posted
Some of you may remember my cofuffle with the Sage on Cleoptra. Initially I was flip flopping on getting her ethnicity right, whether she was African or not. As usual I came out on top on that one but it was a learning experience for me. Why?
I learned that the Pytolomies freely married local women.....and for many generations ....within the Greek "royalty" contrary to what the "experts" said. Of course Cleoptra being a descendant of the African presence in her blood line for at least 2 prior generations. Her blood sister was recently confirmed to be "negroid"
So I ask again. Can we distinguished ancient Greeks from Africans?
It seems like they left no genetic trace in Africa. Am I wrong?
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posted
Irish pointed out that the dental morphology of the Greeks and Romans in Egypt was different to the indigenous population.
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posted
Come on Lioness...I asked for research scientific papers.
We know there is a lot of fake stuff out there. Plus documented lies ...in books...as kdolo pointed out.
@Tropicals is on point. Source ? As you know by now, I don't take anyone's word for it. It is a start ....where is the study. Angel found a lot of Greek skulls were Negroid.
"People of Lerna"
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posted
The end game is to confirm Greek presence in Egypt.
Central Asians , I mean, Europeans lie!!!!
I 2nd guess anything written by Europeans especially in "their" history books. Science don't lie....it can be twisted or misread.
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posted
E-mail correspondence re-iterating some of the points he made in one of the lectures I've attended. I spoke with him afterwards.
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posted
Any study proving Greek or at least non-African presence in Egypt. We know there is African presence in Greece. What about Romans in Africa.
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posted
Tropicals, you are not giving me anything to work with here.
Who is "he"?
What email? When? Give me something I can follow up on.
Those mysterious emails again......
quote:Originally posted by tropicals redacted: E-mail correspondence re-iterating some of the points he made in one of the lectures I've attended. I spoke with him afterwards.
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posted
Maybe someone can help me out here. The idea came to mind in that thread on ”foreign ancestry in modern Egyptians”. DJ (the ahem) made statement but as usual cannot back it up. So…I could not find any study.
What is the percentage of EUROPEAN ancestry in modern Egypt. A lot of posters repeatedly state that Egyptians were infiltrated by Greeks, Romans, Persian etc. We got the Ottoman Turks out of the way.
So …are there any studies isolating “Romans” and “Greeks” IN Egypt. Notabley along the male lines. Since female hg-H is resolved.
Why am I asking this? I need to dis-confirm the “separate identity” of ancient Greeks and Romans compared to Africans. It is really odd to me that to this day no aDNA has been published on ancient Romans and Greeks. I remember one was done but the results were not made available. We know that modern Greeks carry at least 25% yDNA PN2 plus the African(SSA) version sickle cell gene.
Where am I going with this? Can we really distingish or diffrentiate ancient Greeks and Africans? Forget about what the “history” book tell us. WE KNOW EUROPEAN HISTORY BOOKS ARE FILLED WITH LIES.
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: <<< If you can't make your point w/o name calling then fuhgeddaboudid >>>
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posted
So am I correct in saying there is no genetic evidence of "Europeans("Greeks/Romans) leaving their genetic foorprint in Egypt.
we know the Greeks had a heavy African presence and this is borne out to this day with the SSA version of sickle cell and PN2.
Alternatively the Greeks were mostly Africans ? - That would explain the lack of "European" presence in Egypt.
Some may try to use Kellis 2 as a evidence, but these were females. I don't think the European men would be too happy if their "white" women were extending their "searches deep" into inner Africa. Too many Dylan roofs. mtDNA hg-H is African. An African origin, part of the Neolithic package.
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posted
I see no mention of these people being possibly “Romans” and ”Greeks”. This basically just confirmed what I said all along about Kellis 2. These are indigenous Africans.
So I ask again ..were ancient Greeks predominantly modern day Europeans. Sources??
