (2002) shows that many Egyptian wigs have been found with what is defined as straighter 'cynotrichous' hair. This however is hardly a marker of massive European or Near Eastern presence or admixture. Fletcher notes that the Egyptians often eschewed their own personal hair, shaving carefully and using wigs widely. The hair for these wigs was often obtained through trade. Indeed, according to Fletcher, "hair itself being a valuable commodity ranked alongside gold and incense in account lists from the town of Kahun."

Egyptian trading links with other regions is well known, and a commodity like straighter 'cynotrichous' hair could have been easily obtained via the Sahara, Levant, the Maghreb, Mediterranean contacts, or even the hair of Asiatic war captives or casulaties from Egypt's numerous conflicts. There is thus little need to postulate mass influxes of European admixtures or populations to account for the hair types in wigs. If it wasn't local, it could have been easily gotten through a booming trade.

--------------------
Note: I am not an "Egyptologist" as claimed by some still bitter, defeated, trolls creating fake profiles and posts elsewhere. Hapless losers, you still fail. My output of hard data debunking racist nonsense has actually INCREASED since you began..

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Djehuti
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^ LOL So basically the Egyptians like many black people today just had their weaves and wigs made from imported hair.
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argyle104
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Djehuti wrote:

----------------------------
^ LOL So basically the Egyptians like many black people today just had their weaves and wigs made from imported hair.
----------------------------


Look at this vile filthy foreigner laughing and mocking black people.


Folks I told you this sick depraved bastard hangs out at the white supremacists sites.


Why don't you just leave Africans and black people alone you freak?

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zarahan aka Enrique Cardova
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quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:
^ LOL So basically the Egyptians like many black people today just had their weaves and wigs made from imported hair.

lol.. SWEET IRONY! Some things apparently
haven't changed much.

PS: Throwing out this question. Some have
attempted to claim Rameses got his "red" hair
from the Berbers. Aside from the shaky or non-
existent evidence that Ramesees or his father
came from any Berber tribe or people, don't the
Berbers themselves have a genetic link with
other Africans? I saw a page here sometime ago.
Was it E1a or b? that linked them up?

Also Paoli had some old blood typing data
linking ancient Egyptians to black Haratin of the Sahara.
Arent they Berber too?


Seems to me that any attempt to play a "Berber
card" to sustain the caucasoid race percent
model would still come up a losing hand.

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rasol
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quote:

Also Paoli had some old blood typing data
linking ancient Egyptians to black Haratin of the Sahara.
Arent they Berber too?

Berber is a language group native to Africa, it's not - as Eurocentrists have tried to imply - "and ancient race of native white africans"

Here is the definitive Egyptsearch Berber thread:

http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/Forum8/HTML/001029.html

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Whatbox
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quote:
Originally posted by argyle104:
Djehuti wrote:

quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:
^ LOL So basically the Egyptians like many black people today just had their weaves and wigs made from imported hair.


^Yeap. He sure loves to point out what Kemet had in common with modern and contemporary Africans/blacks. To the detriment of racist imposters like yourself.
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argyle104
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Alive-(What Box) aka Jeeves wrote:

------------------------------

------------------------------


No you spooky tooth cretin, I'm not one of those people who is so desperate for Ancient Egypt that I'm going to allow some racist foreigner to mock and demean Africans or "blacks" just because he says something about Ancient Egypt being African.


Keebler Teeth, let me repeat myself
-----------------------------
I told you these people believe in racial hierarchies both outside of Africa and within.


You see the white man considers Ancient Egypt to be the only thing of value in Africa. So people like rasol, knowledgeiskey, and Djehuti revolve their life around it.

The white man in order to claim Ancient Egypt needs to claim other Africans in order to make their grab for AE look legitimate. Therefore Djehuti, Knowledgeiskey, and rasol come out of the woodwork to defend those people.


The white man also needs to set up a juxtaposition with another group of people so he can say "see we look more like the Ancient Egyptians than those people, therefore we are related to the AEs". Which is why Djehuti and Knowledgeiskey are racist against those Africans.
-----------------------------

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Djehuti
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quote:
Originally posted by zarahan:

PS: Throwing out this question. Some have
attempted to claim Rameses got his "red" hair
from the Berbers. Aside from the shaky or non-
existent evidence that Ramesees or his father
came from any Berber tribe or people, don't the
Berbers themselves have a genetic link with
other Africans? I saw a page here sometime ago.
Was it E1a or b? that linked them up?