================
Quote:
I said no Kellis 2..but…let look at what was offered
Dental Morphological Analysis of Roman Era Burials from the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt - Scott Donald Haddow
Institute of Archaeology University College London PhD Thesis 2012
Ismant el-Kharab (ancient Kellis) is an archaeological site in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, which dates from the late Ptolemaic to the late Roman period. Previous studies of skeletal material from Kellis and other oasis sites suggest that the ancient population of the Dakhleh Oasis was largely homogenous and inbred as a result of geographic isolation. Archaeological and textual evidence however, indicates a record of contact with the Nile Valley and regions further afield since the Neolithic. In order to test these apparently conflicting narratives, descriptive and multivariate statistical methods are employed in an analysis of heritable dental morphological variants in 186 individuals from Kellis. Variation in dental morphological trait frequencies are commonly used in biological distance studies to assess phonetic relationships between groups. The present study has two main components: 1) an intra-cemetery assessment of inter-sex and inter-group morphological variation in order to identify related individuals within the Kellis 2 cemetery and provide evidence for post-marital residence patterns; and 2) an interregional comparison between the Kellis skeletal assemblage and groups from Egypt, Nubia, North and Sub-Saharan Africa in order to place the ancient Dakhleh Oasis population within a broader regional context. The results of the intra-cemetery analysis demonstrate low levels of inter-sex phenetic variation consistent with an isolated and possibly interbred population. Spatial analysis within the Kellis 2 cemetery has tentatively identified one area containing individuals with distinctive dental trait frequencies. This may indicate a kin-structured area of the cemetery, or alternatively, an area reserved for individuals who are not native to the Dakhleh Oasis. The results of the inter-regional comparison of trait frequencies demonstrate an overall affinity with North African populations, especially with several early Upper Egyptian and contemporary Lower Nubian groups. Despite these similarities, however, the Kellis assemblage remains relatively distinct in relation to the comparative groups. This is consistent with a geographically isolated population experiencing limited gene-flow.
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posted
ancient Greeks were NOT much related to modern Euros.
ancient Greeks were a "mulatto" and "mulatto/black" peoples.....
a mix of the original Black inhabitants from Africa and then later mixed with invaders ...Dorian, etc...
the modern Greek Euro is mostly descended from the central asian babarians who entered Europe precipitating the fall of Rome...and then Turk.
lets look at the provenance of the art work chosen by liarness to show "Greekness" - Artemision Bronze
apparently, this alleged statue of a "Greek God" was discovered in the same ship wreck as this "The Jockey of Artemesion"
according to art experts, "The horse dwarfs its jockey, a boy only 84 centimetres (2.76 ft) tall and perhaps 10 years old, possibly from Africa based on his physiognomy and original black patinated surface colouring. His hairstyle, however, is Greek, suggesting a mixed heritage.[1] " (wiki)
So, we have an "African" featured and colored boy in Greek dress. What basis is there for the conclusion that he is African ???
He is Greek and styled as a Greek and looked like most Greeks ..... a physiognomy reflecting his original African roots mixed with new comers from the invasions. As you can see, the statue has significantly more "wear and tear" than the "Artemision Bronze".
The "Artemision Bronze" because it purported to show a Geek God, probably had its original "Black/African" looking head replaced doing restoration with a head that looks like how Whites wish Classical Greeks looked.
.....this has been done before ....
if you notice, the "Artemision Bronze is very clean ....polished even ...how can that be when it is from the same wreck....it has been tampered with....the head is fake
Greeks of antiquity looked little how they looked today, and nothing like how thay are portrayed in hollywood movies. Brad Pitt - Achilles -ridiculous.
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posted
Nothing?! So can I safely concluded that Ancient Greek were black/brown people very similar to Africans. And there is no genetic or scientific evidence to disprove that conclusion ....aside from what is "written" in history books.
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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Man am I tired of this kind of bullshit. "White people added" my black ass. You cannot prove that one way or another. It's just some Dr. Feelgood misrep to bolster your own racial low self-esteem.
Why not examine the entire scene, all of its panels as was done here years ago, and compare to see what guided the restorations?
Clearly these women's colour is pallid. To me, this likely presents springy lock haired Libyan men and African acculturated Aegean women.
Posts: 8675 | From: Tukuler al~Takruri as Ardo since OCT2014 | Registered: Feb 2003
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Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
posted
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: Nothing...??
Man am I tired of this kind of bullshit. "White people added" my black ass. You cannot prove that one way or another. It's just some Dr. Feelgood misrep to bolster your own low racial-esteem.
Why not examine the entire scene, all of its panels as was done here years ago, and compare to see what guided the restorations?
Clearly these women's colour is pallid. To me, this likely presents springy lock haired Libyan men and African acculturated Aegean women. Judging by their boar tusk helmets the armed men are Greek mainlanders tilting the balance of power for their allies.
Also there's a procession panel (not part of the boat house panels) where the feet of the women show they were predominantly dark with a light minority.
BTW ancient Minoans were not Greeks.
[ 23. June 2015, 09:14 AM: Message edited by: ausar ]
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posted
Ok. Enough of the picture spamming. Any studies proving the ancient Greeks or Romans are non-Africans.
No one has presented anything. TR referenced Irish,through "personal" email.
And Sage just bolstered my point. Black skin was the dominant skin tone in ancient southern Europe.
Anyone can prove otherwise ?
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quote:Originally posted by Tukuler: [QUOTE]Originally posted by xyyman: [qb] Nothing...??
BTW ancient Minoans were not Greeks.
You can easily tell the fake sections of the piece vs the "retouched" added portions.
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posted
Oh! I don't need to step on someone to feel good. I have a god complex remember. I get my jollies from smashing the lies. So I ask again, ANYONE!!!!, can you prove the Greeks were predominantly non _ black or atypical from Africans. I no you like to cite your "books". But let's use scientific sources this time around.
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posted
@King.I not really into spamming and "features". Since many times what you see on TV and magazines is not representative of the general populace plus, these images are " selected " with bias. I find that an objective scientific study is the lesser of two evils.
So what a modern day Greek look like is irrelevant compared to a portrait of Greeks ~>1000bc
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posted
Come on young man. You still haven't given me anything. 100 or 5000 people or emails, dont mean shyte. What you are saying was published? I quoted Ptolemic period Kellis 2 as being pure African. The dental study confirms that. Did Irish state otherwise....,to 300 people (sic). Sage your "black ass" got anything?
Can we conclude that based up dental measurements, the Greeks of Kellis 2 are Africans? (Insert sarcasm-I think).
posted
What about you AMRTU, where is your scientific evidence modern Egytptians are heavily admixed with Europeans. Notable Greeks and Romans. All I see evidence is that they admixed with Turks.
ANYONE!!! Please talk me off the ledge. Tell me I am blowing smoke, enlighten me.
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posted
Why do I feel I am a man amongst boys. An example was that popular picture of Alexander The Great posted all over the web. I am not an expert on history but I am expert on common sense. Only when Lioness was boxed in he admitted that the picture was fake. It was commissioned 500years!!!!, yes, 500years after his death. Now, did they have cameras back then, how did the artist know what Alexander look like. Alexander lived 500years before the artist was born., in fact everyone living then was not alive with Akexander.
Why was he buried in Africa? Why are so many European and noble carry non-European genetic profile?
Why the Minoans represent themselves as black/brown?
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Hahaha,nice thread xyman.don't also forget they added white people in North African rock paintings..white people are degenerate liars..but what is funny one of the rock paintings I saw ones shows white people wearing medieval clothing style(they are so stupid). Of course they mixed with Africans.how can you explain the fact that classical Greek is full of kalenjin words(40%).There must have been contact between the two groups,most probably in ancient egypt.Those are kalenjin nilotic root words in classical Greek and not Greek words in kalenjin.
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Hahaha,nice thread xyman.don't also forget they added white people in North African rock paintings..white people are degenerate liars..but what is funny one of the rock paintings I saw ones shows white people wearing medieval clothing style(they are so stupid). Of course they mixed with Africans.how can you explain the fact that classical Greek is full of kalenjin words(40%).There must have been contact between the two groups,most probably in ancient egypt.Those are kalenjin nilotic root words in classical Greek and not Greek words in kalenjin.
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posted
That's right be bored, that's what happens when there is nothing to add , no counter argue ....just "trust me" ." I know what I am talking about". Lol.
For your information Joel Irish said no such thing. Do you want to know why?
You people are so easy to fugch...
quote:Originally posted by tropicals redacted: Yawn.
quote:Come on young man. You still haven't given me anything. 100 or 5000 people or emails, dont mean shyte. What you are saying was published?
Hey, if you don't want to listen and ramble inanities to yourself in cyberspace then that's up to you.
The Greeks were a distinct people in Africa.
The End.