Rasol answered your questions above with the link. 'Berber' is a branch of the Afrasian language phylum and like most other branches is native to Africa only. Also, most Berber speakers are black and even those groups who inhabit the Mediterranean coast are at best mixed looking with dark features while white Berbers with red or blonde hair like the Kabyle or Rif are only a small minority. The lineages that usually tie Berbers to other Africans are paternal haplogroups like E3b, but older ones like E2 and A also exist. Even many white Berbers carry these African lineages while possessing high frequencies of European maternal lineages which explains their 'white' appearance.

quote:
Also Paoli had some old blood typing data linking ancient Egyptians to black Haratin of the Sahara. Arent they Berber too?
Yes, the Haratin are Berbers of Morocco, just as the Jerba are Berbers of Tunisia, Tuareg are Berber of Algeria, and Siwa are Berbers of Egypt--all of whom are black.

quote:
Seems to me that any attempt to play a "Berber card" to sustain the caucasoid race percent model would still come up a losing hand.
As I just showed above, it certainly does!
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zarahan aka Enrique Cardova
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^^Outstanding links and info.

Looking up Berbers, Looked up a book mentioned by Rasol, 'the berbers' which says that the original Saharans were 'negroid' and left behind their distinctive art and iconography in rock carvings and art. QUOTE:

"The really original aspect of the North African prehistoric cultures is evident not on the Mediterranean coast but in the Sahara, in the highlands of Tibesti and Tassili, the Hoggar and west to the Atlantic coast. In these areas, and to a lesser extent in Kabylia and the Saharan Atlas, are found numerous elaborate rock carvings and paintings. From these we can deduce much.. A neolithic civilization combining fishing with stock raising grew up here whose connections are far closer to the Sudan than to the Capsian to the north. The people were negroid, as both their rare skeletons and the splendid frescoes they painted on the cliffs of the Tassili range demonstrate."


It also claims that said native peoples were overrun by incoming Caucasoid Mediterraneans who brought horses and chariots with them, and that around the end of the second millenium, the Saharan rock art changed from largely pastoral scenes to show the coming of alien white invaders who appear as: QUOTE:

"elongated white men with characteristic long hair and pointed beards. Some confirmation of this racial shift comes from physical anthropology, although the skeletons seem to show closer resemblance to groups from the upper Nile Valley than to contemporary material from the Maghreb."

What is interesting is that the frescoes that supposedly show this white invasion, are backed up anthropologically by skeletal material from the Upper Nile Valley, in other words, Southern Egyptians, not Libyans or Mediterranean Caucasoids. Of course as we know, it is in this area that Keita et al shows cranio-skeletal material that matches a tropical African pattern. The limb proportion studies of Zakrzewski also confirm Keita's data. Hence those "long haired" chariot drivers or horsemen need not be incoming white people at all, but good old Nile Valley African stock, since the backup skeletal evidence noted by the authors themselves, resembles the "darker" areas of Egypt. Makes one skeptical of the author's claimed "racial shift".

The Long-hair is interesting because it again shows the diversity of peoples and styles in Africa. Both Nubians and Egyptians themselves wore wigs of long hair, andhair was a routine trade item in Egypt. So the "elongated white men" with the long hair might simply have been your average elongated Africans wearing some hair pieces.

Seems also questionable whether the frescoes actually depict "invasions" or "conquests". It is a possibility, but why not also the presence of other Saharan or perhaps Egyptian groups looking to trade or something? Hell, they may have come to buy hair for new wigs!

--------------------
Note: I am not an "Egyptologist" as claimed by some still bitter, defeated, trolls creating fake profiles and posts elsewhere. Hapless losers, you still fail. My output of hard data debunking racist nonsense has actually INCREASED since you began..

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argyle104
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zarahan wrote:

-------------------------------
-------------------------------

Quiet sockpuppet!

Shalle we call you socko? : )

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