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The dolo get's to a point where it just becomes ridiculous.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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^^^ this article says " My evidence is circumstantial"
that means it's not proof
quote:Originally posted by kdolo:
The other....too clean to be an ancient bronze....another fake.
that is total bullshit
do you know that sometimes statues are cleaned ?
You don't know anything
Emile Gilliéron père (Swiss, 1850–1924), Electrotype reproduction of the gold "Mask of Agamemnon" from Mycenae, ca. 1906. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Dodge Fund, 1906 (06.224)
quote:The gold Mask of Agamemnon was discovered in 1876 by Heinrich Schliemann during his excavations at Mycenae in Greece. It was found covering the face of a body in a burial shaft (grave V, Grave Circle A).
Schliemann supposedly telegrammed a Greek newspaper when he first saw the mask with the line "I have gazed on the face of Agamemnon". In fact, he never identified it as belonging to Agamemnon (the legendary Greek leader during the Trojan War who tradition says was buried at Mycenae), but it became associated with the hero as it was the finest of 5 funerary masks found in the graves of Mycenean leaders.
The mask dates to about 1550–1500 BC, about 300 years earlier than the traditional date for Agamemnon.
The mask is displayed in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens and a replica is housed at Mycenae.
quote:However, modern researchers and archaeologists are of the opinion that the mask dates from an era much before the life and reign of Agamemnon. Whatever the case is, this mask is crafted out of pure gold and such masks were put on the faces of deceased kings and royal people.
Basically all sources I've looked up, say the same. It predates Agamemnon's period. So it's not related.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness. [/URL] World Skin Tone Chart
-also depending on amount of time a population has been living at a particular latitude
The dolo get's to a point where it just becomes ridiculous. [/QB]
so you are of the opinion that skin tone has no relation to a popualtion's long term proximity to the equator ?
Posts: 42930 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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The dolo get's to a point where it just becomes ridiculous. [/QB]
so you are of the opinion that skin tone has no relation to a popualtion's long term proximity to the equator ? [/QB]
I am of the opinion that what you type and fetch as truth is mostly pure B.S..
quote: In this study, we investigated the most likely origin of haplogroup L lineages of African origin in Europe. Given the criteria of autochthony used coupled with the results yielded by the analysis of ancestry based on AIMs, we could rule out (at least in our samples) the bias that recent immigrants could have introduced in the results.
A large proportion (65%) of the African-European mtDNAs investigated could be attributed to modern and well-documented demographic routes that existed during the Romanization period, the Arab conquest, and the trans-Atlantic slave trade. However, there is strong evidence pointing to the fact that the remaining 35% of the L-European mtDNAs stand as modern witnesses of sporadic population movements occurring between the two continents that might have begun as early as 11,000 yr ago (Fig. 5). These contacts were not only restricted to North Africa, but connected sub-Saharan regions to Europe directly via coastal routes or first crossing North African territories toward the Mediterranean Sea.
Previous studies (Achilli et al. 2005; Ottoni et al. 2010; Pereira et al. 2010) provided evidences of mtDNA flow from Europe toward North Africa during the Holocene; thus, North Africa would represent the Southern African edge of post–Last Glacial Maximum expansions spreading from European refugee. Here, we show, for the first time, genetic evidence signaling prehistorical movements in the opposite direction, from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe. It is likely that most of the signals in the nuclear genome of this ancestral gene admixture between African immigrants and local Europeans had been erased by historical recombination and genetic drift. Therefore, as demonstrated in the present study, the mtDNA genome (and perhaps the Y chromosome) (Capelli et al. 2009) is the source to rescue the echoes of prehistorical sub-Saharan movements into Europe.
Diagram showing the coalescence ages of L-European lineages and their 95% C.I. (see also Supplemental Table S2) and the estimated frequencies in Europe over the total number of existing L mitochondrial genomes from Europe.
The pie charts on the left indicate the frequency distribution of African haplogroups in Europe; the color circles within the map indicate the distribution of entire genomes in Europe clustered in main haplogroups. The pie charts on the right show the admixture components of L-European lineages in Africa.
Spatial haplogroup distribution of sub-Saharan African lineages in Europe based on control-region data. (A) Macro-haplogroup L; (B) haplogroup L1b. Green crosses in A indicate the sampled regions (see also Supplemental Data S1).
However the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago.
Results
The phylogeny of European haplogroup L mitogenomes The phylogenetic relationships of the 56 novel and 13 previously reported L mi- tochondrial genomes from Europe are reported in Supplemental Figure S1. Sev- eral novel minor L haplogroups that are not present in Africans (or in African- Americans) were detected. This finding, together with the fact that these haplo- groups show a certain level of molecular divergence, suggests that these branches could have evolved within Europe. One of the most singular European haplogroup L subclades is L3d1b1a, defined by the stable diagnostic transversion A8014C (Soares et al. 2009). We found L3d1b1a exclusively in Italy (five subjects from
Tuscany, Umbria, and Campania) (Supplemental Table S1), thus most likely it evolved in situ. All individuals carried different haplotypes suggesting local divergence dating back to 3.6 kya (95% C.I.: 2.2–5.1) (Supplemental Table S2). Malyarchuk et al. (2008) recently proposed that the subclade L2a1k, defined by the mutational motif G6722A-T12903C- C16218T-T16519C, could have originated in Europe ;10,300 6 5150 yr ago. We have built a maximum parsimony tree using all available L2a1 entire mtDNA sequences (Supplemental Fig. S2; Supplemental Table S3). Our data provide further support to the finding of Malyarchuk et al. (2008) because we did not observe representatives of L2a1k in our collection of African sequences (n = 2426). We also searched L2a profiles carrying the diagnostic con- trol-region variant C16218T in a large survey of African control-re- gion sequences (>13,700), but no potential L2a1k candidates were observed. However, it is important to note that variant C16218T could be a misleading diagnostic marker for L2a1k. Two of our samples from Benin and Cameroon carrying this variant were completely se- quenced and attributed to different clades, L2a1c8 and L2a1d (Sup- plemental Data S1; Supplemental Fig. S2). The TMRCA for L2a1k of 10.6 kya (95% C.I.: 9.9–11.3) is very similar to the previous estimate (Malyarchuk et al. 2008).
L1b is by far the most common L-African lineage in Europe, 49% according to complete mitogenomes (a total of 34, of which 30 are newly reported here), and 23% according to control-region data. Previous studies mainly based on control-region sequences (Salas et al. 2002) showed that haplogroup L1b is most frequent and diverse in West-central Africa (Fig. 1).
To further evaluate haplogroup L1b mtDNAs, we collected 73 L1b entire genomes (mainly from Africans and African-Americans) from the literature and GenBank, which together with the 30 novel sequences from Europe sum to 103 (Supplemental Table S4).
The phylogeny of the 103 L1b mitogenomes is provided in Figure 2. The vast majority of the non-European lineages were sampled in North America (African-Americans and Hispanics; n = 40) and West-central Africa (n = 13), the latter being the most likely source for the majority of the L1b mtDNAs in America (Salas et al. 2005). Control-region data indicate that L1b haplotype di- versity is highest in East Africa, but the values of nucleotide diversity and the average number of nucleotide differences are highest in Western Africa (Bight of Biafra) (Supplemental Table S5). Demographic movements from sub-Saharan Africa could have spread L1b to the North (;1% and ;5% in Northeast and Northwest Africa, respectively).
Given the phylogeny, the frequency, and the diversity pat- terns observed in Africa for L1b, it is likely that this haplogroup arose in West Africa, from where it moved to other African and non-African locations. There is a subclade of L1b defined by the transition A16289G (Fig. 2) and named here L1b1a2a, which could have originated later in East Africa (represented by three divergent sequences from Ethiopia: GenBank accession numbers EU092952, EU092942, and EU092950). L1b1a2a could have moved from East Africa to the North downstream the Nile shores toward Egypt (repre- sented by the complete genome EU092775). The immediate ancestral node, L1b1a2 (Fig. 2), is represented by a single mitogenome observed in Israel (the Bedouin sequence EU092672) (Behar et al. 2008). There are two representatives of L1b1a2a in Spain (one of them in Galicia; Northwest Spain), which could have arrived during the period of the Atlantic slave trade or the Arab invasion of the Iberian Peninsula.
We have also identified a new subclade of L1b1a, here named L1b1a9, characterized by the transversion G185C and the transi- tion T14040C (Fig. 2). In contrast to most of the L1b subclades, L1b1a9 has a clear North African and Mediterranean distribution. It perhaps originated in Northwest Africa (as represented by the Moroccan Jew sequence EU092667) and afterward moved to different European Mediterranean locations (mainly Iberia and Italy). Two L1b1a9 sequences were found in Iberia (Galicia and Cata- lonia), three in the Italian Peninsula, and one in France.
--María Cerezo et al.
Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: so you are of the opinion that skin tone has no relation to a populaltion's long term proximity to the equator ?
I am of the opinion that what you type and fetch as truth is mostly pure B.S..
so you are of the opinion that skin tone has no relation to a population's long term proximity to the equator ?
Posts: 42930 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor:
The pie charts on the left indicate the frequency distribution of African haplogroups in Europe; the color circles within the map indicate the distribution of entire genomes in Europe clustered in main haplogroups. The pie charts on the right show the admixture components of L-European lineages in Africa.
Spatial haplogroup distribution of sub-Saharan African lineages in Europe based on control-region data. (A) Macro-haplogroup L; (B) haplogroup L1b. Green crosses in A indicate the sampled regions (see also Supplemental Data S1).
However the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago.
--María Cerezo et al.
Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: so you are of the opinion that skin tone has no relation to a populaltion's long term proximity to the equator ?
I am of the opinion that what you type and fetch as truth is mostly pure B.S..
so you are of the opinion that skin tone has no relation to a population's long term proximity to the equator ?
This is not about my opinion. It's about what your post exactly represents, isn't it?
You really don't want to know my opinion.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor:
The pie charts on the left indicate the frequency distribution of African haplogroups in Europe; the color circles within the map indicate the distribution of entire genomes in Europe clustered in main haplogroups. The pie charts on the right show the admixture components of L-European lineages in Africa.
Spatial haplogroup distribution of sub-Saharan African lineages in Europe based on control-region data. (A) Macro-haplogroup L; (B) haplogroup L1b. Green crosses in A indicate the sampled regions (see also Supplemental Data S1).
However the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago.
--María Cerezo et al.
Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: where is your scientific evidence modern Egytptians are heavily admixed with Europeans. Notable Greeks and Romans.
This desperate loon lioness, who operates under different names, likely doesn't understand that there were no planes back then. There was only a few ways to get out of Africa, on foot by small populations. One of them was the hub of Northeast Africa, known as Egypt. Of course this wasn't the only hub.
quote: The presence of sub-Saharan L-type mtDNA sequences in North Africa has traditionally been explained by the recent slave trade. However, gene flow between sub-Saharan and northern African populations would also have been made possible earlier through the greening of the Sahara resulting from Early Holocene climatic improvement. In this article, we examine human dispersals across the Sahara through the analysis of the sub-Saharan mtDNA haplogroup L3e5, which is not only commonly found in the Lake Chad Basin (∼17%), but which also attains nonnegligible frequencies (∼10%) in some Northwestern African populations. Age estimates point to its origin ∼10 ka, probably directly in the Lake Chad Basin, where the clade occurs across linguistic boundaries. The virtual absence of this specific haplogroup in Daza from Northern Chad and all West African populations suggests that its migration took place elsewhere, perhaps through Northern Niger. Interestingly, independent confirmation of Early Holocene contacts between North Africa and the Lake Chad Basin have been provided by craniofacial data from Central Niger, supporting our suggestion that the Early Holocene offered a suitable climatic window for genetic exchanges between North and sub-Saharan Africa. In view of its younger founder age in North Africa, the discontinuous distribution of L3e5 was probably caused by the Middle Holocene re-expansion of the Sahara desert, disrupting the clade's original continuous spread.
--Eliška Podgorná et al.
Annals of Human Genetics Volume 77, Issue 6, pages 513–523, November 2013
The Genetic Impact of the Lake Chad Basin Population in North Africa as Documented by Mitochondrial Diversity and Internal Variation of the L3e5 Haplogroup
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people ignore Troll Patrol, he's gotten emotional and he's in full spam mode posting random charts and quotes which don't answer xyyman's question>>
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: where is your scientific evidence modern Egytptians are heavily admixed with Europeans ?
UBBFriend: Email this page to someone!
![[Big Grin]](biggrin.gif)
, I mean, Europeans lie!!!!
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